Colonial architecture in Surabaya

Pasar Besar (market area) circa 1930
Toendjoengan (1953)
Military canteen in Surabaya

Colonial architecture in Surabaya (Dutch: Soerabaja) includes the legacy of neoclassical architecture and Dutch architecture built during the Dutch East Indies era. Kota Lama (transl. Old City) in Surabaya is a tourist attraction but faces problems with the deterioration of older buildings. It includes Dutch architecture, has an Arab quarter and areas exhibiting Chinese influence.[1] Jembatan Merah is an area known for its Dutch architecture.[1]

Cosman Citroen designed a city hall in 1916 and planned the area of Ketabang. Museum Bank Indonesia, Surabaya is located in the former Bank of Java branch building. The House of Sampoerna is a museum devoted to the history of clove cigarette (kretek) manufacturing in Indonesia and is housed in a Dutch colonial building (originally an orphanage) dating to 1864.[1][2]

For many years after Indonesia became independent, the colonial buildings in Kota Lama were ignored. By the mid-2020s, however, the Old City had come to be seen as key to boosting the city's economy by attracting tourists. In July 2024, the city formally launched a revitalised Kota Lama, and within a few months city officials were pleased with the outcome of the revitalisation.[3]

Even though a majority of Surabayans have negative views about the Dutch colonial era, they do admire the old buildings the colonists left behind. Volunteers have turned out in droves to clean up Kota Lama, and young Indonesians now flock to the area for the cultural experience, or to take the perfect Instagram photo.[3]

  • Bijeenkomsthuis (meeting house)
    Bijeenkomsthuis (meeting house)
  • Entrance portal of "De ingangspoort" (Perseverance), Royal Factory Steam and other machines in the year 1857 by F.J.H. Baijer
    Entrance portal of "De ingangspoort" (Perseverance), Royal Factory Steam and other machines in the year 1857 by F.J.H. Baijer
  • Harbor office in Surabaya and memorial on the occasion of the visit of Governor General Fock (September, 1922)
    Harbor office in Surabaya and memorial on the occasion of the visit of Governor General Fock (September, 1922)
  • City garden (late 19th century)
    City garden (late 19th century)
  • Garden in Surabaya
    Garden in Surabaya
  • "Komediegebouw" Surabaya
    "Komediegebouw" Surabaya
  • Heineken Brewery in Surabaya
    Heineken Brewery in Surabaya
  • Goebang train station (Surabaya Gubeng railway station)
    Goebang train station (Surabaya Gubeng railway station)
  • Post and Telegraph office
    Post and Telegraph office
  • Pasar Besar in the background
    Pasar Besar in the background
  • Grimm & Co. "cake palace" at Pasar Besar
    Grimm & Co. "cake palace" at Pasar Besar
  • Goebang (now Gubeng district)
    Goebang (now Gubeng district)
  • Sluice
    Sluice
  • Postcard of sluice
    Postcard of sluice
  • Fountain and water carriers
    Fountain and water carriers
  • Governor General Fock visiting a school
    Governor General Fock visiting a school
  • Hotel Embong Malang
    Hotel Embong Malang
  • Kurkdjian photo studio (O. Kurkdjian & Co.)
    Kurkdjian photo studio (O. Kurkdjian & Co.)

