List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces

Vietnam People's Army
Ministry of National Defence
Command
General Staff
Services
Ranks and history

During the First Indochina War (1946–1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.

Vietnam prioritizes economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defense procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defense industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.[1][2][3]

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.[4]

Personal equipment

Combat Helmet

Image Model Type Origin Details
Modular Integrated Communications Helmet Combat Helmet United States
Vietnam 		Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[5]
High Cut Helmet Combat Helmet United States
Vietnam 		Vietnamese copy. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, police, and future infantry soldiers. Manufactured locally at Factory Z176.[6]
PASGT Helmet Combat Helmet United States
Vietnam
Israel 		Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.[7][8]
Type A2 Helmet Combat helmet Vietnam The PAVN's standard issue bump shell is a hard plastic replica of the PASGT helmets. It is used for training exercises and combat drill.[9]
Vietnamese pith helmet Helmet Vietnam Traditional standard issue hard hat, used as the army's utility and barracks cover. Commonly worn by enlisted members with their dress uniforms and during light training.
SSh-68 Combat Helmet Soviet Union Limited use.[10][11][9]
SSh-40 Combat Helmet Soviet Union Limited use.[9]
M1 Helmet Combat Helmet United States Limited use.[9]


Gas Mask

Image Model Type Origin Details
M40 field protective mask Protective gas mask United States [12][13]
GP-4u Gas Mask Soviet Union Use by Chemical Corp, being replaced by MV-5 and others.
GP-5 Gas Mask Soviet Union Former issue to infantry soldier, being replaced by MV-5 and others.
MF-14 Gas Mask China Use by Chemical Corp.[13]
MV5 Gas Mask Vietnam

Vietnam

Manufactured by Factory X61, it is a standard-issue chemical protective mask for soldiers. The MV-5 has a port for a drinking tube, and comes with a tube and canteen in its kit.[13]

Optronic Device & Observation System

Image Model Type Origin Details
Safran Vectronix Vector 21 Multifunctional optronic device  France
 Switzerland 		Being used by artillery reconnaissance units.[14]
Safran Vectronix JIM LR Multifunctional optronic device  France
 Switzerland 		Being used by artillery reconnaissance units.[14]
Leica Geosystems Total station  Switzerland TS02 and TS06 series are being used by artillery reconnaissance units.[15]
ONDK-01 Multifunctional optronic device  Vietnam Designed with thermal view, laser rangefinder, being used by artillery reconnaissance units.
VEE-B01 Multifunctional optronic device  Vietnam Multichannel binoculars produced by Viettel. Designed with thermal view, laser rangefinder and other features.[16]

Night-vision Device

Image Model Type Origin Details
OD2M is slightly to the right, while the OD1M is slightly to the left OD2M
OD1M 		Night-vision device  Vietnam Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[17]
AN/PVS-14 Monocular Night Vision Device  United States Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.
AN/PVS-7 Monocular Night Vision Device  United States Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.

Communication Equipment

Image Model Type Origin Details
VRH-911 Personal radio  Vietnam Squads-issued personal radios operate in UHF band. Designed and produced by Viettel.[18][19]
VRH-811/S Personal radio  Vietnam Personal equipment issued at the squad level for mechanized infantry and at the platoon level for light infantry, featuring a 5 km range and frequency‐hopping capability, operate in VHF band. Designed and produced by Viettel[20]

Body Armor

Image Model Type Origin Details
AG K51T Body Armour Body armor Vietnam

Vietnam

Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.[21]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7.62×25mm lead-core rounds.
AG K53T Body Armour Body armor Vietnam

Vietnam

Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.[21]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7,62×51mm amour-piercing round.
7.62 K56 Body Armour Body armor Vietnam

Vietnam

Been introduced in International Army Game's exhibition.[21]The vest is equipped with armor plates capable of withstanding 7.62×39 rounds.
AG17 Body armor Vietnam

Vietnam

Plate carrier does not feature integrated pouches for carrying equipment and is typically worn with a chest rig for gear carriage.
K23 armored vest Body armor Vietnam

Vietnam

Modern battle uniform for standard Vietnamese infantry featuring the capacity to carry 3 magazines, 4 hand grenades, and 6 rounds of 40mm grenade launcher ammunition along with personal radio and bayonet. It is integrated with the MOLLE system and can accommodate 4 armor plates, including 2 hard plates and 2 soft plates. Manufactured at the Z176 factory.[22][23]
Marom Dolphin Fusion System Body armor Israel

Israel

Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[24]
Flak jacket Body armor United States

United States

Limited use by some infantry and anti-riot units
EOD suit Bomb suit United States

United States

Used by engineer unit.

Camouflage Pattern

Image Model Type Origin Details
K-07 Woodland Camouflage pattern Vietnam Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues.[25][26]
K-17 Woodland Camouflage pattern Vietnam Former standard-issue camouflage for ground forces. Similar coloration to the K-07, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.[27][28] Replaced by the K-20 and observed limited usage since 2020s.
K-17 Multi-Terrain Camouflage pattern Vietnam Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen with Vietnamese troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
K20 Pattern
K21 Field Uniform[29] 		Camouflage pattern Vietnam Standard issue as of 2021, the PAVN's K20 camouflage pattern was developed with more subdued coloration. The new uniform will consist of 5 different variants for each branches of service: Ground Forces, Border Guard, Air Defence - Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard.[30]
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern Camouflage pattern Vietnam Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Replaced by the Ground Forces-colored K20 camouflage.
"M81" U.S. woodland camouflage pattern swatch U.S. Woodland Camouflage pattern United States Limited use. Most commonly seen on old vests mix-matched with K07 uniform or K20
Ghillie suit Ghillie suit Vietnam Used by the snipers and People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, manufactured locally. Been introduced in International Army Games's exhibition.[21]

Infantry Weapon

Weapons Attachment

Image Model Type Origin Details
Scopes
ITL MARS Red dot sight Israel Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor.
Meprolight M21 Red dot sight Israel Vietnam Mounted on Uzi, AKM-1, IWI Tavor, STV Rifles and IWI ACE. Manufactured domestically by Z199, it is likely to become the standard sight in the equipment.
Aimpoint PRO Red dot sight United States Mounted on STV Rifles.[31]
Aimpoint CompM4 Red dot sight United States Mounted on AKM-1, limited use.[32]
KBN-SN Red dot sight Vietnam

Vietnam

Mounted on SN-19 and SN7N. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
KBN-M1 Red dot sight Vietnam

Vietnam

Mounted on STV-380. Manufactured locally at Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight Telescopic sight United States Mounted on Special Operations Assault Rifle, Tara TM4 rifle. Limited uses within Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[33]
Nightforce ATACR Telescopic sight United States Mounted on Orsis T-5000.
Barrel
CornerShot Weapon accessory Israel Vietnam Vietnam Used by the People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.[34]

There is a domestic copy.

