Digital learning

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Digital learning Digital learning can be defined as a process of learning that is mediated, or supported, by digital technologies. These have different forms, including online learning, mobile learning, blended learning, and any educational software and available resources used in teaching and learning. The main aim of digital learning is to utilize technology to enhance accessibility, flexibility, and individualization of learning ^[1]

Digital literacy can also be related to but is conceptually distinct, as it involves the skills and practices that individuals need to achieve critical, effective, and ethical use of digital tools and media. It encompasses knowing how to go around in the digital world, discern and combine information, communicate via the use of digital media, protect oneself in terms of privacy, and create content digitally in a responsible manner. The difference between digital learning and digital literacy enables us to understand the problem and opportunity of technological issues in understanding education

Digital learning has been developed significantly since the first attempts at computer-assisted instruction, to advanced online-based platforms and mobile programs. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a rush of unprecedented levels of digital learning around the world, both emphasizing the positive aspects of education technology and the inconsistencies of accessibility to devices and the internet, along with digital literacy ^[2][3].

Online learning involves learning using the internet. Commonplace is for learners to learn using a Learning Management System, which provides teaching resources online. A number of companies provide such systems for educational institutes to use allowing learners to study online. A number of private companies offer online teaching provision including coursera and udemy

Digital literacy is the key to effective utilization of digital learning. The competencies are technical mastery, critical thinking to identify the quality of digital content, cybersecurity, excellent communication, creativity, and ethics in responsible online life ^[4] . Organizations such as Uncast and the International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) promote digital literacy frameworks to direct educators and learners in developing the skills ^[5]. The digital divide is a concern area as the level of socioeconomic status, geography, and disabilities come into play when it comes to getting access to technology and digital literacy training. Equal access to the internet and new techniques requires high-speed internet and digital tools to achieve this, equal distribution of digital tools and online capabilities ^[6][7].

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an emergency transition to distance learning, disclosing disparities in digital technology accessibility all over the world. Poor learners in disadvantaged backgrounds were at a disadvantage because of the limited connection and devices The COVID-19 pandemic exposed disparities in digital access worldwide.^[8] . In addition, digital literacy education was found to enhance the activity and success of studying when distance learning is implemented, highlighting its significance

Although Covid-19 is often discussed in reference to its negative effects on society, some would argue that it acted as a catalyst for the digital transformations in education.^[9] On the other hand, other researchers argue that the investments directed towards acceleration of digitalization during the pandemic were obsolete for the digital transition in education, with the existence of some exceptions.^[10]

Nevertheless, some sources argue that learning digitally from home created some positive trends. The presence of new learning technologies may have contributed to a diminished spreading spread of the virus.^[11] Outside of health related effects, e-learning enabled students to continue their studies even in unprecedented global conditions.^[12]

It is important to note that while some state that the level of knowledge increased during the pandemic,^[12] others state that students did not necessarily comprehend the subjects taught online.^[13]

With the introduction of AI-powered ChatGPT late last year, digital learning has undergone a fundamental shift in being able to have personalized, on-demand instructional support (U.S. Department of Education, 2023). Such AI systems introduce a lot of opportunities, yet prompt a series of profound ethical concerns. Possible overdependence on answers designed by AI without the use of critical thinking and controlling information is a primary concern. As it is known, AI can show prejudices or errors, so the existence of digital literacy skills, as critical assessment and digital citizenship the ethical and proper usage of technology, is vital ^[14] Moreover, teaching should be undertaken on the importance of AI ethics aimed at combating such AI risks as privacy issues, algorithmic opacity, equity, and disinformation (UNESCO, 2025; Selvakumar et al., 2025). Curricula and programs are paying more importance to teaching learners how to recognize the limitations of AI, misinformation, and safeguarding personal information and how to be a good citizen of the online community. By prioritizing these competencies, the learner can make use of the benefits of AI technologies by means of being able to use such technologies both safely and responsibly as well as assist them in being ready to engage in an ethical manner with a digital process that is rapidly changing ^[15]

Mobile learning has gone beyond the use of smartphones to tablets, wearable technology, and learning applications that can facilitate personalized and adaptive learning. Technology tends to be inclusive of the accessibility features that suit learners with various needs, including disabilities, thereby enhancing inclusive education.^[16]

During the COVID-19 pandemic much teaching was done online using video-conferencing technology such as Zoom (software). Such technology allows the provision of teaching virtually, with learners able to watch educators.

Virtual Reality allows students to undertake virtual field trips and make educational experiences that would not otherwise be possible.

Digital learning is meant to enhance the learning experience rather than replace traditional methods altogether. Listed below are common pedagogies, or practices of teaching, that combine technology and learning:^{[citation needed]}

• Blended/hybrid learning
• Online learning
• Flipped learning
• 1:1 learning
• Differentiated learning
• Individualized learning
• Personalized learning
• Gamification
• Understanding by Design (UBD)

Digital learning is meant to enhance the learning experience rather than replace traditional methods altogether. To successfully incorporate digital tools into education, several frameworks developed by educators are in use ^[17]: SAMR Model: Instructions for replenishing, extending, redesigning, and repurposing learning activities by using technology. PACK Framework: Places a high value on the synergy between three independent entities: technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and content knowledge, which become critical for effective teaching. Triple E Framework: It emphasizes how technology has tasked students, served to develop the learning objectives, and learning beyond the school institutions. These models assist teachers in integrating digital literacies that enable them to make technology more than a substitute element in acquiring learning skills.

Digital literacy refers to the capacity of searching, analyzing, creating, and sharing information in the best way possible, as it is enabled using digital technologies. It incorporates the key skills that learners and educators should use and navigate the digital environment safely. The essential elements are critical assessment of online information, safeguarding privacy with cybersecurity, technical application of technology, creativity in developing online materials, and online cooperation along with digital network systems. Digital literacy is closely associated with ethical aspects, which pay attention to the impediments of digital learning technologies. Those are ensuring privacy of data, supporting transparency and equity in artificial intelligence applications, managing misinformation, and taking steps toward responsible and responsible use of technologies. The acquisition of powerful digital literacy has the empowering effect of enabling one to use digital tools critically and ethically and in this sense, a digital learning environment is safe and equitable

• Digital learning has many beneficial outcomes, one of which is the student’s ability to work at his/her own pace. With assignments being online students can decide when they want to complete them. If they work best in the morning, they can do them in the morning. On the other hand, if they work best in the evening, they can complete the assignments in the evening. Without having the stress and time limitations of being in a classroom, they can take as long or as little time as they need. This allows them to understand the concept and retain the knowledge fully.
• Digital learning offers many environmental benefits. Online education relies strictly on digital documents, therefore reducing paper waste and the amount of trees cut down. Studies show that using ebooks as opposed to traditional textbooks would save more than 28,000 trees per million books.^[18] Another environmental benefit of digital learning is that it reduces transportation. Completing assignments online as opposed to commuting to class reduces carbon dioxide emissions in the environment by about 148 pounds each semester.^[19]  

• Educational technology
• Education and Technology
• Online learning in higher education
• Online credentials for learning
• Digital credential
• Distance education
• MOOC
• Open educational resources
• Educational technology in sub-Saharan Africa