List of buildings

Last official name Former names Year Architect Location Latest image Oldest image
Apotik Simpang De Simpangsche Apotheek; Toko Occasion and Toko Atal Sport[4] 1855 (first building); 1936 (second building)[5] Herman Smeets (first building); Henri Estourgie (second building)[5] 7°15′47″S 112°44′28″E / 7.263051°S 112.741206°E / -7.263051; 112.741206
Balai Kota Surabaya Gemeentehuis te Soerabaja[6][7][8]: 126  / Raadhuis te Soerabaja[9][10] / Staadhuis te Soerabaja[11][12][13] 1927[8]: 126 [9][11][12][13][14] Cosman Citroen[8]: 126 [9][11][12][14][15] 7°15′33″S 112°44′50″E / 7.259208°S 112.747084°E / -7.259208; 112.747084
Balai Pemuda / Alun-Alun Surabaya Simpang Club or Simpangsche Societeit[16][17] 1907[17] Westmaes[17] 7°15′50″S 112°44′26″E / 7.263978°S 112.7404329°E / -7.263978; 112.7404329
Gedung Algemeene / Gedung Singa[18][19][20] / Gedung Aperdi[18][19][21] Kantoor Algemeene[19][22][23] 1901[18][19][20][21][23] Hendrik Petrus Berlage[18][19][20][21][22][23] 7°14′14″S 112°44′16″E / 7.237122°S 112.737756°E / -7.237122; 112.737756
Gedung Bank Mandiri KC Surabaya Niaga Kantoorgebouw van Borsumij [id; nl];[15][24] Gedung Bank Exim[24] 1935[15][24] Cosman Citroen[15][24] 7°14′22″S 112°44′16″E / 7.239562°S 112.737756°E / -7.239562; 112.737756
Gedung Bank Mandiri KCP Surabaya Jembatan Merah Kantoor Nederlandsch-Indische Handelsbank[8]: 144, 246  1912[8]: 144, 246  George Elenbaas and Pieter Moojen[8]: 144, 246  7°14′13″S 112°44′16″E / 7.236808°S 112.737769°E / -7.236808; 112.737769
Gedung Bank Mandiri KCP Surabaya Pahlawan Kantoorgebouw Firma Lindeteves-Stokvis Soerabaia[25][26][27] / Kihatama Butai[26] / Glinding Tipis;[25][27] 1911–1913[25][26][27] Eduard Cuypers[25][28][29] 7°14′37″S 112°44′20″E / 7.243639°S 112.738776°E / -7.243639; 112.738776
Gedung BNI KCP Jembatan Merah Surabaya Kantoorgebouw van Borsumij [id; nl][30][31] 1920[30][31] Cosman Citroen and Jan Jacob Job[30] 7°14′09″S 112°44′12″E / 7.235806°S 112.736556°E / -7.235806; 112.736556
Gedung Cerutu / Gedung Cigar[32][33] Java Sugar Syndicate;[22][34] Bridgestone;[34] Kantor Said bin Oemar Bagil;[32][33][34][35] Kantor Bank Bumi Daya;[32][34][35] Bank Mandiri[22][32][33][34] 1916[22][32][33][34][35] N.V. Maatsschappij Tot Exploitatie Van Het Bureau Gebroders Knaud[22][34] 7°14′12″S 112°44′13″E / 7.236607°S 112.737044°E / -7.236607; 112.737044
Gedung DPMPTSP Jawa Timur Meubelmagazijn Pröttel;[36][37] Kantoor Surabaiasch Handelsblad;[36][37] Kantor Suara Asia;[36][37] Gedung Brantas;[36] Kantor Harian Memorandum;[36] Kantor Catatan Sipil Kota Surabaya;[36] Kantor Dinas Perumahan Surabaya;[36] Gedung Penanaman Modal (BPM) Jawa Timur[36] 1912[36] or 1920[37] Eduard Cuypers[29][37] 7°14′40″S 112°44′20″E / 7.244308°S 112.738778°E / -7.244308; 112.738778
Gedung Grahadi [id] Residentiehuis[16][38] / Tuinhuis[38] 1795 (constructed);[39][40] 1810 (renovated)[40] 7°15′46″S 112°44′36″E / 7.262819°S 112.743431°E / -7.262819; 112.743431
Gedung Maybank Nederlands Spaarbank; Nutsspaarbank; Bank Tabungan; Bank Internasional Indonesia[22][41] 1917[41] Fritz Joseph Pinédo [nl][22][41] 7°14′17″S 112°44′14″E / 7.238142°S 112.73717°E / -7.238142; 112.73717
Gedung Siola [id] / Surabaya Museum [id] Whiteaway Laidlaw & Co; Het Engelsche Warenhuis; Chiyoda Store; SIOLA; Ramayana Siola[42][43][44] Unclear;[note 1] possibly 1923[43][45] 7°15′32″S 112°44′20″E / 7.258754°S 112.738774°E / -7.258754; 112.738774
Gereja Kelahiran Santa Perawan Maria Onze Lieve Vrouw Geboorte Kerk / Onze Lieve Vrouwekerk[46] 1899–1900[22][47] W. Westmaas[22][47][48] and Muljono Widjosastro[22] 7°14′31″S 112°44′13″E / 7.242065°S 112.737016°E / -7.242065; 112.737016
Holycow x coffee toffee Kantor Pos Pembantu Simpang; Post shop coffee toffee[38][49] 1932[38] G.P.J.M. Bolsius and Landsgebouwdienst[38] 7°15′50″S 112°44′36″E / 7.263994°S 112.743383°E / -7.263994; 112.743383