Under Barrel
SPL-40 Grenade launcher Vietnam Standard issue grenade launcher accompanying the STV-380 rifles.[35]
M203 Grenade launcher United States
Vietnam 		Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.[36] Manufactured locally as T-40 at the Z111 Factory.
Bayonet
6Ch4 Bayonet Soviet Union Mount on AK-47 and AKM.
M7 bayonet Bayonet United States Mount on STV rifle.

Pistol

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
IWI Jericho 941 Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum Israel
Vietnam 		Limited use in the army and police, being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[37][38]
Glock Semi-automatic pistol Glock 19
Glock 34
SN-19
SN19-T
SN7VN-M24 		9×19mm Parabellum Austria
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.
SN-19 and SN19-T are domestic copies. Manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI) and Z111 Factory respectively.[39]
Derivative of Glock with steel frame, chambered in 7.62×25mm. Can be attached with silencer and scope. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.[39]
Makarov pistol Semi-automatic pistol Type 59
K59 (SN9) 		9×18mm Makarov Soviet Union
China
Vietnam 		Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59 (SN9) by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).[40]
CZ-82 Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Used by police officers. Limited use in the army.[40]
TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol Type 54/K54
K14
SN7M
SN7TD
SN7N 		7.62×25mm Tokarev Soviet Union
China
Vietnam 		Standard issue service pistol (K14VN) used alongside the K54. Equipped with a longer barrel and a double-stack magazine holding 13 rounds.[41][42] Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.
Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14.
SN7M, SN7TD, and SN7N are modernized TT variants: SN7M is basic modernization, SN7TD has integrated silencer, SN7N has intrinsic sight. All manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).

Submachine Gun

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
PP-19 Bizon Submachine gun SN9P
SN-7P 		9×19mm Parabellum
7.62×25mm Tokarev 		Russia
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. The locally produced version features a Galil-style stock and is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum.[43][36] Manufactured locally as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The SN-7P is chambered in 7.62×25mm and produced by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI). Not adopted.
Uzi Pro Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum Israel
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Special Operation Force. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[44]
Micro Uzi Submachine gun TL-K12 9×19mm Parabellum Israel
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[44] TL-K12 is the domestic copy with slight changes. Manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
CZ Scorpion Evo 3 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum Czech Republic Used by the Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[45]

Assault Rifle

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
STV3801

 STV Assault rifle STV-215
STV-380
STV-022 		7.62×39mm Vietnam Standard issue rifle. The STV-215 is the carbine version of the STV-380 with a 215 mm barrel.[46][47] Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. Can attach various accessories including the KBN-M1 red-dot sight.
A PDW variant without stock, equipped with a vertical grip, Picatinny rails around the barrel, and a flashlight attachment. Used by military police and guard units. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.[48]
Galil ACE Assault rifle Galil ACE 31
Galil ACE 32 		7.62×39mm Israel
Vietnam 		Replaced by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380. Most were transferred to Laos and are now rarely seen in Vietnamese service.[49][50][51] Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.
AKM Assault rifle AKMS
AKM-1
AKn 		7.62×39mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Older models have been refurbished into domestic AKM-1/AKn versions. Replaced by the STV-215/STV-380 as the standard issue.[52][53][54] Manufactured locally with updated components.[55]
Type 56 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm China
Vietnam 		Limited use. Refurbished to AKn-equivalent and replaced by the STV-215/STV-380.[56]
AK-47 Assault rifle STL-A1 7.62×39mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Limited use. Refurbished domestically as STL-A1 with polymer stock, polymer handguard, and side rail. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.[56][57]
IWI Tavor TAR-21 Assault rifle TAR-21
GTAR-21 		5.56×45mm NATO Israel Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry.[49][50]
M16 rifle Assault rifle M16A1
M16A2
CAR-15 		5.56×45mm NATO United States
Vietnam 		M16A1 and XM16E1 are used by Militia Forces in southern provinces.
Upgraded and manufactured locally as M16A2VN based on M16A1 and M18 with new stock and Picatinny rail.[58] M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers.
Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Naval Infantry, and Vietnam Coast Guard. Converted locally as M18 at the Z111 Factory.
CZ 805 BREN Assault rifle CZ 805 BREN A1
CZ 805 BREN A2 		5.56×45mm NATO Czech Republic Used by the Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[45]
Special Operations Assault Rifle Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO United States Used by the Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[59]
FN FNC Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO Belgium Used by the Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[60]
Tara TM4 Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO Montenegro Used by the Military Marksman Demonstration Team.

Shotgun

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
Remington Model 870 Shotgun 12 Gauge United States
Armsel Striker Combat shotgun 12 Gauge South Africa Limited use.[61]

Machine Gun

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
RPD Light machine gun RPD-44
STrL-D 		7.62×39mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard issue squad-level machine gun, modernized with Picatinny and side accessory rails. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.
RPK Light machine gun 7.62×39mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard issue squad-level machine gun. Manufactured locally.[62]
PKM General-purpose machine gun PKT
PKM
PKMS
ĐL7N 		7.62×54mmR Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard issue machine gun for motorized infantry squads and company-level forces. Manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).[63]
Kord Heavy machine gun 6P49 12.7×108mm Russia Used as a tank-mounted machine gun on T-90.
NSV Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun, also used by air defense battalions of infantry divisions. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.[64][65] [66]Replacing the DShK.
DShK Heavy machine gun DShK-38
DShK 38/46
Type 54 		12.7×108mm Soviet Union Equipped for air defense battalions of infantry divisions. Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.[56]
KPV Heavy machine gun 14.5×114mm Soviet Union Mounted on armored vehicles or used as an anti-aircraft weapon.
IWI Negev Light machine gun STrL-5.56
STrL-7.62 		5.56×45mm NATO
7.62×39mm 		Israel
Vietnam 		STrL-5.56 is an exact domestic copy with a PKM handle. Used by Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory. Another version, STrL-7.62, is chambered in 7.62×39mm with buffer stock, PKM handle, Picatinny rail, and quick-change fluted barrel.[67]
FN Minimi Mk3 Light machine gun 5.56×45mm NATO Belgium Limited use by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces, Vietnam People's Navy, and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[68]
FN MAG General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO Belgium Limited use by Military Marksman and Demonstration Team.[69]

