Name(s)
|
Appeared in
|
Program / Mission / Spacecraft
|
Fictional date
|
(1980–1989)
|
Erhardt (CDR) Jensen (Co-pilot) Halverson Garcia (First names not given)
|
A Cold Wind From Orion (1980), novel
|
Space Shuttle
|
Contemporary
|
Astronauts of the United States Space Agency (USSA) on a mission to prevent the uncontrolled re-entry of an orbiting bioweapons laboratory.[d][16]
|
Steven Bancroft (CDR) Lewis "Lew" Price (PLT) John Gates,[e] Col. (USAF)
|
Hangar 18 (a.k.a. The Hangar 18 Cover-Up, Invasion Force) (1980), film
|
Space Shuttle
|
Contemporary (from October 25)[f]
|
Launch of the first satellite by a Shuttle crew strikes a nearby UFO, killing Gates, who is conducting an EVA in the cargo bay.[17][18]
|
Three unnamed cosmonauts
|
Death Beam (1981), novel
|
Soviet Space Shuttle Space Station
|
Near Future
|
Cosmonauts assigned to assist the assembly of an orbital particle beam weapon aboard the Soviet Union's new permanently crewed space station.[19]
|
Soyuz 47 Valentin Karpov (Flight Cmdr.) Boris Tsiolkovsky (Flight Engineer) Shabir Al'Timimi (Pilot)
Orbiter 102 Michael Allon, Col. Peter Peabody, Col. David Browne, Col.
|
The Hunting of Salyut 7 (1981), novel
|
Soyuz Soyuz 47
Salyut Salyut 7
Space Shuttle Orbiter 102
|
Near Future
|
Palestinian Guest Cosmonaut hijacks an armed Soviet space-station.[20]
|
Unnamed American astronauts
|
The Mahdi (1981), novel
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
|
Contemporary/Near Future (Alternate 1980s)
|
Astronauts on a mission to place a satellite in geosynchronous orbit over the city of Mecca.[21]
|
Columbia: Unnamed pilot Unnamed copilot
Unnamed shuttle: Tom Queensbury (CDR) George Wyatt (PLT) Rob Edwards (Backup PLT)
Salyut-8: Mendenovich, Maj. (Commander) Petrov Chan (Mongolia) (no first names given)
Soyuz-T3 assigned crew: Zolotov (no first name given) Unnamed cosmonaut
Soyuz-T3: Nick Carter [Nicholas J. Huntington Carter] (AXE) Martina Ludonova Dubrovnik (AXE)
Soyuz: Gregor Kolakovich, Col. (KGB) Pietr (no last name given) Unnamed cosmonaut
|
Nick Carter The Solar Menace (1981), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Columbia Unnamed shuttle
Salyut-8 Soyuz-T3 Soyuz
|
Contemporary (Midwinter)
|
Space Shuttle launches are sabotaged by Kolakovich. Carter and Dubrovnik commandeer Soyuz-T3 to fly to Salyut-8, which is equipped with solar mirror used by Soviets to destroy US listening posts. Kolakovich made four previous spaceflights. Delta wing Soviet space shuttle under development is mentioned.[22]
|
Vince Torino, Lt. Col William Cranston
Columbia: Christopher "Rusty" Bishop III, Col. (CDR) Richard Merriman, Lt. Col. (PLT)
Enterprise: Austin "Tex" Harwood, Col. (CDR) Adrienne Brooks, Dr. (PLT)
Atlantis: Lionel Gerber Gordon Alexander
Yorktown: Jack Lewis, Jr., Lt. Cmdr. (USN) Robert D. Clark, Lt. Col. (USAF)
Hornet: Noonan Schacter (First names not given)
|
Shuttle (1981), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Columbia Enterprise Atlantis
Hypersonic Boosters: Yorktown Hornet
|
Late 20th Century
|
The first attempt to launch a space shuttle using a crewed booster fails, leaving both craft stranded in orbit.[23]
|
Joe Marvin
Atlantis: Frank King, Col. (USAF), Pilot Lew Clay, Cmdr. (USN), Co-Pilot George "Hap" Hazard, P/S Jacqueline Hart, M/S
|
Shuttle Down (1980/81), magazine serial, (1981), novel
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
|
Near Future
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis is forced to make an emergency landing on Easter Island after launching from Vandenberg, causing an international crisis.[24][25][26][27][28]
|
Nikolai Federenko, Maj. (USSR) Keith Stoner, Dr. (NASA)
|
Voyagers (1981), novel
|
Soyuz
|
July 1984
|
Soviet cosmonaut and American astronaut who rendezvous with an alien spacecraft some 1 million miles from Earth. Craft is a standard Soyuz docked to three other larger modules assembled at Salyut 6 along with a fourth "tanker" module.
