List of Sephardic Jewish surnames

Sephardic Jews have a diverse repertoire of surnames, with some originating in the Iberian Peninsula before the 1490s expulsions. Others were adopted afterward, either by Marrano families during forced conversions or by those returning to Judaism in their new centers of migration. Additionally, many Sephardic surnames were created or adapted in the countries where they resettled.[1]

Common categories of Sephardic surnames include patronymic surnames, those derived from place names, and terms related to occupations, physical appearance, and other characteristics.

List

A–B

Name Community Early references Later attested in Meaning Notes
Abbas, Abbasi[2] Sephardic[2] Spain (13th century)[2] Turkey[2]
Abenafia[3] Spain (15th century)[3]
Abendana(n), Ibn Dana[3] Sephardic[3] Morocco (13th century)[3] London[3]
Abenmenasse[3] Spain (13th century)[3]
Aben Schoschan[3] Sephardic[3]
Abensour, Abensur[3] Sephardic[3] Spain[3] Morocco,[3] Italy,[3] Amsterdam,[3] Hamburg[3]
Abi-Hasira[3] Moroccan[3] Morocco[3] Syria,[3] Israel[3]
Abitbol[3] Moroccan[3] Morocco[3]
Abu Zimra[3]
Aboab[3] Spain (1263)[3] Holland,[3] Italy,[3] Turkey,[3] Africa[3] and United States[3]
Abravanel (Abarbanel, Abrabanel)[4] Sephardic[4] Historically associated with Davidic lineage[4]
Absaban[4] Ottoman Palestine[4]
Abudarham (Abudaram, Abudaran, Abudarhan, Abudarhen)[4] Spain (13th century)[4]
Abulker[4] Sephardic[4] Italy,[4] Algeria[4]
Abulafia (Abenefeia, Afia, Abolafia, Bolaffi, Bolaffey, Bolaffio)[4] Sephardic[4] Spain (12th century)[4] Italy,[4] Salonica,[4] Safed (16th century),[5] Izmir,[6] Jerusalem (18th century),[6] Gelibolu,[7] Tiberias,[7] Hebron[7]
Abzaradiel[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Adjiman[8] Sephardic[8] Constantinople[8]
Adret[8] Spain (13th century) Smyrna[8]
Aguilar[9] Sephardic[8] Valencia, Spain[8]
Aknin[9] Spain (1150)[9]
Alaish[9] Barcelona, Spain (1391)[9] Tunis,[9] London[9]
Alascar[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Alashkr[9] Sephardic[9] Egypt[9]
Albalia (Abrabalia, Albala, Albalah, Albala)[10] Córdoba, Spain[10] Yugoslavia[10] Said to descend from a noble Judean family of the time of Emperor Titus (70 CE)[10]
Albelda[10] Castille, Spain[10] Turkey[10]
Alhadef[6] Sephardic[6] Rhodes,[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Alfakar[11] Sephardic[11] Spain (12th century)[11] "Potter"[11]
Alfandari[11] Smyrna,[11] Constantinople,[11] Jerusalem,[11] Beirut[11] Derived from a Spanish locality, possibly Alfambra[11] Claims descent from Bezalel of Judah[11]
Albotene[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century),[5] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Alcabez[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Algazi[6] Izmir,[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Algranati[11] Granada, Spain[11] Derived from Granada[11]
Alkalai (Alcalay)[11] Sephardic[11] Italy,[11] Bulgaria,[11] Yugoslavia,[11] Jerusalem (18th century)[6] Derived from Kalai, near Madrid, Spain[11]
Almanzi[11] Italy (1700)[11] Supposedly derived from Almansa, Murcia[11]
Almoli (Almali, Almuli)[12] Arabic for "the one who raises up"[12]
Almosnino[12][13] Aragon, Spain[12] Jerusalem (16th century)[6] Arabic for "orator"[12]
Alnaqua (also Alnequa, Alnakar, Aluncawi, Ankoa)[12] North Africa (as Ankava)[14]
Altaras[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Amarillo[15] Sephardic[15] Salonica,[15] Trikala,[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Amigo[15] Temesvar, Hungary[15]
