Olof Bergh leads another expedition to the Namaquas.[3][4][5] Olof Bergh's expedition attempts to reach the Tropic of Capricorn, but is halted by drought and rough terrain near the Doornbosch River. The travel diaries of Olof Bergh contribute to the evolution of Dutch into Afrikaans[6]
The VOC Commissioner Hendrik van Rheede decrees male slaves to be freed at 25 and females at 22, with targeted work training provided, but this is never enacted upon.[12]
A slave school is established in the Slave Lodge for VOC slave children.
Marriages between Dutchmen and female slaves are prohibited, unless the slave has a Dutch father.
After decades of exploration, an expedition involving Simon van der Stel and other Dutch settlers discovers copper deposits in Namaqualand.[13]
Simon van der Stel makes the oldest visible engravings of the Heerenlogement cave.[14]
The Amersfoort anchors at the Cape with a 174-slaves cargo.[15]
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes leads to the persecution of Huguenots in France. The VOC encourages Huguenot immigration to the Cape for agriculture.[19]
The Huguenot refugees from France begin to mainly settle in Franschhoek.[29]
Flemish merchant Jacques De Savoye founds the Vrede en Lust winefarm after fleeing Europe due to religious persecution.[30]
1689
4 January - The Dutch East India Company ship, the Noord became the first ship to sail into the Bay of Natal to search for survivors of the Stavenisse shipwreck of 1686 [11]
26 April - The French ship Normandie is captured by the Dutch in Table Bay
Serious friction develops between the Huguenots and the Dutch settlers
Births
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^"Rapport van den Vaendrich Olof Bergh op hare reyse na de Cralie van de Namaquas"
^Botanical exploration of southern Africa : an illustrated history of early botanical literature on the Cape flora : biographical accounts of the leading plant collectors and their activities in southern Africa from the days of the East India Company until modern times | WorldCat.org. OCLC8591273.
^See the facsimile of his illustrated manuscript on this expedition, ed. by M.L. Wilson and WJJ van Rijssen: Codex Witsenii. Annotated watercolours of landscapes, flora and fauna observed on the expedition to the Copper Mountains, Namaqua, 1685-6 by Simon van der Stel, Cape Town: Iziko Museums, 2002
^Giliomee et al. (2007), New History of South Africa. Tafelberg Publishers: Cape Town. Pg 60.
^Lambert, David E. (2010). The Protestant international and the Huguenot migration to Virginia. Studies in church history. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN978-1-4331-0759-7. OCLC436358420.
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