Hotel Majapahit Oranje Hotel; Hotel Yamato; Hotel Merdeka; L. M. S. Hotel; Mandarin Oriental Hotel Majapahit[50] 1911[50] Alfred Bidwell[50] 7°15′37″S 112°44′23″E / 7.26024°S 112.73965°E / -7.26024; 112.73965
Horison Arcadia Heritage Surabaya Kantoor Geo Wehry;[8]: 188 [51][52][53][54] Hotel Ibis Rajawali[51][52][53][54] 1913–1914[8]: 188 [51][52][53][54] Marius Hulswit[8]: 188  7°14′11″S 112°44′12″E / 7.236518°S 112.736749°E / -7.236518; 112.736749
Kantor Gubernur Jawa Timur Gouverneurskantoor van Oost-Java (incl. Residentiekantoor)[55][56] or Gouverneurs Kantoor and Residentie Kantoor;[57] Syuucho (Residency) Office[57] 1929–1931[55][56][57] Wijnand Lemei Jnr,[55][58] assisted by Hubert Albert Breuning and WB Carmiggelt (Landsgebouwendienst)[56][59] 7°14′45″S 112°44′21″E / 7.245844°S 112.739111°E / -7.245844; 112.739111
Kantor Partai PDI Kantoor Internationale Crediet- en Handelsvereeniging "Rotterdam" [nl];[22][60][61] Gedung Internatio [nl][22][60][61] 1927–1931[62] Frans Ghijsels[60][61][62] 7°14′09″S 112°44′14″E / 7.235698°S 112.73712°E / -7.235698; 112.73712
Kantor Pertamina EP Asset 4 Sociëteit Concordia; Kantoor Bataafche Petroleum Maatschappij (BPM); Kantor Pertamina UPDN V[63][64][65] 1843 (constructed); 1917–1918 (renovated)[64][65] JP Emerling (construction); Cosman Citroen (1917–1918 renovation)[15][64][65] 7°14′31″S 112°44′18″E / 7.242056°S 112.738444°E / -7.242056; 112.738444
Kantor PTPN X Koloniale Bank [nl][66][67] 1927–1928[66] Charles Prosper Wolff Schoemaker[66] 7°14′16″S 112°44′14″E / 7.237856°S 112.737287°E / -7.237856; 112.737287
Kantor PTPN XI / Kantor Pusat PTPN XI [nl][68] Kantoor van de Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam;[22][8]: 136 [69] Kantor PPN;[69] Kantor PTPN[69] 1925[8]: 136 [69] Eduard Cuypers[22][29][8]: 136  7°14′17″S 112°44′05″E / 7.23805°S 112.734728°E / -7.23805; 112.734728
Kantor telepon Surabaya Utara / Kantor Telkom Garuda Kantor Tilpun Utara[22][62] 1913–1914[62] Frans Ghijsels[62] 7°14′06″S 112°44′13″E / 7.234931°S 112.737064°E / -7.234931; 112.737064
Locaāhands Boekhandel J.W.F. Sluyter Soerabaja;[44][70][71][72][73] Van Dorp & Co;[44][72] Toko Aneka Dharma;[70] a car showroom;[70] Bank Dagang Negara;[70] Bank Bumi Daya/PT. Saver;[70][74] Kantor Yayasan Majelis Dzikir Surabaya "Nurussalam"[70] 1925[44][70][73] 7°15′31″S 112°44′20″E / 7.25874°S 112.738777°E / -7.25874; 112.738777
Monumen Pers Perjuangan Surabaya / Media Center PJI-Monumen Pers[75] / Gedung Seiko[76] Simpangsche Bazaar; De Fikkert Motorcar; Piccolo Club; Toko Nam; Toko Kwang; Kantor Antara[77][78][79][80][81] 1886 (became store); 1904 (renovated); 1938 (demolished and rebuilt)[80] 7°15′39″S 112°44′22″E / 7.260919°S 112.739558°E / -7.260919; 112.739558
Museum Bank Indonesia Surabaya De Javasche Bank; Bank Indonesia[82][83] 1829 (constructed);[22][82][83][84][85] 1904 (demolished and rebuilt);[82] 1910 (renovated)[22][82][84][85] Eduard Cuypers (1910 renovation)[29][84][85] 7°14′07″S 112°44′13″E / 7.235333°S 112.736806°E / -7.235333; 112.736806
Pintu Air Jagir [id] / Dam Jagir[86][87] / Banjir Sluis[87][88] 1916–1923 (constructed);[89][90][91] 1978 (renovated)[91][92] HW Vrijlandt[93] 7°18′02″S 112°44′28″E / 7.30068°S 112.74123°E / -7.30068; 112.74123
Pos Bloc Surabaya Hoofkantoor Soerabaja; Kantor Pos Besar Surabaya; Kantor Pos Besar Kebonrojo[22][94][95] 1928[94][95] G.P.J.M. Bolsius and BOW (Burgerlijke Openbare Werken)[22][94] 7°14′34″S 112°44′15″E / 7.24284°S 112.73747°E / -7.24284; 112.73747
Toko Savelkoul Savelkoul-winkels en andere[8]: 136  1935[8]: 136  Robert Deppe[8]: 136  7°15′42″S 112°44′26″E / 7.261636°S 112.74046°E / -7.261636; 112.74046
Varna Culture Hotel Magazijn Begeer van Kempen en Vos;[96] Militaire kantine Koninklijke Marine;[97] Kantor BCA KCP Tunjungan[98] 1917–1919[15] Cosman Citroen[15] 7°15′34″S 112°44′21″E / 7.259327°S 112.739241°E / -7.259327; 112.739241

