Ge with descender

Ge with descender
Ӷ ӷ
Г̡ г̡
Usage
Writing system	Cyrillic
Type	Alphabetic
Sound values	[ɣ], [ʁ], [ɢ]
History
Variations	Г̡ г̡
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Ge with descender (Ӷ ӷ; italics: Ӷ ӷ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script formed from the Cyrillic letter Ge (Г г Г г) by adding a descender. In Unicode this letter is called "Ghe with descender".^[1]

Ge with descender is used in the alphabets of the following languages:

Ge with hook (, , sometimes Г̡ г̡, italics: Г̡ г̡) is an allograph of the letter ge with descender ⟨Ӷ ӷ⟩ of the Cyrillic script.^[6] It has been used in writing Ket and sometimes Nivkh, and in the transcription of Eskaleut languages.

Ge with hook is used in the literature of Nivkh to represent the voiced uvular plosive [ɢ],^[7] and is sometimes represented instead with the ge with descender ⟨Ӷ ӷ⟩.^[6] It is used, in particular, in the Sakhalin dialects and not in the Amur dialect of the Russian Far East.^[8]

Ge with hook has the hook attached to the right in Nivkh in Taksami 1996, as well as Eskaleut languages works such as Ainana 1994, and Vakhtin 2003, in the Chaplino dialect in Menovchtchikov 1988, Menovchtchikov and Vakhtin 1990, Sigunylik 2003, in Naukan Yupik in Menovchtchikov 1975.

• 
  Form used in Eskaleut languages, in Ket or in Nivkh.
• 

Ge with hook has not yet been encoded in Unicode. In theory, it is possible to use the letter ge with descender ⟨Ӷ, ӷ⟩ with fonts or adapted applications in which these have the form of this letter, however, it is possible to be in some way approximate it as ge with a combining palatal hook so <Г̡> for uppercase and <г̡> for lowercase. This form is sometimes used instead of .

• Г г : Cyrillic letter Ge
• Ҕ ҕ : Cyrillic letter Ge with middle hook
• Ғ (ghayn)
• Nivkh languages
• Cyrilic script

• Айнана, Л. И.; Наказик, Г. А.; Сигунылик, М. И. (1994). Эскимосский язык: Учебник для 2-го кл (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: отд-ние изд-ва «Просвещение». ISBN 5-09-002367-0. Ainana1994.
• Berdnikov, A.; Lapko, O.; Kolodin, M.; Janishevsky, A. (March 1998). "Alphabets necessary for various Cyrillic writing systems (Towards X2 and T2 Encodings)". Cahiers GUTenberg (28–29): 32–43. doi:10.5802/cg.221.
• Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич (1975). Язык науканских эскимосов (in Russian). Ленинград: Ленинградское отделение издательства «Наука». ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Menovchtchikov1975.
• Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич (1988). Словарь эскимосско-русский и русско-эскимосский (in Russian). Ленинград: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Menovchtchikov1988.
• Меновщиков, Георгий Алексеевич; Вахтин, Николай Борисович (1990). Эскимосский язык (in Russian). Ленинград: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-000157-X. MenovchtchikovVakhtin1990.
• Изучаем нивхский язык (in Russian and Nivkh). Хабаровск. 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Priest, Lorna A. (9 August 2005). Proposal to Encode Additional Cyrillic Characters (PDF).
• Сигунылик, М. И. (1988). Юпигыт улюӈат (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Издательство «Дрофа» Санкт-Петербург. ISBN 5-09-000102-2. Sigunylik2003.
• Таксами, Чунер Михайлович (1996). Словарь нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Просвещение. ISBN 5-09-002269-0.
• Вахтин, Николай Борисович (2003). Эскимосский язык в таблицах (in Russian). Санкт-Петербург: Издательство «Дрофа» Санкт-Петербург. ISBN 978-5-9474-5145-0. Vakhtin2003.

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