List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople
The following is a chronological list of bishops and ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople . The historical data on the first 25 bishops is limited with modern scholars debating their authenticity. The Foundation of the See by Andrew the Apostle is met with similar amounts of skepticism with scholars believing it to be a later tradition.[ a] [ 4] [ 5] [ b]
St. Andrew the Apostle
St. Stachys
St. Onesimus
Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I St. Castinus
Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus St. Metrophanes
St. Alexander
The official title of the bishop became "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch" in the 6th century, but scholars often use the terms "archbishop" and "patriarch" for earlier bishops. The First Council of Constantinople (381) concluded that "the bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honor after the bishop of Rome", while the Council of Chalcedon (451) concluded that "the bishop of New Rome shall enjoy the same privileges as the bishop of Old Rome". Modern scholars use the term "patriarch " after either 381 or 451.[ c] [ 4] Venance Grumel (1958).[ 9] Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire (2015).[ 11]
#
Name
Tenure
Notes
27
St. Alexander
11 May 330 – August 337(7 years and 3 months)
First bishop of Constantinople
28
St. Paul I
337 – 339(2 years)
Deposed and exiledArian controversy )
29
Eusebius of Nicomeda339 – 341(2 years)
Arian ; baptised Constantine I in 337
(28)
Paul I
341 – 342(1 year)
1st restoration; deposed by the Arians
30
Macedonius I 342 – 346(4 years)
Arian and pneumatomachian
(28)
Paul I
346 – 351(5 years)
2nd restoration; exiled and later killed
(30)
Macedonius I
c. September 351 – 27 January 360(8 years, 4 months)
Restored and deposed
31
Eudoxius of Antioch27 January 360 – early 370(10 years)
Arian
32
Demophilus Early 370 – 27 November 380(10 years)
Arian; deposed
33
Evagrius Early 370(a few months)
In opposition to Demophilus; exiled
34
St. Gregory of Nazianzus
c. May 379 – June 381(2 years)
Bishop of the Orthodox; confirmed in 381.
35
Maximus I c. January – May 380(4 months approx.)
In opposition to Gregory; annulled in 381
36
Nectarius June 381 – 27 September 397(16 years and 3 months)
37
St. John Chrysostom
26 September 398 – 20 June 404(5 years, 9 months and 6 days)
Exiled; died 14 September 407.
38
St. Arsacius
27 June 404 – 11 November 405(1 year, 4 months and 15 days)
39
St. Atticus
March 406 – 10 October 425(9 years and 7 months)
40
St. Sisinnius I
28 February 426 – 24 December 427(1 year, 10 months and 25 days)
41
Nestorius 10 April 428 – 11 July 431(3 years, 3 months and 1 day)
Founder of Nestorianism ; exiled
42
St. Maximianus
25 October 431 – 12 April 434(2 years, 5 months and 18 days)
43
St. Proclus
13 April 434 – 12 July 446(12 years and 3 months)
44
St. Flavian
July 446 – 11 August 449(3 years and 1 month)
During the 16th session of the Council of Chalcedon (October–November 451), also known as the Fourth Ecumenical Council , a resolution was passed elevating the See of Constantinople to a status equal to Rome in ecclesiastical matters, granting it second place after Rome.[ 12] Pope Leo I and the Western church; however, it was largely accepted in the East, becoming known as Canon 28. This canon would later become the foundation of the Pentarchy of patriarchates.
#
Name
Tenure
Notes
45
St. Anatolius
November 449 – 3 July 458(8 years and 8 months)
46
St. Gennadius
August 458 – 20 November 471(13 years and 3 months)
47
Acacius February 472 – 26 November 489(17 years and 9 months)
48
Fravitta December 488 – March 489(3 months)
49
Euphemius c. April 490 – c. June 496(6 years and ~2 months)
Deposed and exiled; died c. 515
50
St. Macedonius II
July 496 – 11 August 511(15 years and 1 month)
Deposed and exiled; died c. 516
51
Timothy I October 511 – 5 April 518(6 years and 6 months)
52
St. John of Cappadocia
17 April 518 – February 520(1 year and 10 months)
53
Epiphanius 25 February 520 – 5 June 535(15 years, 3 months and 10 days)
54
Anthimus I June 535 – March 536(9 months)
Deposed, died in 548
55
St. Menas
13 March 536 – 25 August 552(16 years, 5 months and 11 days)
56
St. Eutychius
August 552 – 22/31 January 565(2 years and 5 months)
Deposed
57
St. John Scholasticus
31 January 565 – 31 August 577(12 years and 7 months)
(56)
Eutychius
3 October 577 – 5 April 582(4 years, 6 months and 2 days)
Restored
58
St. John IV
12 April 582 – 2 September 595(13 years, 4 months and 10 days)
First to use the title "Ecumenical "
59
St. Cyriacus II
c. February 596 – 29 October 606(10 years and 8 months)
60
St. Thomas I
23 January 607 – 21 March 610(3 years, 3 months less 2 days)
61
Sergius I 18 April 610 – 9 December 638(28 years, 7 months and 21 days)
62
Pyrrhus 20 December 638 – 29 September 641(2 years, 9 months and 9 days)
Monothelite ; deposed
63
Paul II 1 October 641 – 27 December 653(12 years, 2 months and 26 days)
(62)
Pyrrhus
9 January – 1 June 654(4 months and 23 days)
Second term
64
Peter 9 June 654 – 12 October 666(12 years, 4 months and 3 days)
65
St. Thomas II
17 April 667 – 15 November 669(2 years, 7 months less 2 days)
66
St. John V
November 669 – August 675(5 years and 9 months)
67
St. Constantine I
2 September 675 – 9 August 677(1 year, 11 months and 7 days)
68
St. Theodore I
c. August 677 – November 679(2 years and 3 months)
Deposed; died in 687
69
St. George I
c. November 679 – January 686(6 years and 2 months)
Perhaps deposed
(68)
Theodore I
c. January 686 – 28 December 687(1 year and 11 months months)
70
St. Paul III
January 688 – 20 August 693(5 years and 7 months)
71
St. Callinicus I
August 693 – August 705(12 years)
Exiled to Rome; died in November 711
72
St. Kyros
September 705 – December 711(6 years and 3 months)
Deposed
73
John VI December 712 – July 715(2 years and 7 months)
Monothelite
74
St. Germanus I
11 August 715 – 17 January 730(2 years, 5 months and 6 days)
Resigned; died in 742
75
Anastasius 22 January 730 – January 754(14 years)
Iconoclast (see Byzantine Iconoclasm )
76