Ammar[15] Sephardic[15] (14th century)[15] North Africa[15]
Ardit (Arditi, Ardot, Ardut)[15] Aragon, Spain (15th century)[15] Turkey[15]
Arobas[16] Livorno,[16] Maone,[16] Curaçao[16]
Arougheti/Arouguete/Arogueti[16] Rhodes,[16] Izmir,[16] Buenos Aires[16]
Arragel[15] Sephardic[15] Spain (15th century)[15]
Aroeste Monastir,[16] Bulgaria,[16] Rochester,[16] Veuey-Montreux, Chile,[16] Buenos Aires[16]
Asael[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Aseo[6][17] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Asherdies[18] Toledo, Spain (1297)[18]
Atias (Athias, Athia)[19] Ottoman Palestine,[19] Jerusalem (16th century),[6] Italy,[19] Hamburg,[19] Amsterdam,[19] London[19]
(Ibn) Attar[19] Sephardic[19] (14th century)[19] North Africa[19] Arabic for "apotheracy", "spice dealer"
Avila Morocco,[19] Spain (converted to Catholicism)[19]
Ayllon (Aelion, Aylion, Hillion)[20] Sephardic[19] Amsterdam,[19] London,[19] Salonica[19]
Azevedo[20] Sephardic[20] Amsterdam,[20] London,[20] Portugal[20]
Azulay, Azulai[20] Morocco,[20] Italy,[20] England,[20] Palestine[20] Descended from Spanish exiles who settled in Fez[20]
Azriel[20] Girona, Spain (1160)[20] Rumelia,[20] Frankfurt,[20] Vilnius[20]
Behar (Bahar, Bakhar, Bekhar)[21][17] Sephardic[22] Castille, Spain (1492) Istanbul (Turkey),[23] Izmir,[16] Bulgaria,[22] São Paulo,[16] Buenos Aires,[16] Temuco,[16] Monastir,[16] Mexico City,[16] Jerusalem,[23] Ottoman Palestine (19th century)[24] Hebrew acronym of "Ben Kevod Rabbi" (i.e. "son of the honorable Rabbi"); originally used in the form of "(son) Behar (father)"[25][26] Family tradition in Istanbul points to ancestral origins in Zaragoza;[27] see Nissim Behar[23]
Bejerano, Bedjarano[28][29] Sephardic[30] Plovdiv,[16] Sofia,[16] Kizanlik,[16] Ruse,[16] Istanbul,[16] Turkey,[28] Haifa,[16] Ramat Gan,[16] Bucharest,[16] Buenos Aires[16] Derived from Bejar, Spain[30]
Belilhos[31] Amsterdam,[31] Cochin[31]
Belifante[31] Turkey,[31] Amsterdam[31] Descendants of Joseph Cohen Belifante, who fled Portugal for Turkey in 1526[31]
Belisha[31] Juriti,[16] Manaus,[16] Obidos,[16] Belem,[16] Amazonia,[16] Rio De Janeiro,[16] Algiers,[16] Blida,[16] Constantine,[16] Tunis,[16] Tetouan,[16] Mogador-Essaouira,[16] Meknes,[16] Casablanca,[16] Morocco (18th century)[31] Derived from contraction of ben (son of) Elisha[31]
Ben Ezra[5] Sephardic[5] Izmir,[16] Meknes,[16] Fes,[16] Casablanca,[16] Oran,[16] Mascara,[16] Morocco,[16] Safed (16th century)[5]
Ben Forado[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Ben Habib[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Ben Sanchi[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Benveniste[31][6][29] Sephardic[31][6] Narbonne (12th century) Spain,[31] Provence,[31] Middle East,[31] Safed,[5] Bulgaria,[31] Serbia,[31] Vienna,[31] Constantinople,[31] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Benzamero[32] (13th century)[32] Leghorn, Italy[32]
Benzaqen[32] (17th century)[32]
Berab[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Besudo[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Bibago / Bibas / Bibaz[33] (15th century)[33] Morocco[33] Associated with Abraham Bibago[33]
Boton[34] Salonica[34] Emigrated from Spain to Salonica in 1492[34]
Bravo[35] London[35]
Brito / de Brito[36]
Brudo[37] Sephardic[37] Turkey[37] Also recorded as a marrano family[37]
Bueno[38] (16th century)[38] France,[38] Italy,[38] Holland,[38] England,[38] United States[38]
Burla[38] Turkey,[38] Ottoman Palestine[38]
Busal[38] Salonica[38]