Sniper Rifle

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details

IWI Galatz Sniper rifle SBT-7.62VN 7.62×51mm NATO Israel
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory under the name SBT-7.62VN with free-float M-LOK handguard and adjustable stock similar to the T-5000.[44]
Dragunov SVD Designated marksman rifle SBT-7.62M1 7.62×54mmR Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Used by Naval Special Operation Force and Naval Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[70] SBT-7.62M1 is the modernized variant.
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle SBT-12M1 12.7×108mm Russia
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[71] SBT-12M1 is the domestic copy.
KSVK Anti-materiel rifle SBT12M1[72] 12.7×108mm Russia
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 and Z199 Factory as the SBT12M1 to suit local conditions.[44] Can be equipped with the indigenously made N12 optical sight (10× magnification).
Orsis Т-5000 Sniper rifle SBT-7.62M2 7.62×51mm NATO
.338LM
.308 Winchester 		Russia
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[73] SBT-7.62M2 is a domestic copy manufactured locally at Z111 Factory, chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO and .308 Winchester.
Brügger & Thomet APR Sniper rifle APR308 7.62×51mm NATO
.308 Winchester 		 Switzerland A small number are used by special reconnaissance forces of the General Department of Defence Intelligence.[74]
WKW Wilk Anti-materiel rifle .50 BMG Poland More than 50 examples were bought.[75]

Mortar

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
STA-50 (Fly-K) Light mortar 50mm Mortar Vietnam Vietnam Silenced mortar, inspired by Belgian Fly-K design. Manufactured locally at Z117 Factory. Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces.[76]
M2 mortar Infantry mortar M2
Type 31
Type 63.[77] 		60mm Mortar United States Indirect fire support weapons assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company.
82-PM-41 Mortar 82-PM-41
Type 67
Type 53 		82mm Mortar Soviet Union
SC100TX Mortar 100mm Mortar Vietnam Produced by Z125 Factory based on Chinese Type 71 mortar. Equipped within 100mm mortar battalions of infantry divisions, typically transported by hand or vehicles. Splits into three parts (barrel, bipod, baseplate), each over 20 kg. Operated by a 4–5 man crew; fires 8 kg shells (HE, smoke, illumination).[78]

Grenade launcher

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
AGS-30 Automatic grenade launcher SPL-30 30×29mm Grenade Russia
Vietnam 		Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory as the SPL-30 (unlicensed copy). 29-round capacity.[79]
AGS-17 Automatic grenade launcher SPL-17 30×29mm Grenade Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard issue, assigned to the fire support platoon of the infantry company. Manufactured locally under license at Z125 Factory as the SPL-17.[80][81][82][83]
Milkor MGL Grenade launcher MGL-VN1 (SPL-6) 40×46mm Grenade South Africa
Vietnam 		Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces. Manufactured locally by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI) as the MGL-VN1 (industry name SPL40L). 6-round capacity.[84][85]
M79 Grenade launcher M79-VN 40×46mm Grenade United States
Vietnam 		Standard issue squad-level grenade launcher. Manufactured locally at Z125 Factory as the M79-VN (industry name SPL40).[86] Currently replaced by OPL-40.

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-armor Weapon

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)
RPG-7V Rocket-propelled grenade RPG7V-VN (SCT-7)
SCT-7X 		40mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Standard squad-level anti-tank weapon (codename B-41) with 2 launcher and 16 rocket equipped per squad, each launcher standardly attached with dometic version of PGO-7 sight, can be equipped with indigenous KNND-SCT7 day-night sight. Ammunition produced at Factories Z144 and Z131 (cost ~\$280/rocket), while the launcher produced by Z111 Factory.
M72 LAW Anti-tank weapon 66mm HEAT United States Modified to fire incendiary rounds; used by the Chemical Corps.
RPO-A Shmel Thermobaric rocket-propelled 93mm FAE Russia
Vietnam 		For chemical forces only. Manufactured locally at Factory Z117.
RPG-29 Rocket-propelled grenade SCT-29 105mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Anti-tank weapon assigned to fire support platoons. Manufactured locally as SCT-29 at Factories Z117, Z125, and Z129.[87][88] Also known as SCT-105 or SCT-105M1. Launcher can be equipped with KNN-SCT105M1 day sight.
RPG-30 Rocket-propelled grenade SCT-105M2 105mm HEAT Russia
Vietnam 		Manufactured locally at Factory Z117 as SCT-105M2.[89]
Anti-tank Guided Missile (ATGM)
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot) Wire-guided SACLOS missile 120mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Locally manufactures an upgraded 9P135 launcher.[90] Launcher includes day/night sight, laser rangefinder, and remote control capabilities.
9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) Wire-guided SACLOS missile 9M14P1-2F
9M14P1-2T
CTVN-18 		125mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Manufactured locally under license from Serbia with improved SACLOS guidance. Domestic copy known as the CTVN-18, capable of penetrating 750–800 mm of RHA (9M14P1-2T can penetrate 1,000 mm of RHA).
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandre) Wire-guided SACLOS missile 135mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Upgraded 9P135M launcher also used for the 9M133 Konkurs. The Center for Precision Mechanical Technology can develop critical parts for next-gen anti-tank missiles.[90]
Recoilless Rifle
SPG-9 Anti-tank recoilless rifle SPG-9-T2 73mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Anti-tank weapon assigned to firing platoon of infantry companies. Manufactured locally as SPG-9-T2 at Z125 Factory by Vietnam Defense Industry (VDI).
B-10 Anti-tank recoilless rifle B10VN 82mm HEAT Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Manufactured locally as DKZ82-B10 VN or B10VN. Similar to Type 65 recoilless rifle.

Portable Anti-drone Weapon

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
CA-18GL Portable Anti-drone Weapon Vietnam CA-18GL flycam suppression device creates an "artificial no-fly zone" by spoofing GPS signals, positioning, and navigation. Researched and produced by the Institute of System Integration.[91]
CAV-14 Portable Anti-drone Weapon Vietnam Description:
  • Has two ribbed antennas
  • Above antenna resembles an ice cream sandwich on a stick
  • Angular, bulky body
  • Origin/manufacturer unknown (possibly under development)
VCU/3P Portable Anti-drone Weapon Vietnam Description:
  • Angular, vented panels above trigger
  • Likely 5 buttons behind vents
  • Suspected display above exhaust
  • Shown at Viettel booth, 2024 Defense Expo
  • Produced and developed by Viettel

Munition

Grenade

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
LĐ-01 Hand grenade Vietnam Domestically produced grenade, produced at Factory Z115. Issued to the Army and Navy. Based off of the American M67 hand grenade.