Constantine II 8 August 754 – 30 August 766(12 years and 22 days)
Iconoclast; deposed,
77
Nicetas I 16 November 766 – 6 February 780(13 years, 3 months and 20 days)
Iconoclast
78
St. Paul IV the New
20 February 780 – 31 August 784(4 years, 6 months and 11 days)
79
St. Tarasios
25 December 784 – 18 February 806(21 years, 2 months and 24 days)
#
Portrait
Name
Tenure
Notes
80
St. Nicephorus I
12 April 806 – 13 March 815(8 years, 11 months and 1 day)
Exiled; died in 828,
81
Theodotus I Melissenos Kassiteras
1 April 815 – c. January 821(5 years and 9 months)
Iconoclast
82
Antony I c. January 821 – January 837(16 years)
Iconoclast
83
John VII 21 January 836 – 4 March 843(7 years, 1 month, 14 days)
Iconoclast; deposed
84
St. Methodius I
11 March 843 – 14 June 847(4 years, 3 months and 3 days)
85
St. Ignatius
4 July 847 – 23 October 858(11 years, 3 months and 20 days)
Son of Emperor Michael I Rangabe ;
86
St. Photius I
25 December 858 – 23 September 867(8 years, 9 months less 2 days)
Maternal nephew of Patriarch John VII and great-grandnephew of Patriarch Tarasios;
(85)
Ignatius
23 November 867 – 23 October 877(9 years and 11 months)
Restored
(86)
Photius I
26 October 877 – 29/30 September 886(8 years, 11 months and 4 days)
Deposed; died c. 893
87
St. Stephen I
18 December 886 – 18 May 893(7 years and 5 months)
Son of Emperor Basil I ;
88
St. Antony II
August 893 – 12 February 901(7 years and 6 months)
89
St. Nicholas I
1 March 901 – 1 February 907(5 years and 11 months)
Deposed
90
St. Euthymius I
February 907 – 15 May 912(5 years and 3 months)
(89)
Nicholas I
15 May 912 – 15 May 925(13 years)
Restored;
91
St. Stephen II
29 June 925 – 18 July 927(2 years and 19 days)
92
St. Tryphon
14 December 927 – August 931(3 years and 8 months)
Deposed
93
Theophylact 2 February 933 – 27 February 956(23 years and 25 days)
Son of Emperor Romanos I
94
St. Polyeuctus
3 April 956 – 5 February 970(13 years, 10 months and 2 days)
95
Basil I 13 February 970 – c. October 973(3 years and 8 months)
Exiled
96
Antony III December 973 – June 978(4 years and 6 months)
Resigned; died in 983
97
St. Nicholas II
April 980 – 16 December 991(11 years and 8 months)
98
Sisinnius II 12 April 996 – 24 August 998(2 years, 4 months and 12 days)
99
St. Sergius II
June/July 1001 – July 1019(18 years)
Relative of Patriarch Photius I;
100
St. Eustathius
July 1019 – November 1025(6 years and 4 months)
101
Alexius 15 December 1025 – 20 February 1043(17 years, 2 months and 5 days)
102
Michael I 25 March 1043 – 2 November 1058(15 years, 7 months and 8 days)
Exiled;
In 1054, the Eastern Orthodox Church cut ties to the Roman Catholic Church as a result of the Great East–West Schism .
This page of the iconodule Chludov Psalter gall to eat, and when I was thirsty they gave me vinegar to drink" with a picture of a soldier offering Christ vinegar on a sponge attached to a pole. Patriarch John VII of Constantinople is depicted rubbing out a painting of Christ with a similar sponge attached to a pole. John VII is caricatured, here as on other pages, with untidy straight hair sticking out in all directions, which was considered ridiculous by the Byzantines.
#
Name
Tenure
Notes
103
St. Constantine III
2 February 1059 – 9/10 August 1063(4 years, 6 months and 8 days)
104
St. John VIII
1 January 1064 – 2 August 1075(11 years, 7 months and 1 day)
Deposed
105
St. Cosmas I
2 August 1075 – 8 May 1081(5 years and 9 months)
Resigned, died c. 1082
106
Eustratius II 8 May 1081 – July 1084(3 years and 2 months)
Resigned
107
Nicholas III August 1084 – April 1111(26 years and 8 months)
108
John IX 24 May 1111 – late April 1134(22 years and 11 months)
109
St. Leo
May 1134 – 12 January 1143 (8 years and 8 months)
110
St. Michael II
July 1143 – March 1146(2 years and 8 months)
Resigned
111
Cosmas II April 1146 – 26 February 1147(10 months)
Deposed
112
Nicholas IV December 1147 – March/April 1151(3 years and 3/4 months)
Resigned, died in 1152
113
Theodotus II [ d] 1151 – 1153(2 years and 6 months)
Chronology uncertain [ e]
114
Neophytus I 1154 (?)(a few weeks)
Resigned after less than a month
115
Constantine IV November 1154 – May 1157 (2 years and 6 months)
116
Luke August/October 1157 – late 1169(12 years)
117
Michael III January 1170 – March 1178 (8 years and 2 months)
118
Chariton March/August 1178 – February/July 1179(11 months)
Died after eleven months
119
Theodosius I February/July 1179 – August 1183(4 years)
Exiled
120
Basil II August 1183 – February 1186(2 years and 6 months)
Deposed
121
Nicetas II February 1186 – February 1189(3 years)
Deposed
122
Dositheus February 1189(9 days)[ 13]
Election annulled;
123
Leontius March – October 1189(7 months)
Deposed
(122)
Dositheus
October 1189 – 10 September 1191(1 year and 11 months)
Restored
124
George II 10 September 1191 – 7 July 1198(6 years, 10 months less 3 days)
Relative of Patriarch John VIII
125
John X 5 August 1198 – 12 April 1204(5 years, 8 months and 7 days)
Relative of Patriarch Basil II
On 12 April 1204, the Fourth Crusade sacked and conquered Constantinople . The Crusaders established their own line of Catholic patriarchs in the city, while the former Orthodox patriarch John X fled in exile to Thrace . John X died in Thrace in the spring of 1206.[ 14]
After 1204, various Byzantine warlords struggled to establish their legitimacy and sought to reconquer Constantinople. One of the major contenders, Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea , sought legitimacy through religion. He invited John X to Nicaea, though the deposed patriarch refused the invitation up until his death.[ 14] Pope Innocent III in hopes of authorizing Orthodox clerics to elect a new Orthodox patriarch and seeking recognition of himself as the supreme head of the Orthodox community, though both requests were ignored by the pope.[ 15] Michael IV of Constantinople , who in turn formally crowned Laskaris as emperor.[ 16] [ 17]
Constantinople was captured by the Empire of Nicaea on 25 July 1261. The Emperor and his court arrived to Constantinople the next month. The Latin (Catholic) Patriarchate of Constantinople continued in exile until 1964.