C–Z

Name Community Early references Later attested in Meaning Notes
Cabessa[39] Toledo, Spain (13th century)[39] Morocco,[39] United States[39]
Cabret[39] Spain (14th century)[39]
Caceras / Caceras and other variations[39] Mexico,[39] Portugal,[39] Holland,[39] England,[39] Suriname,[39] West Indies, [39]New York,[39] Philadelphia [39] Probably from Cáceres, Spain[39]
Calahora[40] Krakow, Poland[40] Lived in Krakow since the 16th century[40]
Calay[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Caledro[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Camondo[40][6] Sephardic[6] Venice,[40] Constantinople,[40] Jerusalem (18th century),[6] Paris[40]
Cansino[40] Oran (13th century)[40]
Cassuto[41] Sephardic[41] Amsterdam,[41] Hamburg[41]
Carmona[42] Turkey[42] Derived from Carmona, Spain[41]
Caro[41] Sephardic[41][5] Spain (15th century)[41] Turkey,[41] Safed,[5] Russia,[41] Germany,[41] Switzerland,[41] United States[41]
Castro[43] Sephardic[43] Spain and Portugal (15th century)[43] Bordeaux,[43] Bayonne,[43] Hamburg,[43] Amsterdam[43] and Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Chelouche[44] Sephardic[44] Ottoman Palestine[44]
Clava[45] Amsterdam[45]
Cohen (also Kahin, Coffen, Coen, Katz and other variations)[45] Families bearing this name often claim descent from the priestly line originating with Aaron.[45] It is one of the most common Jewish surnames, borne by approximately 2% to 3% of the global Jewish population.[45] The surname has numerous variations, which differ by region and language.[45]
Comtino[46] Turkey[46] see Mordecai Comtino[46]
Conforti, Conforte[46] Salonica,[46] Turkey[46] see David Conforte[46]
Corcos[46] Sephardic[46] Spain (13th century)[46] Italy,[46] Gibraltar,[47] Morocco[47]
Cordova, Cordoba[47] Sephardic[47] Amsterdam,[47] Hamburg[47] Derived from Córdoba, Spain[47]
Cordovero[47] Sephardic[5] Ottoman Palestine[47] (16th-century Safed)[5] see Gedaliah Cordovero,[47] Moses Cordovero
Covo[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Crescas, Cresques[48] Barcelona[48] see Vidal Crescas[48]
Curiel[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Danon[6][49] Sephardic[6][49] Belgrade,[49] Jerusalem (18th century),[6] London,[49] Smyrna,[49] (Turkey),[49] Bosnia[49] see Joseph ibn Danon of Belgrade[49]
Dato[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Davila[50] Sephardic[50] Derived from Ávila, Spain[50]
Falcon[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Galante[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Gaon Vitoria, Spain (15th century)[51]
Gatigno (also Gatinho, Gattegno)[51] Sephardic[51] Spain (14th century)[51] Turkey[51] Derived from Gafines, France[51]
Gavison[51] Sephardic[51] Egypt[51] Family fled from Seville to Granada in 1391[51]
Guedelha[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
da Leiria[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Marhaim[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Masud[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
de Mayo[6] Sephardic[6] Salonica,[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Moreno[52] Bayonne,[52] London,[52] Hamburg,[52] Turkey[52]
Nabon / Navon[53] Turkey[53] (Constantinople),[53] Jerusalem[53]
Nahmias[54] (1112)[54] Jerusalem (16th century)[6] Ancient family of Toledo, Spain[54]
Najara[54][5] Sephardic[5] Algiers,[54] Tunis,[54] Damascus,[54] Gaza,[54] Safed (16th century)[5] Derived from Nájera, Spain[54] see Israel ben Moses Najara[54]
Oliviera[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Palache (Palaggi, Falaji, Pallache)[55] Morocco,[55] Turkey[55] First appeared in Medieval Spain as Palyaj[55]
Pardo[56][6] Sephardic[6] Amsterdam (16th century)[56] Venice,[6] America,[56] Jerusalem (18th century)[6] Derived from prado, Spanish for "Meadow"[56]
Pizanti[6] Sephardic[6] Istanbul,[6] Jerusalem (16th and 18th century)[6]
da la Reina[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Sagues[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Sahalon[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Samanon[6] Sephardic[6] Salonica,[6] Jerusalem (18th century)[6]
Sarfati Sephardic[30] Jerusalem (16th century)[6] Hebrew for "French",[30] used for migrants from northern France[6]
Sarug[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Sasson[57] Sephardic[57] India,[57] England[57] Descended from the Toledan Ibn Shosan family (13th century); claims Davidic descent[57]
Sasportas[57] Oran, Algeria (16th century)[57]
Suarez Egypt[58]
Surujon[5] Sephardic[5] Safed[5]
Toledano (de Toledo)[59] Salonica,[59] Jerusalem,[59] Turkey,[59] Africa,[59] Holland[59] and England.[59]
Torres Spain (15th century)[59] France[59]
de Vidas[5] Sephardic[5] Safed (16th century),[5] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]
Zacuto[6] Sephardic[6] Jerusalem (16th century)[6]