Specs:

  • Lethal radius (m): ≤ 5
  • Radius (m): ≥ 100

Land Mine

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
POMZ-2 Anti-personal mine POMZ-2
MBV-78A1 		Soviet Union
Vietnam 		[92]
PMN-1 Anti-personal mine PMN-1
Type-58 		Soviet Union [93]
OZM-72 Anti-personal mine OZM-72
OZM-4 		Soviet Union [94]
MON-100 Anti-personal mine MON-100
MĐH-10 		Soviet Union
Vietnam 		It can be mounted on racks holding 2–3 mines and has also proven highly effective against obstacles and fortifications.[95]
M18A1 Claymore Anti-personal mine M18A1
MĐH-C40 		United States
Vietnam 		Large number were captured after Vietnam War. Domestically copied under the name MĐH-C40.[96]
TM-46 Anti-tank mine Soviet Union [97]
TM-57 Anti-tank mine Soviet Union [98]

Breaching Charge

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
Bangalore torpedo Bangalore torpedo Vietnam
FMV-B1 Mine-clearing line charge FMV-B1
FMV-T2 		Vietnam Obstacle-breaching weapon for barbed wire, sensors, and minefields; with the range of 200–260m and carry 700 kg of explosives.
A larger version used to breach openings for tanks. Its engine provides double thrust, and carry 960 kg of explosive.

Loitering Munition

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
[99] UAV-BXL.01 Loitering munition Vietnam Appearance resembles ZALA Lancet loitering munition.

Specs:

  • Range: 10 km
  • Endurance: 10 minutes
  • Speed: ≤ 100 – 120 km/h (cruising), ≤ 150 km/h (attack)
  • Operational altitude (AGL): 150 – 500 m
  • Max altitude (AMSL): 1 km
  • Max take-off weight: 10 kg
  • Warhead weight: 1.2 kg
  • CEP: ≤ 3 m
  • Control mode: Automatic, manual
  • Penetration: ≤ 250 mm
  • Production year: 2024
  • Operational features: Automatic search, identify, lock targets, uses magnetic sensors.

Produced at Factory Z131.

[100] UAV-QXL.01 Loitering munition Vietnam Quadcopter loitering munition.

Specs:

  • Range: 10 km
  • Endurance: 10 minutes
  • Speed: ≤ 60 – 80 km/h (cruising), ≤ 100 km/h (attack)
  • Operational altitude (AGL): 150 – 500 m
  • Max altitude (AMSL): 1 km
  • Max take-off weight: 8 kg
  • Warhead weight: 1.2 kg
  • CEP: ≤ 2 m
  • Control mode: Automatic, manual
  • Penetration: ≤ 250 mm
  • Production year: 2024

Produced at Factory Z131.

VU-C2 Loitering munition Vietnam Can be tube launched and controlled remotely. Resembles the Raytheon Coyote drone.

Produced and developed by Viettel.|[101]

Ground Vehicle

Tank

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
T-90 Main battle tank T-90S
T-90SK 		64[102] Russia The T-90SK is the command variant of the tank. All units are deployed in the North under the 201st Brigade, which comprises only two battalions.

T-59 MBT pic-022

T-54/55 Main battle tank T-54M/55M
Type-59[103] 		850[104]
350[103] 		Soviet Union
China
Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Currently around 310 T-54/55 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese/Israeli T-54M/55M modernized program at Z153 factory. As of January 2024, 100 tanks have been upgraded to the T-54M/55M standard in stage 1. The quantity of T-54/55 has shrank down to around 440 units from 850.

There are around 350 units of Type-59. Unknown if any have been upgraded or are capable of upgraded with the modernization plan.

The T-54M/55M is an upgraded variant of the T-54/55 equipped with the TIFCS-3BU Fire Control System from Indra, a new 1000 hp engine, and locally manufactured Explosive Reactive Armor. Armed with a 100mm D-10T2S rifled cannon, 7.62 mm PKT, and 12.7 mm DShKM / NSV. Upgrade done at Factory Z153.[103] Vietnam is now capable of domestically producing its own FCS, designated as the S-FCS.

T-62 Main battle tank T-62 70[105] Soviet Union
Type-63 Amphibious Light tank Type-63 150[106] China Called PT-85 in local service because of its 85 mm gun, similar to the PT-76.
PT-76 Amphibious Light tank PT-76 300[107] Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Has domestic production/refurbishment line at Factory X70. Practically every component is replaced with its local counterpart/copy. Notable mentions include FCS, laser range finder, thermals, optics, radios, track links, and a turbocharged engine.

Plans to include laser range finder and thermals was likely a prototype abandoned in 2022.

T-34 Medium tank T-34-85 45[108] Soviet Union Used only for training, coastal defense, and doesn't operate on the mainland. Equipped with a 76.2 mm tank gun. Still undergoing maintenance.

Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV)

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle 300[109] Soviet Union
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle Soviet Union
XCB-01 Infantry fighting vehicle (+18) Vietnam Domestic adaptation of the BMP-1 and BMP-2.

It features domestically produced 2A28 Grom gun with upgraded gun sights and a magazine system, FCS, laser rangefinder, thermal sight, dual-channel day/night sight, IR warning receivers, and auto-deploying smoke grenades.

Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
Armored Personnel Carrier (Wheeled)
GAZ-59037A Wheeled armoured personnel carrier Russia Used in natural disaster rescue and response missions.[110]
BTR-40 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier 1,100[111] Soviet Union
BTR-60 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier BTR-60PB Soviet Union Used by both Army and Naval Infantry.
BTR-152 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier Soviet Union Being upgraded with a new diesel engine.[112] One is converted to an armoured ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan.
XTC-02 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier (+9) Vietnam 4×4 APC carrying driver, commander, + 10 troops (12 total). Amphibious, remote weapons station, 12.7 mm NSV AA gun, 7.62 mm PKT coaxial MG.[113] Already in batch 0 production.
Armored Personnel Carrier (Tracked)
MT-LB Armoured personnel carrier Soviet Union Was seen used by artillery troops preparing for the 2020 International Army Games.[114]
BTR-50 Armoured personnel carrier BTR-50PK 280[115] Soviet Union
M113 Armoured personnel carrier 200[107] United States Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9. 1970s photos show M40 recoilless rifles from capture.
Type 63 Armoured personnel carrier 80[107] China

Armored Car

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
Dongfeng EQ2050 Military light utility vehicle China Used by Engineers at United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei.[116]
Cadillac V-100 Armoured scout car United States Upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 Factory to replace old and worn-out parts after Vietnam was reunified and American-made weapons were replaced with Russian-based weapons.[117][118] Acquired by capturing during the Vietnam War.[119]
BRDM-2 Armoured scout car 200[120] Soviet Union

Artillery

Towed Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
ZiS-3 76 mm towed field gun Unknown Soviet Union Mostly used by coastal defence unit or militia[121]
BS-3 100 mm towed Anti-tank gun 250 Soviet Union [122][123][124]
T-12 100 mm towed Anti-tank gun Unknown Soviet Union [122]
MT-12 100 mm towed Anti-tank gun Unknown Soviet Union [125]
D-44 85 mm field gun D-44
PTH85D44-VN18 		2,300[122] Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		The D-44 may be put into reserves soon as its unconventional ammunition will cease production.

The PTH85D44-VN18 is a mobile artillery unit containing a D-44 gun mounted on a Ural-375 6×6 truck. Likely a prototype that never went into full production.

M101 105 mm towed howitzer M101
M2A1
PTH-105 		United States
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Modernized. The PTH-105 is a truck-mounted prototype with the M101 gun on a Ural truck. Also used for ceremonial purposes.
D-74 122 mm field gun D-74
Type 60 		Soviet Union The USSR provided 200 D-74s (1970–1971) and China provided 100 Type-60s (1974). Some lost in combat.
D-30 122 mm towed howitzer Soviet Union The USSR provided 50 D-30s in 1974. Some likely retired over the years.
M-46 130 mm field gun M-47
Type 59
PTH130-K225B 		Soviet Union
China
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		The USSR provided 519 M-46s (1968–1973). Some lost in combat or retired.

Type 59 is a licensed Chinese copy. The PTH130-K225B is a domestic self-propelled prototype. Efforts to extend range from 27 km to 30–40 km.

D-20 152 mm towed howitzer D-20
Type 66 		 Soviet Union
 People's Republic of China 		[126]

Self-propelled Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
2S1 Gvozdika 122 mm self-propelled artillery 2S1 Gvozdika
PTH-01 		150 Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Unlicensed copy known as PTH-01 at Factory Z189. Still a prototype with domestic turret and cannon by Z125 factory.
2S3 Akatsiya 152 mm self-propelled artillery 30[127] Soviet Union

Mortar Carrier

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
M106 mortar carrier Mortar carrier United States Self-propelled 107 mm mortars captured in the Vietnam War. Refurbished to equipped with 100 mm mortar SC100TX.[128]
MT-LB Mortar carrier Soviet Union [129]

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
BM-21 122 mm multiple rocket launcher 350[107] Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Modernized with digital aiming and digital upgrades. VPA already have their own capability to produce a copy of BM-21. Currently produces its own BM-21 rockets.
BM-14 140 mm multiple rocket launcher BM-14MM
BM-14-17M 		400[130] Soviet Union 400 launchers exported by the USSR (1965–1966).[130][131][132]
SS-1 Scud Missile Launcher Tactical ballistic missile Scud B
Scud C
Scud D
Hwasong-5
Hwasong-6 		24[133] Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Tactical ballistic missile TEL. 100 Hwasong-6 missiles and many Scud missiles. Received domestic upgrades to increase range and reduce CEP.

Air Defense

The Military Balance of 2024 from the International Institute for Strategic Studies reported that Vietnam possessed approximately 12,000 guns, including ZSU-23-4 and towed anti-aircraft artillery in calibers of 14.5mm, 30mm, 37mm, 57mm, 85mm, and 100mm. The 85mm gun is possibly the KS-12/K-52. Additionally, Vietnam had a point defense system comprising the 9K32 Strela-2, 9K310 Igla-1, and 9K38 Igla.[134]

Man-portable Air-defense System

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
SA-7 9K32 Strela-2 Man-portable air-defense system 9K32M Strela-2M 72mm Soviet Union Designed to counter low-flying targets with its passive infrared homing guidance system.
9K338 Igla-S (NATO-Code - SA-24 Grinch) 9K38 Igla Man-portable air-defense system 9K130 Igla-1
9K338 Igla-S
TL-01 		72mm Soviet Union
Vietnam 		Produced at Z131 Factory. TL-01 is a domestic copy of the Igla-S MANPADS, manufactured under license with technology transferred from Russia. More than 400 launcher were produced since 2019 with the unknown amount of ammunition.

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Quantity Origin Details
ZPU Anti-aircraft gun ZPU-2
ZPU-4 		14.5×114mm 12,000 Soviet Union The ZPU family of anti-aircraft guns includes double and quadruple-barrel versions used during Vietnam’s wars.[135][136]
ZU-23-2 Twin Autocannon 23mm-2M
23mm-2ML 		23x152mmB Soviet Union
Israel
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		23mm-2ML adds optronics, laser rangefinder, and digital FCS. Ongoing projects include truck-mounting and automatic control.
ZSU-23-4 Shilka Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ZSU-23-4M1 23x152mmB Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Modernization added 4 Igla SAM launchers, digital FCS, thermal/day-night cameras, laser rangefinder, electro-optic vision, improved radar, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic boosters, and faster turret traverse.
61-K Autocannon Type 55
Type 65 		37×252mmSR Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Modernized with a fire-control system and radar.
AZP S-60 Autocannon 57×347mmSR[137] Soviet Union
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Under the VPK-57 project, heavily upgraded with radar-integrated FCS, optoelectronic reconnaissance, electro-mechanical gun control, and digital identification. Features an LCD screen, fully automatic operation without a gunner.
Stalin line - KS-19 KS-19 Towed Anti-aircraft gun 100×695mm Soviet Union Used during the Vietnam War.[138] Still in service as of 2024.[134]

Radar System

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
Battlefield Surveillance Systems
SNAR-10 Battlefield Surveillance Systems Soviet Union Used by artillery reconnaissance units.[139]
PJT-531 Battle Field Surveillance Radar – Short Range Battlefield Surveillance Systems India Used by artillery reconnaissance units.[14]

Electronic Warfare (EW)

Established in 1992, the Department of Electronic Warfare is part of the Vietnam People's Army.

