Goilalan languages

Goilalan
Goilalan
Wharton Range
Geographic; distribution	Wharton Range, Central Province, Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification	Binanderean–Goilalan Goilalan;
Language codes
	Map: The Goilalan languages of New Guinea The Goilalan languages Trans–New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited

The Goilalan or Wharton Range languages are a language family spoken around the Wharton Range in the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea. They were classified as a branch of the Trans–New Guinea languages by Stephen Wurm (1975), but only tentatively retained there in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005) and removed entirely by Timothy Usher (2020).^[2]

Languages

The languages are,^[2]

Fuyug
Tauade
Northern (Kunimaipa): Biangai, Kunimaipa, Weri

The languages are clearly related, especially northern Biagai, Kunimaipa, and Weri, which might be considered divergent dialects.^{[citation needed]}

Pronouns

Pronouns are:

Northern: 1SG ne, 2SG ni, 3SG pi
Tauade/Fuyug: 1SG na, 2SG nu

Tauade also has the possessive pronouns ne-ve, ni-e.

Vocabulary comparison

The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1973, 1975, 1980), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.^[3]

The words cited constitute translation equivalents, whether they are cognate (e.g. ʒuvalo, kupal'iai for “two”) or not (e.g. gadolo, kepapaí for “ear”). Notice the very low number of cognate pairs.

gloss	Fuyug	Tauade
head	hul ha; ondobe	kɔrɔtɔ
hair	are; hul haluma	awutu
ear	gadolo	kepapaí
eye	hul li; im	tavai
nose	hul hunga; unge	kiːtʰ
tooth	hul usi	nɔtɔvai
tongue	hul asese	aivi
leg	soga	lɔ'vai
louse	hi	dautʰ
dog	ho; oi	kɔveřa
pig	ovo	pɔřu
bird	nemba; nembe	kide
egg	hulombo	mutuwu
blood	tana	il'iví
bone	hude	keniví
skin	hul hoda; ode	kɔtipai
breast	hul duda	data
tree	i'i	eata
man	a'a; an	baře
woman	amu; amuri	iva
sun	evuli	vatava
moon	hama	ɔne
water	ʒu	ipi
fire	oki	e'na·m
stone	zo	evi'ti
road, path	enamba; inambe	bɔřiƀařa
name	ifa	ape'te
eat	huni nene	ɔmei nai
one	fida	kɔne
two	ʒuvalo	kupal'iai

Evolution

Fuyuge reflexes of purported proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:^[4]

baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
sabe ‘saliva’ < *si(mb,p)at
magata ‘mouth, jaw’ < *maŋgat[a]
mele-pila ‘tongue’ < *mele-mbilaŋ
imu ‘eye’ < *(ŋg,k)amu
ije ‘tree’ < *inda

References

^ "New Guinea World, Oro – Wharton Range". Retrieved 2018-01-04.
^ ^a ^b NewGuineaWorld - Wharton Range
^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. doi:10.15144/PL-572. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

[1] "New Guinea World, Oro – Wharton Range". Retrieved 2018-01-04.

[ngw-2] NewGuineaWorld - Wharton Range

[3] Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.

[Pawley-TNG-4] Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

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