#
Name
Tenure
Notes
(133)
St. Arsenius
15 August 1261 – May/June 1264(2 years and 9/10 months)
Deposed; died on 30 September 1273
135
Germanus III 28 May 1265 – 14 September 1266(1 year, 3 months and 17 days)
Resigned
136
St. Joseph I
1 January 1266[ g] (8 years and 8 days)
Deposed; died 1283
137
John XI 2 June 1275[ h] (7 years, 6 months and 24 days)
Deposed; died 1297
(136)
Joseph I
31 December 1282 – 23 March 1283(2 months and 23 days)
Restored
138
Gregory II 11 April 1283 – June 1289(6 years and 2 months)
Resigned; died 1290
139
St. Athanasius I
14 October 1289 – 16 October 1293(4 years and 2 days)
Resigned
140
John XII 1 January 1294 – 21 June 1303(9 years, 6 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(139)
St. Athanasius I
23 June 1303 – c. September 1309(6 years and 3 months)
Restored; resigned
141
Nephon I 9 May 1310 – 11 April 1314(3 years, 11 months and 2 days)
Deposed; died 3 September 1328
142
John XIII 12 May 1315 – 11 May 1319(4 years lacking 1 day)
Resigned
143
Gerasimus I 21 March 1320 – 20 April 1321(1 year and 30 days)
144
Isaias 11 November 1323 – December 1327(4 years and 1 month) (4 years lacking 19 days)
Deposed by Emperor Andronikos II ; restored by Emperor Andronikos III
145
John XIV February 1334 – 2 February 1347(13 years)
Deposed; died 29 December 1347 (aged 65)
146
Isidore I 17 May 1347 – February/March 1350(2 years and 9/10 months)
147
St. Callistus I
10 June 1350 – 15 August 1353(3 years, 2 months and 5 days)
Deposed
148
Philotheus I August 1353 – December 1354(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed
(147)
Callistus I
January 1355 – August 1363(8 years and 7 months)
Restored; died in August 1363
(148)
Philotheus I
8 February 1364 – c. August 1376(12 years and 6 months)
Deposed after the coup ofAndronikos IV Palaiologos ; died in 1379
149
Macarius c. June 1377 – July 1379(2 years and 1 month)
Deposed after theJohn V Palaiologos
150
Nilus March/April 1380 – 1 February 1388(7 years and 10/11 months)
151
Antony IV January 1389 – July 1390(1 year and 6 months)
Deposed
(149)
Macarius
30 July – late September 1390(2 months or less)
Deposed after the fall of John VII Palaiologos
(151)
Antony IV
c. September 1390 – May 1397(6 years and 8 months)
Restored
152
St. Callistus II
17 May – c. August 1397(3 months)
153
Matthew I October 1397 – summer 1402(4 years and a half) (7 years and 2 months)
Deposed in the absence ofManuel II Palaiologos ; restored on his return
154
Euthymius II 26 October 1410 – 29 March 1416(5 years, 5 months and 3 days)
155
Joseph II 21 May 1416 – 10 June 1439(23 years, 1 month and 20 days)
156
Metrophanes II 4 May 1440 – 1 August 1443(3 years, 2 months and 27 days)
157
Gregory III summer 1445 – summer 1450(5 years)
Deposed; died in 1459
158
Athanasius II summer 1450 – 1453(3 years)
Existence contested
On 29 May 1453 Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks , thus marking the end of the Byzantine Empire . The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople became subject to the Ottoman Empire .
According to Kiminas (2009):[ 4]
161. Joasaph I Gennadius II , April 1463 – June 1463
162. Sophronius I Gennadius II , August 1464 – autumn 1465
163. Mark II
164. Symeon I
According to Laurent (1968):[ 18]
161. Joasaph I , April 1462 – April 1463
Gennadius II , April 1463 – May 1463
162. Sophronius I , May 1463 – July 1464
Gennadius II , August 1464 – autumn 1465
163. Symeon I , autumn 1465
164. Mark II , early 1466 – autumn 1466
According to Gemanos of Sardeis (1933–1938):[ 19]
Gennadius II , summer 1462 – summer 1463161. Sophronius I , August 1463 – August 1464
Gennadius II , August 1464 – autumn 1464
162. Joasaph I , early 1465 – early 1466
163. Mark II , early 1466 – mid-1466
164. Symeon I , mid-1466 – late 1466
The chronology up to the year 1595 is somewhat disputed by authors.