Image Model Type Variant Origin Details
AJAS-20C Electronic Counter Measure system Germany Mounted on a GAZ-3308 Sadko.
AJAS-1000 Electronic Counter Measure system Germany Mounted on a KamAZ-43253.
AJAS-5408 Electronic Counter Measure system Germany
SPN-30 Electronic Counter Measure system Russia Mounted on a Ural-375 chassis.[140]
GBR-EAS Ground Based Radar - Electronic Attack System Spain Passive surveillance/analysis (2–18 GHz, with other bands optional). Electronic defense: area/high-value asset/self-protection. Electronic attack: jamming, deception, false-target generation, collaborative techniques. Provided by Indra Sistemas.
VRS-U3K Ku-band 3D Drone-counter Radar Vietnam Produced and developed by Viettel.
V-EMP/S Microwave Directed Energy Weapon Vietnam Designed to counter aerial systems. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VCUS/C Compact Counter-UAV System Vietnam Mounted on a Ford pickup truck. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VCUS/E Mobile Tactical Anti-drone Reconnaissance Complex Vietnam Composed of VCUS/M plus an unclassified radar system on a KAMAZ 6×6. Generates high-power pulses to disrupt electronics. Produced and developed by Viettel.
VERA Passive Sensor Passive Surveillance ESM System VERA-NG
V-ELINT18 		Czech Republic
Vietnam 		VERA-NG imported and operational since 2015. Commissioned by the General Staff’s Electronic Warfare Department in 2021.[141] Domestically produced under the name V-ELINT 18.

Specs of V-ELINT18:

  • Track ≤ 500 targets
  • >10,000 unique targets stored
  • Range: 450 km
  • Bandwidth: ≤ 500 MHz
  • Receiver sensitivity: < –85 dBm (20 MHz bandwidth)
  • Processes radar pulse, SIF/SSR/Mode-S/ADS-B, DME/TACAN, Parol, AIS
  • Stealth detection

Used for detecting air/sea/land without disclosing position. System includes a central processor and 3 peripheral stations. Produced and developed by Viettel.[142][143]

CBRN Reconnaissance

Image Model Type Origin Details
Inspector-1000 Dosimeter United States [144]
RAID-M100 Hand-held chemical agent detectors United States [145]
RAID-XP Hand-held chemical agent detectors United States [145]
Inficon Hapsite ER Portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry United States [144]
RBH-18 CBRN reconnaissance robot Vietnam [146]
SKID V-025 STEAM Decontamination and degassing vehicle Italy [147]
ARS-14 Decontamination and degassing vehicle Soviet Union [145]
ARS-15 Decontamination and degassing vehicle Soviet Union [148]

TMVA DECON-17 EX Decontamination and degassing vehicle Czech Republic [149]
UAZ-469RH CBRN reconnaissance vehicle Soviet Union Modified from UAZ-469 for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) resistance.[150]
BRDM-2RKh CBRN reconnaissance vehicle Soviet Union Modified from BRDM-2 for NBC resistance. Radiological-chemical reconnaissance vehicle with KZO-2 dispensers, GSA-12 gas detector, DP-5V dosimeter, DP-3B Geiger counter, DK-4K decontamination system, and PPKhR/VPKhR detection devices.[151]

Engineering Vehicle

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
BREM-1M Armoured recovery vehicle Russia Based on a T-90 chassis, were ordered together in the T-90 procurement contract.[152]
BTS-4 Armoured recovery vehicle Soviet Union Still widely used and regularly maintained.[153]
M578 Armored recovery vehicle United States [154]
TMM-3M Armoured vehicle-launched bridge Russia
AM-50S Armoured vehicle-launched bridge Czech Republic
MS-20 Daglezja Armoured vehicle-launched bridge 4[155] Poland
Schweres Rüstfahrzeug (SRF) Rescue vehicle Germany
AT-L Artillery tractor Soviet Union
ATS-59G Artillery tractor Soviet Union [156]
M548 Artillery tractor United States [157]
IMR-2 Armoured engineering vehicle 2 Soviet Union Based on a T-72 chassis.[158]
EOV-4421 Military Excavator Soviet Union [159]
PZM-2 Trencher Soviet Union [160]
TMK-2 Trencher Soviet Union
PTS-M Tracked amphibious transport Soviet Union [161]
GSP-55 Amphibious bridging vehicle ≥3 Soviet Union Operated by the 575th Engineer Brigade.[162][163]
PMP Floating Bridge Pontoon bridge ≥3 Soviet Union At least three in service.[164][165]
VSN-1500 Motor canoe Vietnam Equipped for engineer units as a light troop transport canoe.[166]
BMK-T Motor canoe Soviet Union Equipped for pontoon bridge units.[167]
BMK-150 Motor canoe Soviet Union Equipped for pontoon bridge units.[165]
BMK-130 Motor canoe Soviet Union Equipped for pontoon bridge units.[165]

Logistic / Utility Vehicle

Image Model Type Origin Origin Details
Logistic Vehicle
KamAZ-43118 Military truck Russia
Vietnam 		Domestically manufactured.[168][169]

Replacing older Ural trucks.[170]

KamAZ-65224 Military truck Russia
Vietnam 		Domestically manufactured.[168][169]

Replacing older Ural trucks.[170]

KamAZ-43253 Military truck Russia
Vietnam 		Domestically manufactured.[168][169]

Replacing older Ural trucks.[170]

