A holographic sensor is a device that comprises a hologram embedded in a smart material that detects certain molecules or metabolites.[1] This detection is usually a chemical interaction that is transduced as a change in one of the properties of the holographic reflection (as in the Bragg reflector), either refractive index or spacing between the holographic fringes.[2] The specificity of the sensor can be controlled by adding molecules in the polymer film that selectively interacts with the molecules of interest.
A holographic sensor aims to integrate the sensor component, the transducer and the display in one device for fast reading of molecular concentrations based in colorful reflections or wavelengths.[3]
Certain molecules that mimic biomolecule active sites or binding sites can be incorporated into the polymer that forms the holographic film in order to make the holographic sensors selective and/or sensitive to certain medical important molecules like glucose, etc.
The holographic sensors can be read from a fair distance[quantify] because the transducer element is light that has been refracted and reflected by the holographic grating embedded in the sensor. Therefore, they can be used in industrial applications where non-contact with the sensor is required.
Other applications for holographic sensors are anti-counterfeiting [4]
Metabolites
Some of the metabolites detected by a holographic sensor are:
^Hurtado, J. L. Martinez; Lowe, C. R. (2014). "Ammonia-Sensitive Photonic Structures Fabricated in Nafion Membranes by Laser Ablation". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 6 (11): 8903–8908. doi:10.1021/am5016588. ISSN1944-8244. PMID24803236.
^Blyth, Jeff; Millington, Roger B.; Mayes, Andrew G.; Frears, Emma R.; Lowe, Christopher R. (1996). "Holographic Sensor for Water in Solvents". Analytical Chemistry. 68 (7): 1089–1094. doi:10.1021/ac9509115. ISSN0003-2700. PMID21619138.
^Sartain, Felicity K.; Yang, Xiaoping; Lowe, Christopher R. (2006). "Holographic Lactate Sensor". Analytical Chemistry. 78 (16): 5664–5670. doi:10.1021/ac060416g. ISSN0003-2700. PMID16906709.
^Marshall, Alexander J.; Young, Duncan S.; Blyth, Jeff; Kabilan, Satyamoorthy; Lowe, Christopher R. (2004). "Metabolite-Sensitive Holographic Biosensors". Analytical Chemistry. 76 (5): 1518–1523. doi:10.1021/ac030357w. ISSN0003-2700. PMID14987112.
^Millington, Roger B.; Mayes, Andrew G.; Blyth, Jeff.; Lowe, Christopher R. (1995). "A Holographic Sensor for Proteases". Analytical Chemistry. 67 (23): 4229–4233. doi:10.1021/ac00119a004. ISSN0003-2700.
^AK Yetisen; M Qasim; S Nosheen; TD Wilkinson; CR Lowe (2014). "Pulsed laser writing of holographic nanosensors". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 2 (18): 3569. doi:10.1039/C3TC32507E.
