Operasi Torch

Operasi Torch
	Bagian dari Perang Dunia II
	; Tentara sekutu mencapai pantai dekat Aljazair.
Tanggal	8 November - 10 November 1942
Lokasi	Moroko, Aljazair
Hasil	Kemenangan sekutu
Pihak terlibat
Amerika Serikat; Britania Raya; Prancis bebas	Prancis Vichy
Tokoh dan pemimpin
Dwight Eisenhower; Andrew Cunningham	François Darlan
Kekuatan
73.500	60.000
Korban
479+ tewas; 720 terluka	1.346+ tewas; 1.997 terluka

Operasi Torch (sering disebut Operasi Gymnast) adalah invasi Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya ke Afrika Utara Prancis selama Perang Dunia II yang dimulai pada tanggal 8 November 1942. Amerika Serikat dan Britania Raya memenangkan pertempuran ini.

Lihat pula

Invasi Sekutu ke Sisilia

Bibliografi

Laporan perang resmi

Les Cahiers Français, La part de la Résistance Française dans les évènements d'Afrique du Nord (Official reports of French Resistance Group leaders who seized Algiers on 8 November 1942, to allow allied landing), Commissariat à l'Information of Free French Comité National, London, Aug. 1943.

Catatan koresponden perang

Melvin K. Whiteleather, Main street's new neighbors, J.B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1945.

Karya aademik

Aboulker, Professeur José; Levisse-Touzé, Christine (2002). "8 novembre 1942: Les armées américaine et anglaise prennent Alger en quinze heures". Espoir (dalam bahasa French) (n° 133). Paris. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Allen, Bruce (2007) [1999]. Exit Rommel: The Tunisian Campaign, 1942–43. Stackpole Military History Series. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3381-6.
Anderson, Charles R. (1993). Algeria-French Morocco 8 November 1942-11 November 1942. WWII Campaigns. Washington: United States Army Center of Military History. ISBN 0-16-038105-3. CMH Pub 72-11. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2009-04-05. Diakses tanggal 2019-09-27.
Breuer, William B. (1985). Operation Torch: The Allied Gamble to Invade North Africa. New York: St.Martins Press.
Brown, J. D. (1968). Carrier Operations in World War II: The Royal Navy. London: Ian Allan.
Danan, Professeur Yves Maxime (1963). La Vie Politique à Alger de 1940 à 1944 (dalam bahasa French). Paris: L.G.D.J. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1948). Crusade in Europe. London: William Heinemann. OCLC 559866864.
Edwards, Bernard (1999). Dönitz and the Wolf Packs. Brockhampton Press. ISBN 1-86019-927-5.
Funk, Arthur L. (1974). The Politics of Torch. University Press of Kansas.
Hague, Arnold (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
Howe, George F. (1993) [1957]. North West Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West. The United States Army in World War II. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. LCCN 57060021. CMH Pub 6-1. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2015-05-28. Diakses tanggal 2019-09-27. ;
Levisse-Touzé, Christine (1998). L'Afrique du Nord dans la guerre, 1939–1945 (dalam bahasa French). Paris: Albin Michel. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
Lewis, Adrian S. (2001). Omaha Beach: a flawed victory. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2609-X.
Meyer, Leo J. (2000) [1960]. "Chapter 7: The Decision to Invade North Africa (Torch)". Dalam Kent Roberts Greenfield (ed.). Command Decisions. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-7. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2009-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2019-09-27. ; ;
Michel, Henri (1993). Darlan. Paris: Hachette.
Morison, Samuel Eliot (1947). Operations in North African Waters: Vol. II of History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-7858-1303-9.
Moses, Sam (November 2006). At All Costs; How a Crippled Ship and Two American Merchant Mariners Turned the Tide of World War II. Random House.
O'Hara, Vincent P. (2015) Torch: North African and the Allied Path to Victory (Annapolis: Naval Institute, 2015). x, 371 pp.
Playfair, Major-General I. S. O.; Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; Flynn R.N., Captain F. C.; Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) [1st HMSO 1966]. Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Destruction of the Axis Forces in Africa. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. IV. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-84574-068-8.
Rohwer, J.; Hummelchen, G. (1992). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-105-X.
Salinas, Alfred (2013) Les Américains en Algérie 1942–1945 (in French), L'Harmattan, Paris
Watson, Bruce Allen (2007) [1999]. Exit Rommel: The Tunisian Campaign, 1942–43. Stackpole Military History Series. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3381-6. OCLC 40595324.