#
Name
Tenure
Notes
165
St. Dionysius I
late 1466 – late 1471(5 years)
Resigned; died 1492
(164)
Symeon I (2nd time)
late 1471 – early 1475(3 years)
Restored; resigned
166
Raphael I early 1475 – early 1476(1 year)
Deposed and imprisoned
167
St. Maximus III
1476 – 3 April 1482(6 years or less)
(164)
Symeon I (3rd time)
April 1482 – autumn 1486(4 years)
168
St. Nephon II
late 1486 – early 1488(1 year+)
Deposed
(165)
Dionysius I (2nd time)
July 1488 – late 1490(2 years+)
Restored; resigned
169
Maximus IV 1491–1497(6 years)
(168)
Nephon II (2nd time)
1497–1498(1 year)
Resigned
170
Joachim I 1498–1502(4 years)
Deposed
(168)
Nephon II (3rd time)
1502(briefly)
Deposed; died 11 August 1508
171
Pachomius I 1503–1504(1 year)
Deposed
(170)
Joachim I (2nd time)
1504(briefly)
(171)
Pachomius I (2nd time)
1504–1513(9 years)
172
Theoleptus I Mid-1513 – December 1522(9 years)
173
St. Jeremias I
31 Dec 1522 – April/May 1524(1 year and 4/5 months)
Deposed
174
Joannicius I April/May 1524 – 24 September 1525(1 year and 4/5 months)
Deposed
(173)
Jeremias I (2nd time)
24 September 1525 – 13 January 1546(20 years, 3 months and 20 days)
175
Dionysius II 17 April 1546 – July 1556(10 years and 3 months)
176
Joasaph II July/August 1556 – 15 January 1565(8 years and 5 months)
Deposed
177
Metrophanes III January/February 1565 – 4 May 1572(7 years and 2/3 months)
Resigned
178
Jeremias II 5 May 1572 – 23 November 1579(7 years, 6 months and 18 days)
Resigned
(177)
Metrophanes III (2nd time)
25 November 1579 – 9 August 1580(8 months and 15 days)
(178)
Jeremias II (2nd time)
August 1580 – 22 February 1584(7 years and 6 months)
Deposed and exiled
179
Pachomius II 22 February 1584 – February 1585(1 year lacking a few days)
Deposed
180
Theoleptus II 16 February 1585 – May 1586(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed
(178)
Jeremias II (3rd time)
April 1587 – September 1595(8 years and 5 months)
Deposed
181
Matthew II February 1596(20 days)
Deposed
182
Gabriel I March – August 1596[ i] (5 months)
183
Theophanes I February 1597 – 26 March 1597(6 months)
184
Meletius I c. 30 March 1597 – March 1598(11 months)
Greek Patriarch of Alexandria ; resigned;
(181)
Matthew II (2nd time)
April 1598 – January 1602(3 years and 9 months)
Restored and resigned
185
Neophytus II c. February 1602 – January 1603(about 11 months)
Deposed and exiled
(181)
Matthew II (3rd time)
January – early February 1603(17 days)
Died after 17 days
186
Raphael II February 1603 – October 1607(4 years and 8 months)
Resigned; died a few months later
(185)
Neophytus II (2nd time)
15 October 1607 – October 1612(5 years)
Deposed and exiled
187
Cyril I October 1612(21 days)
Greek Patriarch of Alexandria ; resigned
188
Timothy II November 1612 – 3 September 1620(7 years and 10 months)
(187)
Cyril I (2nd time)
4 November 1620 – 12 April 1623(2 years, 5 months and 8 days)
Deposed
189
Gregory IV 12 April – 18 June 1623(2 months and 6 days)
Deposed and exiled
190
Anthimus II 18 June – 22 September 1623 (3 months and 4 days)
Resigned
(187)
Cyril I (3rd time)
22 September 1623 – 4 Oct 1633(10 years and 12 days)
Deposed
191
Cyril II 4 – 11 October 1633(7 days)
Deposed and exiled after a week; 3rdGabriel II )
(187)
Cyril I (4th time)
11 October 1633 – 25 February 1634(10 years and 12 days)
Deposed
192
Athanasius III 25 February – early April 1634(1 month and a few days)
Deposed
(187)
Cyril I (5th time)
April 1634 – March 1635(11 months)
Deposed
(191)
Cyril II (2nd time)
March 1635 – June 1636(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed and exiled
193
Neophytus III June 1636 – March 1637(9 months)
Resigned
(187)
Cyril I (6th time)
March 1637 – 20 June 1638(1 year and 3 months)
Deposed and killed by theJanissaries on 27 June 1638 (aged 66)
(191)
Cyril II (3rd time)
20 June 1638 – late June 1639(1 year)
Deposed and exiled;
194
Parthenius I 1 July 1639 – 8 September 1644(5 years)
Deposed and exiled
195
Parthenius II 8 September 1644 – 16 November 1646(2 years, 2 months and 8 days)
Deposed and exiled
196
Joannicius II 16 November 1646 – 28 October 1648(1 year, 11 months and 12 days)
Deposed
(195)
Parthenius II (2nd time)
29 October 1648 – 16 May 1651(2 years, 6 months and 18 days)
Killed by the Janissaries
(196)
Joannicius II (2nd time)
June 1651 – June 1652(1 year)
Deposed
197
Cyril III June 1652(8 days)
Deposed and exiled; shortest patriarchate
(192)
Athanasius III (2nd time)
June 1652(15 days)
Resigned; died on 5 April 1654;
198
Paisius I July 1652 – April 1653(9 months)
Resigned
(196)
Joannicius II (3rd time)
April 1653 – March 1654(11 months)
Deposed
(197)
Cyril III (2nd time)
March 1654(14 days)
Deposed and exiled again
(198)
Paisus I (2nd time)
March 1654 – March 1655(1 year)
Deposed
(196)
Joannicius II (4th time)
March 1655 – July 1656(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed; died in 1660
199
St. Parthenius III
26 July 1656 – 24 March 1657(8 months)
Executed
200
Gabriel II 23 – 30 April 1657(7 days)
Deposed; killed on 3 December 1659;Cyril II )
201
Parthenius IV 1 May 1657 – June 1662(5 years and 1 month)
Resigned
202
Dionysius III 29 June 1662 – 21 October 1665(4 years, 3 months and 22 days)
Deposed, died on 28 August 1696
(201)
Parthenius IV (2nd time)
21 October 1665 – 9 September 1667(1 year, 10 months and 19 days)
Deposed and exiled
203
Clement 9 September 1667 – 5 January 1668(3 months and 27 days)
Bought the position of patriarch;
204
Methodius III 5 January 1668 – March 1671(3 years and 2 months)
Resigned
(201)
Parthenius IV (3rd time)
