You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (June 2011) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the Chinese article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 351 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:昆明話]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|zh|昆明話}} to the talk page.
The beginnings of the Kunming dialect are closely linked with the migration of the Han Chinese to Yunnan. The differences between "old" Kunming dialect and the "new" dialect began in the 1940s. In the aftermath of the Second Sino-Japanese War, large numbers of refugees from the north of China and the Jiangnan region fled to Kunming, with profound effects for the politics, economy and culture of the city. This large influx of outsiders also had an influence on the local dialect, which slowly developed into the "new" Kunming dialect.
Learning
The tones, pronunciation, and lexicon are distinct between Northern Mandarin and Kunming dialect.[1]
References
^International Pragmatics Association (2002). Pragmatics: quarterly publication of the International Pragmatics Association, Volume 12. The Association. p. 187. Retrieved 23 September 2011. The differences between Kunming Chinese and the Northern Mandarin (or Mandarin in short, with Beijing dialect as the representative) mainly lie in the tones of words, the tone values of the tones, the lexicon, and the different pronunciations of some words.
(the University of Michigan)