See also

References

Footnote

  1. ^ Numerous sources claim that the Siola Building was constructed in 1877. However, reliable sources state that that is the year that co-founder Robert Laidlaw moved to India, that the business of Whiteaway Laidlaw & Co was not founded until 1882, and that it initially operated department stores in India, not the Dutch East Indies. See the sources cited in the articles about the co-founder and the business.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Lonely Planet Indonesia Ryan Ver Berkmoes, Celeste Brash, Muhammad Cohen, Mark Elliott, Guyan Mitra, John Noble, Adam Skolnick, Iain Stewart, and Steve Waters Lonely Planet, Sep 1, 2010
  2. ^ "House of Sampoerna website". Archived from the original on 2019-05-28. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  3. ^ a b Sørensen, Lasse (27 November 2024). "Decades after independence, Surabaya's Dutch colonial buildings come alive again". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
  4. ^ Kusumo, Budiarto Eko (9 February 2016). "Apotik Simpang Surabaya" [Simpang Pharmacy Surabaya]. Kekunaan: The Story of Indonesian Heritage (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  5. ^ a b Kwanda, Timoticin (2018). H.L.J.M. Estourgie & Son: Architects In Surabaya and Beyond (1920 - 1958) (PDF). Surabaya: Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Petra Christian University. pp. 64–65. ISBN 9786025446092. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
  6. ^ Ingleson, John (November 2012). "Fear of the kampung, fear of unrest: urban unemployment and colonial policy in 1930s Java". Modern Asian Studies. 46 (6): 1633–1671. doi:10.1017/S0026749X11000679. ISSN 0026-749X. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  7. ^ Santoso, Joko Triwinarto (author); Zeeuw, Wouter de (contributor) (2018). Cosman Citroen (1881-1935): Architect in 'booming' Soerabaja (in Dutch). Translated by Roding, Juliette Germaine. Hilversum: Stichting Bonas / Uitgeverij Verloren. p. 71. ISBN 9789087047191. (includes summary in English)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Norbruis, Obbe (2022). Arsitektur di Nusantara [Architecture in the Archipelago] (PDF) (in Indonesian). Translated by Tarekat, Hasti. Amsterdam: Hulswit-Fermont-Cuypers Foundation for Indonesian-Dutch Milestones in Architecture. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2025.
  9. ^ a b c "Raadhuis Surabaya Jalan Walikota Mustajab (Surabaya)". Het Nieuwe Instituut (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  10. ^ Hartono, Handinoto dan Samuel (July 2007). ""The Amsterdam School" dan perkembangan arsitektur kolonial di Hindia Belanda Antara 1915-1940" [“The Amsterdam School” and the development of colonial architecture in the Dutch East Indies between 1915-1940]. DIMENSI (Journal of Architecture and Built Environment) (in Indonesian). 35 (1): 57. Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  11. ^ a b c Prarismawan, Aji (2011). "Balai Kota Surabaya – Staadhuis te Soerabaia". Tabloid Hunianku (in Indonesian) (22). Retrieved 5 March 2025.
  12. ^ a b c Melani, Agustina (14 July 2019). "Jejak Arsitek Belanda Citroen di Balai Kota Surabaya" [Traces of Dutch Architect Citroen in Surabaya City Hall]. liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 March 2025.
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  15. ^ a b c d e f g "Pusaka Jawatimuran: G. Cosman Citroen, Arsiteknya Kota Surabaya" [East Java Heritage: G. Cosman Citroen, the Architect of Surabaya City]. East Java Library & Archives Service (in Indonesian). Retrieved 16 March 2025.