March – 7 September 1671(6 months)
Deposed and exiled
205
Dionysius IV 8 November 1671 – 25 July 1673(1 year, 8 years and 17 days)
Deposed
206
Gerasimus II 25 July 1673 – December 1674(1 year and 5 months)
Deposed; died 6 February 1689
(201)
Parthenius IV (4th time)
1 January 1675 – 29 July 1676(1 year, 6 months and 28 days)
Deposed
(205)
Dionysius IV (2nd time)
29 July 1676 – 30 July 1679(3 years and 1 day)
Deposed
207
Athanasius IV 30 July – 10 August 1679(11 days)
Deposed and exiled
208
James 10 August 1679 – 30 July 1682(2 years, 11 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(205)
Dionysius IV (3rd time)
10 July 1682 – 30 March 1684(1 year, 8 months and 20 days)
Resigned
(201)
Parthenius IV (5th time)
10 March 1684 – 20 March 1685(1 year and 10 days)
Resigned
(208)
James (2nd time)
20 March 1685 – March 1686(1 year)
Deposed
(205)
Dionysius IV (4th time)
March 1686 – 17 October 1687(1 year and 7 months)
Deposed
(208)
James (3rd time)
12 October 1687 – 3 March 1688(4 months and 22 days)
Resigned; died March 1690
209
Callinicus II 3 March – 27 November 1688(8 months and 24 days)
Deposed
210
Neophytus IV 27 November 1688 – 7 March 1689(3 months and 10 days)
Deposed
(209)
Callinicus II (2nd time)
7 March 1689 – July 1693(4 years and 4 months)
Deposed
(205)
Dionysius IV (5th time)
August 1693 – April 1694(8 months)
Deposed; died 23 September 1696
(209)
Callinicus II (3rd time)
April 1694 – 8 August 1702(8 years and 4 months)
211
Gabriel III 29 August 1702 – 25 October 1707(5 years and 2 months)
212
Neophytus V 20 – 25 October 1707(5 days)
2nd shortest patriarchate; not recognized
213
Cyprianus 25 October 1707 – May 1709(2 years)
Deposed and exiled
214
Athanasius V May 1709 – 4 December 1711(2 years and 7 months)
Resigned
215
Cyril IV December 1711 – November 1713(1 year and 11 months)
Resigned; died 1728
(213)
Cyprianus (2nd)
November 1713 – 28 February 1714(3 months)
Resigned
216
Cosmas III 28 February 1714 – 23 March 1716(2 years and 24 days)
Resigned; died 28 Nov 1736
217
Jeremias III 23 March 1716 – 19 November 1726(10 years, 8 months and 27 days)
Deposed and exiled
218
Callinicus III 19 – 20 November 1726(1 day)
Shortest patriarchate; died the day after
219
Paisius II 20 November 1726 – September 1732(5 years and 10 months)
Deposed and exiled
(217)
Jeremias III (2nd time)
15 September 1732 – March 1733(6 months)
Deposed and exiled; died October 1735
220
Seraphim I March 1733 – September 1734(1 year and 6 months)
Deposed and exiled
221
Neophytus VI 27 September 1734 – August 1740(5 years and 11 months)
Deposed
(219)
Paisius II (2nd time)
August 1740 – May 1743(2 years and 9 months)
Deposed
(221)
Neophytus VI (2nd time)
May 1743 – March 1744(11 months)
Deposed and exiled;
(219)
Paisius II (3rd time)
March 1744 – 28 September 1748(4 years and 6 months)
Resigned
222
Cyril V 28 September 1748 – May 1751(2 years and 8 months)
Deposed
(219)
Paisius II (4th time)
May 1751 – September 1752(1 year and 4 months)
Deposed;
(222)
Cyril V (2nd time)
7 September 1752 – 16 January 1757(4 years, 4 months and 9 days)
Deposed and exiled;
223
Callinicus IV 16 January – 22 July 1757(6 months and 6 days)
Deposed and exiled;
224
Seraphim II 22 July 1757 – 26 March 1761(3 years, 8 months and 4 days)
Deposed and exiled;
225
Joannicius III 26 March 1761 – 21 May 1763(2 years, 4 months and 27 days)
Deposed and exiled
226
Samuel 24 May 1763 – 5 November 1768(5 years, 5 months and 12 days)
Deposed and exiled
227
Meletius II 5 November 1768 – 11 April 1769(5 months and 6 days)
Imprisoned, then deposed and exiled
228
Theodosius II 11 April 1769 – 16 November 1773(4 years, 7 months and 5 days)
Deposed
(226)
Samuel (2nd time)
17 November 1773 – 24 December 1774(1 year, 1 month and 7 days)
Deposed;
229
Sophronius II 24 December 1774 – 8 October 1780(5 years, 9 months and 15 days)
Former Patriarch of Jerusalem
230
Gabriel IV 8 October 1780 – 29 June 1785(4 years, 8 months and 21 days)
231
Procopius 29 June 1785 – 30 April 1789(3 years, 10 months and 1 day)
Deposed and exiled;
232
Neophytus VII 1 May 1789 – 1 March 1794(4 years and 10 months)
Deposed and exiled
233
Gerasimus III 3 March 1794 – 19 April 1797(3 years, 1 month and 16 days)
Resigned
234
St. Gregory V
19 April 1797 – 18 December 1798(1 year, 7 months and 29 days)
Deposed and exiled
(232)
Neophytus VII (2nd time)
19 December 1798 – 17 June 1801(2 years, 5 months and 29 days)
Deposed and exiled
235
Callinicus V 17 June 1801 – 22 September 1806(5 years, 3 months and 5 days)
Resigned
(234)
Gregory V (2nd time)
23 September 1806 – 10 September 1808(2 years lacking 13 days)
Resigned
(235)
Callinicus V (2nd time)
10 September 1808 – 23 April 1809(7 months and 13 days)
Deposed
236
Jeremias IV 23 April 1809 – 4 March 1813(4 years and 11 days)
Resigned; died 5 March 1824
237
Cyril VI 4 March 1813 – 13 December 1818(5 years, 9 months and 9 days)
Executed on 18 April 1821, aged 46Greek War of Independence )
(234)
Gregory V (3rd time)
14 December 1818 – 10 April 1821(2 years, 2 months and 27 days)
Deposed and executed;
238
Eugenius II 10 April 1821 – 27 July 1822(1 year, 3 months and 17 days)
Greece, which was recognized as an independent country in 1830, adopted the modern Gregorian calendar in 1923, followed by Turkey in 1926. The difference between the Gregorian and Julian calendars is of 12 days, meaning that some sources may give a different date depending on the calendar used (see also Old Style and New Style dates ). The list follows the Julian dates used at the time in Greece and the Ottoman Empire.