Marrano surnames

Abudiente (Obediente)[4] Sephardic[30] Lisbon (16th century)[4] Amsterdam,[4] Hamburg,[4] London[4] Connected to the surname "Gideon"[4]
Ames[15] London (1521)[15]
Antunyes[14] Portugal[14] Brazil,[14] Amsterdam,[14] Suriname,[14] British West Indies[14]
Barassa[60] Amsterdam[60]
Bargas[60] Spain,[60] France,[60] Italy[60]
Barrios[61] Amsterdam (17th century)[61]
Barrocas[61] Lisbon (1603)[61] Holland[61]
Basurto[62] Spain (17th century)[62] Rouen,[62] Holland[62]
Belmont[31] Descendants of Don Iago y Sampayo, who received Belmonte from King Manuel of Portugal in 1516[31]
(de la) Caballeria / Cavalleria[39] (15th century)[39] Descendants of Solomon ibn Labi de la Caballeria[39]
Carabajal (also Carvajal, Carabal, Caraballo, Caravajal, Carballo, Carbajal, Cavajal)[42] Mexico[42]
Chaves London,[44] Amsterdam[44]
Chirino[44] (15th century)[44]
Coronel[47] Spain,[47] England,[47] Holland,[47] Palestine[47] Mixed early with Ashkenazi families[47]
Correa[47] Portugal,[47] Brussels,[47] Antwerp,[47] Amsterdam[47] see Isabella Correa[47]
Cortissos[47] London,[47] see Jose Cortissos[47]
Costa (also Acosta, Da Costa)[63] Holland,[47] England,[47] Italy[47]
Cota[47] Possibly connected to Costa;[47] see Rodrigo Cota[47]
Curiel, Couriel[48] Netherlands,[48] Hamburg[48] Related to the Najara and Vitoria families[48]
Delgado[48] Related to Cardenas[48]
Guedelha[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Hazan[5] Safed (16th century)[5]
Oliviera[5] Safed (16th century)[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Beider 2014, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 149.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Rottenberg 1986, p. 150.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Rottenberg 1986, p. 151.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn Beider 2023, p. 4.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl Beider 2023, p. 5.
  7. ^ a b c Beider 2023, p. 9.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 152.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rottenberg 1986, p. 153.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 154.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Rottenberg 1986, p. 155.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Rottenberg 1986, p. 156.
  13. ^ Bonnín 1998, p. 355.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 158.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rottenberg 1986, p. 157.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw Faiguenboim, Valadares & Campagnano 2003.
  17. ^ a b Bonnín 1998, p. 356.
  18. ^ a b Rottenberg 1986, p. 160.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rottenberg 1986, p. 161.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Rottenberg 1986, p. 162.
  21. ^ Demsky 2010, p. 88, 91.
  22. ^ a b Demsky 2010, p. 88.
  23. ^ a b c Ben-Naeh 2010, pp. 76, 89, 119.
  24. ^ Beider 2023, p. 7.
  25. ^ Demsky 2010, p. 88, 117.
  26. ^ Beider 2023, p. 13.
  27. ^ Ben-Naeh 2010, p. 119.
  28. ^ a b Demsky 2010, p. 169.
  29. ^ a b Bonnín 1998, p. 357.
  30. ^ a b c d e Demsky 2010, p. 91.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Rottenberg 1986, p. 171.
