Command and control (management)
Command-and-control management is categorised by systems thinkers as the dominant method of management in the Western world. Key influences are said to include Alfred P. Sloan, Henry Ford, James McKinsey of the eponymous accounting firm, and Frederick Winslow Taylor. A well-known modern exponent is Michael Barber, himself a partner in McKinsey & Company. It is characterised by some systems thinkers according to the following attributes: Perspective: Top-down and hierarchical Key critics of the command-and-control management ethos and techniques include members of the systems-thinking community and associated thinkers, including W. Edwards Deming,[1] John Seddon,[2] Kōnosuke Matsushita,[3] Taiichi Ohno, Russell L. Ackoff,[4] Donella Meadows,[5] Alfie Kohn,[6] and the outspoken Vanguard Method practitioner John Little.[7] In the 21st century John Seddon in particular has been deeply critical of successive UK governments' propagation of command-and-control thinking in the NHS, local authorities, and other public services. Organisations credited with having moved away from the command-and-control paradigm to a systems-thinking philosophy include Harley Davidson and Aviva, in addition to many Japanese companies, such as Toyota, Honda, and Panasonic. See alsoOut of the Crisis, W. Edwards Deming, 1986 References
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