|
Roger Canfield, Capt. Jennifer Tate David Ackroyd
|
The Astronauts (1982), TV
|
NASA: Scilab (space station)
|
Near Future
|
Unsold pilot for American remake of British sitcom about astronauts on space station.[29][30]
|
Alvin Hyer, Capt. Dale Wilson, Capt.
|
The Greatest American Hero The Shock Will Kill You (1982), TV
|
Space Shuttle Columbia
|
Contemporary
|
Shuttle on a mission to rendezvous with uncrewed Venus probe (Eagle Scoop Explorer) is disabled by electric charge. Ralph Hinkley lands the shuttle safely, but both astronauts are dead.[31]
|
Alan Shepley (Pilot) Hinton (Co-Pilot) (no first name given) Unnamed payload specialist
|
"Memories of the Space Age" (1982), short story
|
Space Shuttle
|
Near Future
|
Hinton murders former Apollo astronaut Shepley in orbit, causing time to slow in Florida.[32][33][34]
|
Alvin Kingsbury (CDR) Randy Hull (Co-Pilot)
|
Orbit (1982), novel
|
Space Shuttle 02
|
Near Future
|
When a hypersonic airliner suffers a malfunction that results in it being trapped in orbit NASA prepares a space shuttle for a rescue mission.[g][35]
|
Dove: Oleg Sedrov, Cmdr. Nicolay Talin (Co-Pilot) Genin (Meteorologist) Vinnikov (First names not given for the last two crew)
|
The Red Dove (1982), novel
|
Soviet Space Shuttle Dove
|
Near Future
May 1983 – January 1984
|
Co-pilot of the first Soviet Space Shuttle decides to defect to the United States along with his spacecraft after he discovers that the shuttle is carrying a thermonuclear weapon.[36]
|
Unnamed pilot Unnamed replacement pilot (M.A.D.)
|
Inspector Gadget Launch Time (1983), TV
|
Space shuttle (Single-stage-to-orbit)
|
Contemporary
|
M.A.D. agent replaces astronaut pilot for satellite repair mission.
|
Columbia: Chuck (Surname not given) Unnamed astronaut
|
Invasion 1984! (1983), comic book[h]
|
Space Shuttle Columbia
|
1984
|
Astronauts sent to make first contact with a fleet of alien spacecraft.[37]
|
Excalibur: White Hess Frisch Carroll (First names not given)
Soyuz: Vladimir Sergeevich Danilov Yuriy Ivanovich Zhukov
|
Kiev Footprint (1983), novel
|
Space Shuttle Excalibur
Soyuz
|
Alternate 1980s
|
After the space shuttle Excalibur loses contact with Earth while on a military mission, the Soviet Union sends a Soyuz to investigate.[38]
|
Kennedy (CDR) Goode (PLT) Jonathan Jaspar, Dr. (Astronomer) Governor (Unnamed) (Passenger) Mayor of Square Toe City (Unnamed) (Passenger) Lavinia Pickerell (Passenger)
|
Miss Pickerell and the Blue Whales (1983), novel
|
Space Agency (NASA?): Space Shuttle
|
Near Future (Early October)
|
Miss Pickerell travels aboard space shuttle to investigate declining blue whale population. Sequel to Miss Pickerell Goes to Mars, Miss Pickerell on the Moon and Miss Pickerell and the Weather Satellite (q.v.).[39]
|
Christopher Leyland, Lt. Col. William Cooke, Maj. Wren T. Packard, Capt. Janet Caulden, Capt.