  32. ^ a b c d e Rottenberg 1986, p. 173.
  33. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, pp. 176–177.
  34. ^ a b c Rottenberg 1986, p. 182.
  35. ^ a b Rottenberg 1986, p. 183.
  36. ^ Rottenberg 1986, p. 184.
  37. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 185.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rottenberg 1986, p. 186.
  39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Rottenberg 1986, p. 187.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rottenberg 1986, p. 188.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rottenberg 1986, p. 190.
  42. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 189.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 191.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 192.
  45. ^ a b c d e f Rottenberg 1986, p. 193.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rottenberg 1986, p. 194.
  47. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Rottenberg 1986, p. 195.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rottenberg 1986, p. 196.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g h Rottenberg 1986, p. 197.
  50. ^ a b c Rottenberg 1986, p. 198.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rottenberg 1986, p. 223.
  52. ^ a b c d e Rottenberg 1986, pp. 294–295.
  53. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 297.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rottenberg 1986, p. 298.
  55. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 306.
  56. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 307.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g Rottenberg 1986, p. 333.
  58. ^ Rottenberg 1986, p. 351.
  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i Rottenberg 1986, p. 357.
  60. ^ a b c d e f Rottenberg 1986, p. 166.
  61. ^ a b c d e Rottenberg 1986, p. 167.
  62. ^ a b c d Rottenberg 1986, p. 168.
  63. ^ Rottenberg 1986, pp. 195, 197.

Bibliography

  • Beider, Alexander (2014). "Perspectives of Jewish Onomastics". International Institute for Jewish Geneogology. 8.
  • Beider, Alexander (2023). "Surnames of Jewish People in the Land of Israel from the Sixteenth Century to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century". Genealogy. 7 (3): 49. doi:10.3390/genealogy7030049.
  • Ben-Naeh, Yaron, ed. (2010). Turkey. Jewish communities in the East in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Ben Zvi Institute, Ministry of Education (Israel).
  • Bonnín, Pere (1998). Sangre judía (in Spanish). Barcelona: Flor del Viento Ediciones.
  • Demsky, Aaron (2010). Pleasant Are Their Names: Jewish Names in the Sephardic Diaspora. Bethesda, Maryland: University Press of Maryland.
  • Faiguenboim, Guilherme; Valadares, Paulo; Campagnano, Anna Rosa (2003). Dicionario Sefaradi De Sobrenomes / Dictionary of Sephardic Surnames. Sao Paulo: Fraiha. ISBN 85-85989-20-3.
  • Rottenberg, Dan (1986). Finding Our Fathers: A Guidebook to Jewish Genealogy (Reprint ed.). Genealogical Publishing Co. ISBN 0806311517.
Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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