List of fastest computers This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built. Year Country of site Site Vendor / builder Computer Performance[a] R 1938 Germany Personal research and development Berlin, Germany Konrad Zuse Z1 1.00 IPS [1] 1940 Z2 1.25 IPS [2] 1941 Z3 20.00 IPS [3] 1944  United Kingdom Bletchley Park Tommy Flowers and his team, Post Office Research Station Colossus 5.00 kIPS [4] 1945 United States University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ENIAC 5.00 kIPS [5] 1951 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory Whirlwind I 20.00 kIPS [6] 1958 McGuire Air Force Base IBM AN/FSQ-7 75.00 kIPS [7] 1960 United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7090 229.00 kIPS [8] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Remington Rand's UNIVAC LARC 250.00 kIPS [9] 1961 United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory IBM 7030 Stretch 1.20 MIPS [10] 1962  United Kingdom University of Manchester University of Manchester, Ferranti International, and Plessey Co. Atlas 1.00 MFLOPS [11] 1964  United States Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos CDC 6600 3.00 MFLOPS [12] 1969 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7600 36.00 MFLOPS [13] 1974 STAR-100 100.00 MFLOPS [14] 1976 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Cray Cray-1 160.00 MFLOPS [15] 1980  United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell CDC Cyber 205 400.00 MFLOPS [16] 1983  United States National Security Agency Cray X-MP/4 713.00 MFLOPS* [17] 1985  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cray Cray-2 1.41 GFLOPS* [18] 1988 NASA Ames Research Center Y-MP/832 2.14 GFLOPS* [17] 1990  Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Fujitsu VP2600/10 4.00 GFLOPS* [19] 1992  Canada Atmospheric Environment Service NEC SX-3/44 20.00 GFLOPS* [20] 1993  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 59.70 GFLOPS* [21]  Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 124.20 GFLOPS* [22] 1994  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel Paragon XP/S 140 143.40 GFLOPS* [23]  Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 170.00 GFLOPS* [22] 1996 University of Tokyo Hitachi SR2201 232.40 GFLOPS* [24] University of Tsukuba CP-PACS 368.20 GFLOPS* [25] 1997  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel ASCI Red 1.06 TFLOPS* [26] 2000 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM ASCI White 4.93 TFLOPS* [27] 2001 7.20 TFLOPS* 2002  Japan JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center NEC Earth Simulator 35.86 TFLOPS* [28] 2004  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Blue Gene/L 70.72 TFLOPS* [29] 2005 136.80 TFLOPS* 280.60 TFLOPS* 2007 478.20 TFLOPS* 2008  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory IBM Roadrunner 1.02 PFLOPS* [30] 1.10 PFLOPS* 2009 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Jaguar 1.75 PFLOPS* [31] 2010  China National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-1A 2.57 PFLOPS* [32] 2011  Japan RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Fujitsu K computer 10.51 PFLOPS* [33] 2012  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q) 16.32 PFLOPS* [34] Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Titan 17.59 PFLOPS* [35] 2013  China National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-2 33.86 PFLOPS* [36] 2016 National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi NRCPC Sunway TaihuLight 93.01 PFLOPS* [37] 2018  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory IBM Summit 122.30 PFLOPS* [38] 2019 148.60 PFLOPS* [39] 2020  Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Fujitsu Fugaku 415.53 PFLOPS* [40] 442.01 PFLOPS* 2022  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory HPE Cray Frontier 1.102 EFLOPS* [41] 2023 1.194 EFLOPS* 2024 1.206 EFLOPS* Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Capitan 1.742 EFLOPS* [42] a. ^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite. This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2016) See also History of supercomputing Timeline of instructions per second (IPS) TOP500 § Systems ranked No. 1 since 1976 (FLOPS) References ^ "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20. ^ Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206. ^ "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20. ^ Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28. ^ Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and discussions presented at the Dec. 10-12, 1951, joint AIEE-IRE computer conference: Review of electronic digital computers on - AIEE-IRE '51. ACM. pp. 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28. ^ "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594. ^ Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308. ^ Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978 ^ "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19. ^ "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19. ^ "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ a b "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01. ^ "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29. ^ "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16. ^ "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07. ^ "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19. Computer Speeds From Instruction Mixes (pre-1960 to 1971) TOP500 #1 systems since 1993 – TOP500.org

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