103rd Commando Division

103rd Commando Division
103rd Commando Division
103ኛ የኮማንዶ ክፍል
Active	January 1987 – May 1989
Country	People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Type	Commando
Size	Division
Part of	Ethiopian National Defense Force
Garrison/HQ	Bahir Dar
Engagements	Ethiopian Civil War Battle of Shire (1989); ;
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Colonel Getahun Wolde Giorgis

The 103rd Commando Division (Amharic: 103ኛ የኮማንዶ ክፍል, romanized: lit, lit. '103nya yekomanido kifili') were the commando forces of the Ethiopian Ground Forces under the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. It was activated and began training in January 1987.^[1] It was part of the 604th Corps and was described as "the cream of the Ethiopian Army".^[2]^[3]

Creation

In early 1987, the government began the process of expanding commando units. The division was created on 13 January 1987, with at its head Colonel Getahun Wolde Giorgis. It was based out of Bahir Dar, Amhara Region with a potential capacity of 10,000 commandos. After initial recruitment, training began at the Harar Military Academy, before commando training began at Hawassa and later at Bahir Dar.^[4]

Operations

In 1989, the Defence Council sent the 103rd to take part in the defence of the capital during the Fall of Addis Ababa during the Ethiopian Civil War. It also took part in the battles for Axum.

In Tigray, the 103rd Commando Division was to provide the government's last hope in keeping Tigray. These attempts were repulsed on 19 February 1989, the division was defeated in and around Shire by the Tigray People's Liberation Front.^[5]

Personnel

The 103rd during its existence was often seen as a victim of poor command,^[6] as it was mostly made up of conscripts and fresh militiamen.^[7] General Demissie Bulto, who was involved in the 1989 Ethiopian coup d'état attempt, had his mutilated body dragged in the streets of Asmara by half-drunk commandos.^[8] Major Bogale was a brigade commander in the division.^[6]

References

^ Fontanellaz & Cooper 2018, pp. 18, 68.
^ Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2018-07-31). Ethiopian-Eritrean Wars. Volume 2: Eritrean War of Independence, 1988-1991 & Badme War, 1998-2001. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1-913118-35-8.
^ Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot (2020-01-15). Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and the Challenges of Ethiopian State-Building. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-370-8.
^ Ayele, Fantahun (2014-10-30). The Ethiopian Army: From Victory to Collapse, 1977-1991. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-6805-3.
^ Bernhard Lindahl (2005). "Local history of Ethiopia: Ind'Abba Selama - Insway" (PDF). Nordiska Afrikainstitutet [The Nordic Africa Institute].
^ ^a ^b African Defence. The Journal. 1989.
^ Tareke, Gebru (2009-06-23). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15615-7.
^ Tareke, Gebru (2004). "From Af Abet to Shire: The Defeat and Demise of Ethiopia's 'Red' Army 1988-89". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 42 (2): 239–281. doi:10.1017/S0022278X04000114. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 3876226.

Works cited

Fontanellaz, Adrien; Cooper, Tom (2018). Ethiopian-Eritrean Wars: Volume 2: Eritrean War of Independence, 1988-1991 & Badme War, 1998-2001. Africa@War No. 30. Warwick: Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-912390-30-4.

[FOOTNOTEFontanellazCooper201818,_68-1] Fontanellaz & Cooper 2018, pp. 18, 68.

[2] Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2018-07-31). Ethiopian-Eritrean Wars. Volume 2: Eritrean War of Independence, 1988-1991 & Badme War, 1998-2001. Helion and Company. ISBN 978-1-913118-35-8.

[3] Berhe, Mulugeta Gebrehiwot (2020-01-15). Laying the Past to Rest: The EPRDF and the Challenges of Ethiopian State-Building. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-78738-370-8.

[4] Ayele, Fantahun (2014-10-30). The Ethiopian Army: From Victory to Collapse, 1977-1991. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 978-0-8101-6805-3.

[5] Bernhard Lindahl (2005). "Local history of Ethiopia: Ind'Abba Selama - Insway" (PDF). Nordiska Afrikainstitutet [The Nordic Africa Institute].

[:0-6] African Defence. The Journal. 1989.

[7] Tareke, Gebru (2009-06-23). The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15615-7.

[8] Tareke, Gebru (2004). "From Af Abet to Shire: The Defeat and Demise of Ethiopia's 'Red' Army 1988-89". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 42 (2): 239–281. doi:10.1017/S0022278X04000114. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 3876226.

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