#
Portrait
Name
Tenure
Notes
Lifespan
239
Anthimus III Άνθιμος Γ΄
28 July 1822 – 9 July 1824(1 year, 11 months and 11 days)
Deposed and exiled
† 13 August 1842
240
Chrysanthus Χρύσανθος
9 July 1824 – 26 September 1826(6 years, 2 months and 18 days)
Deposed and exiled
1768 – 10 September 1834(aged 66)
241
Agathangelus Αγαθάγγελος
26 September 1826 – 5 July 1830(3 years, 7 months and 10 days)
Deposed and exiled
† 30 November 1831
242
Constantius I Κωνστάντιος Α΄
6 July 1830 – 18 August 1834(4 years, 1 month and 12 days)
Resigned
1770 – 5 January 1859(aged 89)
On 23 July 1833, the Church of Greece declared itself autocephalous . It was followed by the Romanian Orthodox Church in 1864, the Bulgarian Exarchate in 1872, and the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1879, thus reducing the territorial extent of the Ecumenical Patriarchate 's jurisdiction.
#
Portrait
Name
Tenure
Notes
Lifespan
243
–
Constantius II Κωνστάντιος Β΄
18 August 1834 – 26 September 1835(1 year, 1 month and 8 days)
Deposed
1780 – 17 June 1859(aged 79)
244
Gregory VI Γρηγόριος ΣΤ΄
27 September 1835 – 20 February 1840(4 years, 4 months and 24 days)
Deposed
1798 – 8 June 1881(aged 83)
245
Anthimus IV Άνθιμος Δ΄
20 February 1840 – 6 May 1841(1 year, 2 months and 16 days)
Deposed
1788 – 1878(aged 90)
246
–
Anthimus V Άνθιμος Ε΄
6 May 1841 – 12 June 1842(1 year, 1 month and 6 days )
–
† 12 June 1842
247
Germanus IV Γερμανός Δ΄
14 June 1842 – 18 April 1845(2 years, 10 months and 4 days)
Deposed
1788 – 16 September 1853(aged 65)
248
–
Meletius III Μελέτιος Γ΄
18 April – 28 November 1845(7 months and 10 days)
–
1772 – 28 November 1845(aged 73)
249
Anthimus VI Άνθιμος ΣΤ΄
4 December 1845 – 18 October 1848(2 years, 10 months and 14 days)
Deposed
1782 – 1878(aged 96)
(245)
Anthimus IV 18 October 1848 – 30 October 1852(4 years and 12 days)
Deposed
1788 – 1878(aged 90)
(247)
Germanus IV 1 November 1852 – 16 September 1853(10 months and 15 days)
–
1788 – 16 September 1853(aged 65)
(249)
Anthimus VI 24 September 1853 – 21 September 1855(1 year, 11 months and 28 days)
Deposed
1782 – 1878(aged 96)
250
Cyril VII Κύριλλος Ζ΄
21 September 1855 – 1 July 1860(4 years, 9 months and 10 days )
Deposed
1800 – 13 March 1872(aged 72)
251
Joachim II Ιωακείμ Β΄
4 October 1860 – 9 July 1863(2 years, 9 months and 5 days)
Deposed
1802 – 4 August 1878(aged 76)
252
Sophronius III Σωφρόνιος Γ΄
20 September 1863 – 4 December 1866(3 years, 2 months and 14 days)
Resigned
1802 – 22 August 1899(aged 97)
(244)
Gregory VI 10 February 1867 – 10 June 1871(4 years and 4 months)
Resigned
1798 – 8 June 1881(aged 83)
(249)
Anthimus VI 5 September 1871 – 30 September 1873(2 years and 25 days)
Resigned
1782 – 18 October 1878(aged 96)
(251)
Joachim II 23 November 1873 – 4 August 1878(4 years, 8 months and 12 days)
1802 – 4 August 1878(aged 76)
253
Joachim III Ιωακείμ Γ΄
4 October 1878 – 30 March 1884(5 years, 5 months and 26 days)
Resigned
30 January 1834 –(aged 78)
254
Joachim IV Ιωακείμ Δ΄
1 October 1884 – 14 November 1886(2 years, 1 month and 11 days)
Resigned
5 July 1837 – 15 February 1887(aged 50)
255
Dionysius V Διονύσιος Ε΄
4 February 1887 – 25 August 1891(4 years, 6 months and 21 days)
22 March 1820 –(aged 71)
256
Neophytus VIII Νεόφυτος Η΄
8 November 1891 – 6 November 1894(2 years, 11 months and 29 days)
Resigned
1832 – 18 July 1909(aged 77)
257
Anthimus VII Άνθιμος Ζ΄
1 February 1895 – 29 January 1897(1 year, 11 months and 28 days)
Resigned
1827 – 5 December 1913(aged 86)
258
Constantine V Κωνσταντίνος Ε΄
14 April 1897 – 9 April 1901(3 years, 11 months and 26 days)
Deposed
11 January 1833 –(aged 81)
(253)
Joachim III 25 May 1901 – 13 November 1912(11 years, 5 months and 19 days)
30 January 1834 – 30 November 1912(aged 78)
259
Germanus V Γερμανός Ε΄
10 February 1913 – 25 October 1918(5 years, 8 months and 15 days)
Resigned
6 December 1835 –(aged 85)
260
Meletius IV Μελέτιος Δ΄
8 December 1918 –(4 years, 9 months and 12 days)
Resigned,Archbishop of Athens andGreek Patriarch of Alexandria
21 September 1871 –(aged 64)
On 24 July 1923, the Ottoman Empire was dissolved and replaced by the Republic of Turkey .