  16. ^ a b Teeuwen, Dirk (2007). "The Simpangsche Sociëteit, the Resident's Residence and the City Hall - Surabaya and its monuments: around Jalan Pemuda and the vicinity" (PDF). Indonesia, Dutch colonial heritage Rendezvous Batavia drs Dirk Teeuwen MSc. Retrieved 2 March 2025.
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  18. ^ a b c d Irawan, Bambang (31 May 2014). "Berlage on Aperdi/Algemeene Building in Surabaya". Ayorek!. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  19. ^ a b c d e Fitriyani, Wiwin (10 October 2019). "Sepenggal Kisah Gedung Singa di Kawasan Kota Tua Surabaya" [A Piece of the Story of the Lion Building in the Old City Area of Surabaya]. liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 March 2025.
  20. ^ a b c Steekelenburg, Ester van; Purwono, Nanang; Timmer, Petra (12 July 2024). "Berlage's Heritage Thrown to the Lions? The Story of Gedung Singa in Surabaya and a Forgotten Travel Diary". i-discoverasia.com. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
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  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Directory Map: Zona Eropa (pdf) (Map) (in Indonesian and English). Surabaya: Center Point Taman Sejarah / City of Surabaya. 2024. Archived from the original on 3 March 2025. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
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  25. ^ a b c d "Bank Mandiri (Bank Dagang Negara)". Direktori Online Kota Surabaya (in Indonesian). 22 June 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  26. ^ a b c Sidarta, Mawan (15 June 2013). ""Bengkel Perang" Jepang Disulap Jadi Bank Mandiri" [Japanese "War Workshop" Transformed Into Bank Mandiri]. Kompasiana (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 March 2025.
  27. ^ a b c Kusumo, Budiarto Eko (12 February 2014). "Gedung Lindeteves Stokvis Surabaya" [Lindeteves Stokvis Building Surabaya]. Kekunaan: The Story of Indonesian Heritage (in Indonesian). Retrieved 17 March 2025.
  28. ^ Susantio, Djulianto (5 September 2012). "Lindeteves, Pabrik Baja Masa VOC" [Lindeteves, VOC Era Steel Factory]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 March 2025.
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Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dutch colonial architecture in Surabaya.
  • "Portal Data: Cagar Budaya" [Data Portal: Cultural Heritage]. Department of Culture, Youth and Sports and Tourism of Surabaya City (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  • Kusumo, Budiarto Eko (14 July 2015). "Daftar Bangunan Kuno di Kota Surabaya" [List of Ancient Buildings in Surabaya City]. Kekunaan: The Story of Indonesian Heritage (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  • "Bangunan Cagar Budaya" [Cultural Heritage Buildings]. Direktori Online Vokasi Unair [Unair Vocational Online Directory] (in Indonesian). Airlangga University. Retrieved 7 April 2025. – has links, via tabs "Destinasi Wisata" [Tourist Destinations], "Wisata Budaya" [Cultural Tourism], and "Bangunan Cagar Budaya" [Cultural Heritage Buildings], to information about 30 European-style cultural heritage buildings
  • "Surabaya: Kampung Eropa". i-Discover.Asia. Retrieved 19 March 2025. – an English language guide for a city walk of the European Quarter of the Kota Lama (Old City), Surabaya
  • "Perkantik Kawasan Wisata Heritage, zona Eropa Kota Lama Surabaya direvitalisasi" [Beautifying Heritage Tourism Area, European zone of Surabaya old city revitalized]. www.surabaya.go.id (in Indonesian). Surabaya City Government. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2025. – news from the City of Surabaya about heritage tourism
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