|
Blind Prophet (1984), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Constitution Independence
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
Crews of armed space shuttles sent to destroy Soviet military satellites. The satellites are launched under the guise of the double launch of the space stations Salyut 9 and Salyut 10.[40]
|
NASA astronauts: Neil O'Hara Al Benyon Jim Bayliss Mike Pepper
Non-NASA payload specialists: Kellinah Assad David Heinlein
|
Dominator (1984), novel
|
Space Shuttle Dominator (OV-141)
|
Near Future
|
NASA astronauts assigned to fly the Space Shuttle Dominator.[41]
|
Florida Arklab: Billy Hayes Max Marek
Maryland: Eva Thompson Gregor Vandenburg
|
The Noah's Ark Principle (1984), film
|
Space Station Florida Arklab
Space Shuttle Maryland
|
Near Future
10 November 1997 – 13 November 1997
|
Astronauts of the United States/European Space Agency (USESA) who find themselves caught up in a murderous conspiracy.[42]
|
Ellen Vale, Dr. John Fitch Robert Malfi
|
The Sheriff and the Astronaut (1984), TV
|
NASA
|
Contemporary
|
Unsold crime drama pilot about Vale's romance with sheriff of Carrow County.[43][44]
|
Anna Firdova, Maj. Sergi Bustovsky, Maj. Two unnamed cosmonauts
|
Black Alert (1985), novel
|
Soviet Space Station Medusa
Soyuz? Minotaur
|
Contemporary?
|
Cosmonauts assigned to crew a nuclear armed space station.[45]
|
Yurii Ryumin Vladimir Malyshev
|
Cold Sea Rising (1985), novel
|
Soyuz? Soyuz P7
|
1999
|
Cosmonauts on an Earth-sciences mission similar to that of Soyuz 22 who observe a volcanic eruption separate the Ross ice shelf from the Antarctic continent.[46]
|
Cecil Howe, Cmdr. Eva Jordan, Dr. Walker (First name not given)
|
Def-Con 4 (a.k.a. Ground Zero) (1985), film
|
Space Station Nemesis
|
Near Future ("The day after tomorrow")
|
Military astronauts who become trapped in orbit when World War III breaks out.[47]
|
Rick Halman, Maj. (CDR) Jeff Cooper, Capt. (PLT) Brett Hilton (Mission Specialist) Nat Cramer (Project Specialist) Frank Hardy (passenger) Joe Hardy (passenger) Chet Morton [Chester "Chet" Morton Jr.] (passenger)
|
The Hardy Boys The Skyfire Puzzle (1985), novel
|
Space Shuttle Skyfire Spacelab
|
Contemporary (Summer)
|
The Hardys and their friend Chet Morton participate in shuttle mission linked to an industrial espionage case.[48]
|
Alexis Gnutov
|
Silent Warriors (1985), novel
|
Soyuz
Salyut Salyut 27, "Lenin"
|
Near Future
|
Cosmonaut on a solo mission to a Salyut. Killed when the experimental laser weapon he is testing explodes on the first firing attempt.[49]
|
Steve Trevor [Steven Rockwell Trevor], Col. (USAF)
|
The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians The Darkseid Deception (1985), TV
|
Space Shuttle
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
Wonder Woman's boyfriend on solo Earth orbital mission to retrieve damaged TC-7 defense satellite. He is kidnapped and impersonated by Darkseid.