KamAZ-5350 Military truck Russia
Vietnam 		Chassis of VCS-01 Trường Sơn coastal defense system as well as many many others heavy equipment.[171]
KamAZ-6560 Military truck Russia
Vietnam 		Chassis of VCS-01 Trường Sơn coastal defense system as well as many many others heavy equipment.[171]
KamAZ-4350 Military truck Russia [172]
KamAZ-4326 Military truck Russia [172]
Ural-375 Military truck Soviet Union
Ural-4320 Military truck Soviet Union [172]
ZIL-130 Military truck Soviet Union
ZIL-131 Military truck Soviet Union
ZIL-157 Military truck Soviet Union
GAZ-66 Military truck Soviet Union
KrAZ-255 Military truck Soviet Union
KrAZ-6322 Military truck Ukraine Used for towing artillery and pontoon bridges.[173]
GAZ-3308 Sadko Military truck Russia Mostly use as light truck, used extensively by the Signal Corp as a chassis for electronic systems.[172]
Tatra 815-7 Military truck Czech Republic 4×4 variant for the Chemical Corps; 8×8 variant chassis for the AM-50S bridge layer.
MAZ-6317 Military truck Belarus Used to tow artillery.
Isuzu F-Series Military truck Japan
Hyundai HD170 Military truck South Korea
MAN HX58 Military truck Germany Used as the chassis for the SPYDER
Renault ME160 Military truck France Used by 410th Battalion, 683rd Transportation Brigade.[174]
KZKT-7428 Tank transporter Russia Used to transport tanks and heavy equipment.[175]
MAZ-537 Tank transporter Soviet Union Used to transport tanks and heavy equipment.
Utility Vehicle
Toyota Land Cruiser SUV Unknown Japan Used by high-ranking officers.
Ford Transit Van Unknown GER (design)
THA
Vietnam (manufacturing) 		Used by the Army’s communications force.[176]
Toyota Hilux Pickup truck Unknown Japan (design)
THA
Vietnam (manufacturing) 		Used by the Military Police force and some Army division.
Toyota Innova Light utility vehicle Unknown Japan (design)
IDN
THA (manufacturing) 		Used by Army officers.
Mitsubishi Pajero Utility Vehicle Unknown Japan
THA
AUT (manufacturing) 		Used by the Army’s communications force, typically fitted with a VSAT antenna or an NVIS antenna to form a mobile communication station.[177]
UAZ-469 Military light utility vehicle Unknown Soviet Union Include the more modern Gusar variant.

Former

Infantry Weapon

Pistol

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
M1911A1 Semi-automatic pistol .45 ACP
7.62×25mm Tokarev 		United States
Vietnam 		Captured US M1911A1s in .45 ACP used by the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War. Locally manufactured copies chambered in 7.62×25mm Tokarev. Stored in reserves.
Browning Hi-Power Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum Belgium Stored in reserves for shooting ranges.

Submachine Gun

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
PPSh-41 Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev Soviet Union Stored in reserve.
PPS submachine gun Submachine gun 7.62×25mm Tokarev Soviet Union Stored in reserve.
PM-63 Machine pistol/Submachine gun 9×18mm Makarov Poland Used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces and Guard Police. Retired, may still be in reserve.
Škorpion Submachine gun .32 ACP Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Formerly used by the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong. Potentially transferred to Militia.
Thompson submachine gun Submachine gun .45 ACP United States Used by Viet Cong during Vietnam War.[178]
MAT-49 Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum
7.62×25mm Tokarev 		France .[179][180]

Assault Rifle

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
AMD-65 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Hungarian People's Republic Limited use. Still seems used by People's Army of Vietnam Special Forces in the 2010s.
vz. 58 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm Czechoslovakia Limited use.[181]
Type 63 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm China Used by Militia and Self-defense Forces.
Type 58 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm North Korea Sent as military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War. Limited use.
SKS Semi-automatic rifle 7.62×39mm Soviet Union Used by Honor Guards, Militia Forces, and for ceremonial purposes.[citation needed]
Vz. 54 Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR Czechoslovakia Stored in reserves.
Mosin–Nagant Bolt-action rifle 7.62×54mmR Soviet Union Still seen in service, as a sniper rifle by 2021.
M1 Garand Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO United States Largely captured after the Vietnam War. Stored in reserves.
M14 Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO United States Largely captured after the Vietnam War. Stored in reserves.
MAS-36 Bolt-action rifle 7.5×54mm French France Captured in the First Indochina War.
Karabiner 98k Bolt-action rifle 7.92×57mm Mauser Nazi Germany Supplied by the Soviet Union.
M1 Carbine Carbine .30 carbine United States Largely captured after the Vietnam War.[182] Stored in reserves.
M1903 Springfield Bolt-action rifle .30-03 Springfield United States Stored in reserves.
Lee-Enfield Bolt-action rifle SBT7MK4 .303 British British Empire
Vietnam
(maintenance, parts replaced) 		Limited use by Militia Forces.[183] Modernized as the SBT7MK4, chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO.

Machine Gun

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
Degtyaryov machine gun Light machine gun 7.62×54mmR Soviet Union Large number were stored in reserved.
SG-43 Goryunov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR Soviet Union Large number were stored in reserved.
Uk vz. 59 General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR Czechoslovakia Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.[184]
Type 67 General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR China Used by PAVN and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.
TUL-1 Light machine gun 7.62×39mm Vietnam Vietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the Type 56 frame with an RPK stock, RPD sights, and 30-round AK-47/Type 56 magazines. Manufactured 1970–1974, replaced after local RPK production.
MG 34 General-purpose machine gun 7.92×57mm Mauser Nazi Germany Used by the NVA and Viet Cong in the Vietnam War.[185]
M60 General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO United States Used by PAVN. Limited use.
Mk 21 Mod 0 Medium machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO United States Limited use.
Type 24 Heavy machine gun 7.92×57mm Mauser China
Bren light machine gun Light machine gun .303 British United Kingdom [186]

Sniper Rifle

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
PSL Designated marksman rifle 7.62×54mmR Socialist Republic of Romania May have been retired and replaced by IWI Galatz.

Grenade Launcher

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
Mk 19 grenade launcher Automatic grenade launcher 40×53 mm United States Used in the Sino-Vietnamese War.[187]

Mortar

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
81_mm_Mortar_M1_in_South_Korea M1 mortar Infantry mortar 81 mm Mortar United States
M29 mortar Infantry mortar 81 mm Mortar United States
M1938 Mortar 107 mm Mortar Soviet Union
PM-43 Mortar Type 53
Type 55 		120 mm Mortar Soviet Union Stored in reserves, replace by SC100TX.
M1943 Mortar 160 mm Mortar Soviet Union SStored in reserves, replace by SC100TX.

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-armor Weapon

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Origin Details
Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG)
RPG-2 Rocket-propelled grenade 40 mm HEAT Soviet Union Internally codenamed B-40. Stored in reserve.
Recoilless Rifle
B-11 Anti-tank recoilless rifle 82 mm HEAT Soviet Union Stored in reserves.
M-40 Anti-tank recoilless rifle 105 mm HEAT United States Stored in reserves.

Artillery

Towed Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
M-30[188] 122 mm field gun Soviet Union The USSR provided 450 M-30s from 1964–1969.[189] Some were lost or retired. Stored in reserves.
ML-20 152 mm howitzer Soviet Union Large number stored in reserve in good condition.[190]
M114 155 mm towed howitzer United States Stored in reserves.