#
Picture
Name
Tenure
Notes
Lifespan
261
Gregory VII Γρηγόριος Ζ΄
6 December 1923 – 17 November 1924(11 months and 11 days)
21 September 1850 – 17 November 1924(aged 74)
262
Constantine VI Κωνσταντίνος ΣΤ΄
17 December 1924 – 22 May 1925(5 months and 5 days)
Resigned after beingdeported to Greece
1859 – 28 November 1930(aged 71)
263
Basil III Βασίλειος Γ'
13 July 1925 – 29 September 1929(4 years, 2 months and 16 days)
1846 – 29 September 1929(aged 83)
264
–
Photius II Φώτιος Β'
7 October 1929 – 29 December 1935(6 years, 2 months and 22 days)
1874 – 29 December 1935(aged 61)
265
Benjamin I [ j] Βενιαμίν
18 January 1936 – 17 February 1946(10 years and 30 days )
18 January 1871 – 17 February 1946(aged 75)
266
–
Maximus V Μάξιμος Ε'
20 February 1946 – 19 October 1948(2 years, 7 months and 28 days )
Resigned
1897 – 1 January 1972(aged 74)
267
Athenagoras I Αθηναγόρας
1 November 1948 – 7 July 1972(23 years, 8 months and 6 days)
6 April 1886 – 7 July 1972(aged 86)
268
–
Demetrios I Δημήτριος
16 July 1972 – 2 October 1991(19 years, 2 months and 16 days )
8 September 1914 – 2 October 1991(aged 77)
269
Bartholomew I Βαρθολομαίος
Since 2 November 1991 (33 years, 8 months and 26 days )
Current patriarch
Born on 29 February 1940(aged 85)
Lengths of tenure
Longest-reigning patriarchs
Bartholomew (1991–present): 34 years+Sergius I (610–638): 28 years, 7 months and 21 days.Nicholas III Grammaticus (1084–1111): 26 years and 8 monthsAthenagoras (1948–1972): 23 years, 8 months and 6 daysJoseph II (1416–1439): 23 years, 1 month and 20 daysTheophylact Lekapenos (933–956): 23 years and 25 daysJohn IX Agapetus (1111–1134): 22 years and 11 monthsTarasios (784–806): 21 years, 2 months and 24 daysSaint Jeremias I (2nd term, 1525–1546): 20 years, 3 months and 20 daysDemetrius (1972–1991): 19 years, 2 months and 16 daysShortest-reigning patriarchs [ k]
Callinicus III (19–20 November 1726): 1 dayNeophytus V (20–25 October 1707): 5 daysCyril II of Constantinople (4–11 October 1633) and Gabriel II (23–30 April 1657): 7 daysCyril III of Constantinople (June 1652): 8 daysDositheus of Constantinople (February 1189): 9 daysAthanasius III Patelarios (2nd term, June 1653): 15 daysMatthew II (3rd term, January 1603): 17 daysMatthew II (1st term, February 1596): 20 days
Cyril Lucaris (1st term, October 1612): 21 daysAthanasius III (1st term, February–April 1634): 1 month and a few days
Patriarchal names
The most frequently used patriarchal name is John, with 14 ecumenical patriarchs taking this name. There have also been 74 patriarchal names that have only been used once. The number of all patriarchs to the present is 269.
Rank
Name
#
Ecumenical Patriarch
1
John
14
I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII · VIII · IX · X · XI · XII · XIII · XIV
2
Neophytus
8
I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII · VIII
3
Anthimus
7
I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII
Cyril
I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII
Gregory
I · II · III · IV · V · VI · VII
6
Constantine
6
I · II · III · IV · V · VI
7
Athanasius
5
I · II · III · IV · V
Callinicus
I · II · III · IV · V
Dionysius
I · II · III · IV · V
Germanus
I · II · III · IV · V
Maximus
I · II · III · IV · V
12
Antony
4
I · II · III · IV
Gabriel
I · II · III · IV
Jeremias
I · II · III · IV
Joachim
I · II · III · IV
Meletius
I · II · III · IV
Michael
I · II · III · IV
Nicholas
I · II · III · IV
Parthenius
I · II · III · IV
Paul
I · II · III · IV
21
Basil
3
I · II · III
Cosmas
I · II · III
Gerasimus
I · II · III
Joannicius
I · II · III
Methodius
I · II · III
Metrophanes
I · II · III
Sophronius
I · II · III
28
Callistus
2
I · II
Constantius
I · II
Cyriacus
I · II
Eugenius
I · II
Euthymius
I · II
Gennadius
I · II
George
I · II
Isidore
I · II
Joasaph
I · II
Joseph
I · II
Macedonius
I · II
Manuel
I · II
Mark
I · II
Matthew
I · II
Nephon
I · II
Nicephorus
I · II
Nicetas
I · II
Pachomius
I · II
Paisius
I · II
Photius
I · II
Polycarpus
I · II
Raphael
I · II
Seraphim
I · II
Sergius
I · II
Sisinnius
I · II
Stephen
I · II
Theodore
I · II
Theodosius
I · II
Theodotus
I · II
Theoleptus
I · II
Thomas
I · II
Timothy
I · II
23
Acacius
1
Agathangelus
Alexander
Alexius
Alypius
Anastasius
Anatolius
Andrew
Arsacius
Arsenius
Athenagoras
Athenodorus
Atticus
Bartholomew
(Incumbent )
Benjamin
Castinus
Chariton
Chrysanthus
Clement
Cyprianus
Demetrios
Demophilus
Diogenes
Dometius
Dositheus
Eleutherius
Epiphanius
Eudoxius
Euphemius
Eusebius
Eustathius
Eustratius
Eutychius
Euzois
Evagrius
Felix
Flavian
Fravitta
Ignatius
Isaias
James
Kyros
Laurence
Leo
Leontius
Luke
Macarius
Maximianus
Menas
Nectarius
Nestorius
Nilus
Olympianus
Onesimus
Pertinax
Peter
Philadelphus
Philotheus
Plutarch
Polyeuctus
Probus
Proclus
Procopius
Pyrrhus
Rufinus
Samuel
Sedecion
Stachys
Symeon
Tarasios
Theophanes
Theophylact
Titus
Tryphon
Notes and references
Notes