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Quantity Origin Details
ASU-85 85 mm assault gun ASU-85 Soviet Union Vietnam is no longer an operator of the ASU-85 as of the 2018 Military Balance, they are likely in reserve or training [191]
M107 175mm self-propelled gun  United States Likely in reserve

Air Defense

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Image Model Type Variant Caliber Quantity Origin Details
ZSU-57-2 57 mm self-propelled anti-aircraft gun ZSU-57-2 57×347 mmSR[137] 500 Soviet Union Stored in reserve.
8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41 88 mm anti-aircraft gun 88×571 mmR Nazi Germany Received from the USSR starting in 1954; used against US fighter jets in the early ’60s.

Development

This section includes weapons in planning, development, or testing phases. Existing systems being modified remain in notes.

  Development completed
  Development ongoing
  Development cancelled

Infantry Weapon

Assault Rifle

Image Model Type Caliber Origin Details
STL-556VN Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO Vietnam Chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO. Features foldable, adjustable stock and full-length Picatinny rail. Manufactured locally at Z111 Factory.[192]
SHMT-M1 Underwater rifle 5.56×45mm NATO flechettes Vietnam Designed to fire underwater or on land. Features a gas regulator to cycle water. Manufactured at Z111 Factory.[193]

Mortar

Image Model Type Caliber Quantity Origin Details
Silenced mortar Silenced mortar 82 mm mortar Vietnam 82 mm silenced mortar based on the Russian 2B25 mortar.
Semi-automatic mortar Semi-automatic mortar 100 mm Mortar Vietnam Semi-automatic mortar based on the SC100TX. Vehicle-mounted, domestic production.

Specs:

  • Range: 6–10 km
  • Fire rate: 6–10 rounds/min
  • Weight: 1.6 tons

Ground Vehicles

Armored Personnel Carrier (APC)

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
XTC-08 Wheeled armoured personnel carrier Vietnam 8×8 APC based on BTR-82A. Waterjet–amphibious, MTU 6R 106 engine, rear ramp for troop entry. Specs:[194]
  • Crew: 2 + 9 troops
  • Weight: 16 t (empty)
  • Dimensions (m): 7.580 L × 2.985 W × 2.8 H
  • Ground clearance: 475 mm
  • Speed (road/water/reverse): 80/ > 7/ > 2 km/h
  • Engine: 326 hp
  • Protection (STANAG 4569): Level 2

Artillery

Rocket / Missile Artillery

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
Modular M270-based MRLS Multiple Launch Rocket System Vietnam Mounted on a KamAZ 8×8 chassis with M270-style modular launch tubes (leaked images).
Z113 Rocket Launcher 70 mm multiple rocket launcher Vietnam Produced by Z113 Factory; displayed at Vietnam Defense Expo 2024; mounted on Toyota pickup; 750 kg. Specs:
  • Range: 5–7 km
  • Warhead weight: 4.0–4.5 kg
  • Length: 950–975 mm
  • Capacity: 40 rounds
  • Fire rate: 120 rpm
  • Control: remote/manual
  • Features: impact/proximity fuse, laser rangefinder

Air Defense

Anti-aircraft Artillery

Image Model Type Caliber Quantity Origin Details
[citation needed] VDI-SPAAG-2×30 Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 30×210 mm Vietnam Based on XCB-01 chassis; conceptual (not final design).[citation needed] Specs:
  • 360° AESA search radar
  • Optoelectronic suite
  • Ku-band tracking radar
  • Smoke grenades, laser warning
  • FCS
  • Remote-controlled turret
  • ABM/AHEAD ammunition
  • 7.62 mm coaxial MG
  • AA missile launcher (likely TL-01)

Procurement

  Procurement completed
  Procurement ongoing
  Procurement cancelled

Infantry Weapon

Rocket-propelled Grenade (RPG) / Anti-Armor Weapon

Image Model Type Caliber Origin Details
Anti-tank Guided Missile (ATGM)
Spike Anti-tank guided missile 130–170 mm Israel Vietnam is finalizing a $500 million deal with Rafael to produce Spike missiles domestically.[195]

Ground Vehicle

Vietnam signed a 2002–2005 military-technical cooperation agreement with Ukraine to upgrade armor and artillery, and improve co-production and repair. It also signed with Russia and developed domestic production and repair capabilities.[196]

Tank

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
Alabino05042017-40 T-72 Main battle tank 150 Soviet Union
Poland 		Poland agreed in March 2005 to sell Vietnam 150 T-72s for training, maintenance, and repair, but cancelled in 2006 to focus on Navy and Air Force.[196]

T-59 MBT pic-022

T-54/55 Main battle tank Soviet Union
Israel 		In 2006, Israel reported selling two light armored vehicles to Vietnam (UNROCA). Israeli firms bid to modernize T-54/55s with armor, night vision, and FCS upgrades (Poland-produced).[197]
70 Soviet Union
Finland 		In February 2005, Finland ceded about 70 Soviet-era T-54/55 tanks to Vietnam.[198]

Self-propelled Artillery / Mobile Artillery

Image Model Type Quantity Origin Details
K9 Thunder 155 mm self-propelled artillery 20 South Korea Vietnam is negotiating to acquire K9 Thunder SPHs to replace aging artillery. $300 million deal includes 20 K9s and K10 ammo carriers, with technology transfer.[199][200]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Sergei Blagov (5 September 2003). "Russian missiles to guard skies over Vietnam". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2003. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  3. ^ Parameswaran, Prashanth. "Japan-Vietnam Defense Relations in the Indo-Pacific Spotlight". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  4. ^ Wendell Minnick (31 August 2015). "Vietnam Pushes Modernization as China Challenge Grows". Defense News. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  5. ^ Half a century of branding of Z176
  6. ^ Vietnamese special forces catch up with the world's leading bulletproof helmet trend
  7. ^ "Mũ chống đạn của Quân đội Việt Nam chịu được đạn 9mm". netnews.vn. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  8. ^ "Tìm hiểu các loại mũ sắt, mũ chống đạn của QĐNDVN". soha.vn (in Vietnamese). 5 July 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d "Tìm hiểu các loại mũ sắt, mũ chống đạn của QĐNDVN". 5 July 2014.
  10. ^ "Mũ chống đạn của Quân đội Việt Nam chịu được đạn 9mm". netnews.vn. 13 June 2016. Archived from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
  11. ^ "Vietnam Ssh60". Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
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Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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