^ Andrew's legend is not attested before the mid-9th century and was not fully accepted until the mid-11th.[ 1] Dorotheus of Tyre c. 300 AD, but modern scholars have shown that this was a 9th-century forgery . In fact, "there is no evidence of any significant Christian community at Byzantium before Metrophanes of Byzantium ... Had there been a pre-Constantinian Christian community in Byzantium, it would have been small and under the jurisdiction of a bishop of a neighboring region".[ 2] archbishop , but this title doesn't appear to have been used before the 5th century. The 10th-century Pseudo-Simeon , probably using an independent source, states that there were indeed bishops before Metrophanes, but only records Philadelphus of Byzantium (under Caracalla ), Eugenius I of Byzantium (under Gordian III ) and Rufinus of Byzantium (under Numerian ). Either way, even if Metrophanes had predecessors (which seems unlikely), their names were not recorded.[ 1]
^ Besides the first 25 bishops, some patriarchs like Callinicus III of Constantinople and Athanasius II of Constantinople are sometimes not counted as legitimate holders of the office.
^ There is some confusion surrounding the titulature of the early bishops. It is often stated that the title of archbishop was adopted shortly after 330.[ 6] Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century Nectarius of Constantinople as the first archbishop,[ 7] Venance Grumel refers to him as the first patriarch. The Catholic Encyclopedia [ 8] Socrates of Constantinople Historia Ecclesiastica (c. 440) indicate that the bishop was already called "patriarch" by his time.
^ Also known as Theodosius I .[ 5]
^ Theodotus II was elected between March 1151 and April 1152 and died between October 1153 and October 1154. His successor Neophytus was elected between October 1153 and November 1154.[ 13]
^ Sources do not agree on the exact years for the period 1240–1265.
^ Elected on 28 December 1265.
^ Elected on 28 March 1275.
^ Theophanes Karykes served as patriarch locum tenens Meletius Pegas served as patriarch locum tenens until February 1597.
^ Also recorded as Benjamin Psomas
^ The unusual frequency of patriarchs deposed and restored, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, has been noted by contemporaries.[ 20]
References
^ a b Dvornik, Francis (1958). The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew (PDF) . Harvard University Press . pp. 223– 264. ISBN 978-0-88402-004-2 ^ Limberis, Vasiliki (2002). Divine Heiress - The Virgin Mary and the Making of Christian Constantinople Routledge . pp. 10– 15. ISBN 978-1-134-86279-5 ^ a b c Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate Wildside Press . pp. 30– 44. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6 ^ a b "Κατάλογος Οικουμενικών Πατριαρχών - Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο" [List of Ecumenical Patriarchs] (in Greek). 2019.^ Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Alexander, St., bishop of Byzantium . Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century ^ Nectarius Catholic Encyclopedia ^ "Bishops/Patriarchs of Constantinople" . Internet History Sourcebooks Project . Retrieved 27 July 2024 .^ Lawler, Jennifer (2015). Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire McFarland & Company . pp. 327– 328. ISBN 978-1-4766-0929-4 ^ "Pope Saint Leo I and Council of Chalcedon", Papal Encyclicals Online, https://www.papalencyclicals.net/councils/ecum04.htm . Accessed 23 January 2025.
^ a b Grumel, Venance (1943). "La chronologie des patriarches de Constantinople de 1111 à 1206" . Revue des études byzantines . 1 : 263. doi :10.3406/rebyz.1943.909 . Retrieved 23 July 2015 . ^ a b Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society Stanford University Press . p. 713. ISBN 0-8047-2630-2 ^ Angold, Michael (2017) [2008]. "After the Fourth Crusade - the Greek rump states and the recovery of Byzantium". In Shepard, Jonathan (ed.). The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire, c. 500–1492 . Cambridge University Press. pp. 742– 743. ISBN 9781409410980 ^ Ostrogorsky, George (1968). History of the Byzantine State 427– 428. LCCN 68-28316 . ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest ISBN 978-0-472-10079-8 OCLC 749133662 .^ Vitalien, Laurent (1968). "Les premiers patriarches de Constantinople sous la domination turque (1454-1476)". Revue des études byzantines (26): 229– 263. doi :10.3406/rebyz.1968.1407 . ^ Σαρδεων Γερμανος (1933–1938). "Συµβολή εις τους πατριαρχικούς καταλόγους Κωνσταντινουπόλεως από της αλώσεως και εξής". Ορθοδοξια (in Greek) (8– 13). ^ Clogg, Richard (2013). A Concise History of Greece Cambridge University Press . p. 13. ISBN 978-1-107-65644-4
See also
External links
Patriarchate.org , Ecumenical Patriarchate of ConstantinopleEC-patr.org List of Ecumenical Patriarchs from the official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
Bishops of Byzantium Roman period, 38–330 AD) Archbishops of Constantinople Patriarchs of ConstantinopleByzantine period, 451–1453 AD) Patriarchs of ConstantinopleOttoman period, 1453–1923 AD) Patriarchs of ConstantinopleTurkish period, since 1923 AD)
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