|
Orbit One: Unnamed astronauts
Rescue One: Phillip O'Toole, Capt. (CDR) Elizabeth Billings, Capt. (PLT) Daniel Track, Maj. (United States Army/The Consortium) (Mission Specialist)
|
Track Revenge of the Master (1985), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Orbit One Rescue One
|
Contemporary
|
NASA mission to launch four satellites and simulate rescue of Orbit One crew is targeted by criminal organization D.E.A.T.H. (Directorate for Espionage, Assassination, Terrorism and Harassment).[50]
|
Becky Don Gary (no last names given)
|
The Twilight Zone Chameleon (1985), TV
|
Space Shuttle Discovery
|
Contemporary
|
NASA astronauts performing EVA when alien intelligence hitches ride on shuttle.
|
Digger Reed
|
The Disney Sunday Movie Hero in the Family (1986), TV
|
NASA
|
Contemporary
|
Astronaut who switches minds with chimpanzee during spaceflight.[51]
|
Edward Jupp, Maj. Larry Wahlquist Newman, Col. (First name not given)
|
The Krone Experiment (1986), novel
|
Space Shuttle
|
Contemporary
|
Crew of a Space Shuttle on a military mission to capture a Soviet military satellite.[52]
|
Morrow (Commander) West Calahan Lois Joanne Lane (Journalist) Unnamed astronaut[i]
|
The Man of Steel #1 (1986), comic book
|
NASA: Constitution (spaceplane)
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
Superman's rescue of crashing spaceplane leads to his first meeting with Lois Lane in post-Crisis reality.[53]
|
First shuttle mission: Paul Hawkins, Cmdr. (USN) (CDR) Tom Young, Maj. (Ph.D.) (USAF) (PLT) Lisa Morrell, Dr. (Mission Specialist) John Richardson, Maj. (USAF) (Payload Specialist)
Second shuttle mission: Paul Hawkins (CDR) Tom Young (PLT) Lisa Morrell (Mission Specialist) Nick Carter [Nicholas J. Huntington Carter] (AXE) (impersonating Richard Chappell, Lt. Col., USAF) (Payload Specialist)
Salyut: Sergei (no last name given) Unnamed cosmonaut
|
Nick Carter-Killmaster Death Orbit (1986), novel
|
Space Shuttle Two shuttle missions
Soyuz-Salyut
|
Contemporary/Near Future (September – October)
|
Secret USAF shuttle missions, the first to launch an Air Force satellite, the second to investigate Richardson's murder during EVA. Salyut is stealth-capable and armed with six nuclear missiles.[54]
|
Zach Bergstrom
Atlantis: Andie Bergstrom
|
SpaceCamp (1986), film
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
Space Station Daedalus
|
Contemporary
|
Astronaut camp instructor Andie Bergstrom is accidentally launched into space with a bunch of teenagers.[55][56][57]
|
Jim Hollis, Cdr. (USN) (CDR) Rachel "Rocky" Garvey, Lt. Col. (USAF) (PLT)
|
The Wild Blue: The Novel of the U.S. Air Force (1986), novel
|
Space Shuttle Constitution (simulator)
|
Contemporary
|
Epilogue features astronauts on simulated Space Shuttle mission.[58]
|
Antares: Blacky Moran, Cmdr. (USN) (CDR) Susan York (Co-Pilot) Adrienne Cortez, MS (Brazil) Georgi Mikoyan (USSR) Unnamed Japanese astronaut Unnamed Swedish astronaut Unnamed New Zealander astronaut
|
Zoboa (1986), novel
|
Space Shuttle Antares
Space Station Olympus
|
Near Future
|
Islamic extremists try to use stolen nuclear weapons to destroy Cape Canaveral.[59]
|
NASA Chuck Samson
Valley Forge: Joe Dover, Cmdr. Bob Ortega, Maj. Brian MacFay, Capt. Unnamed pilot
Kosmolyot II (1): Andrian E. Bykovsky, Maj.
Kosmolyot II (2): Vladimir M. Koidunov, Col.
|
Alpha Bug (1987), novel
|
Space Shuttle Valley Forge
Kosmolyot II
|
Near Future
|
When a Soviet military spaceplane gets into trouble in orbit the United States sends up a shuttle to investigate. The novel also contains reference to Salyut 9 and an aborted joint US/Soviet space project called Spacelab 5.[60]
|
Gordon McAfee, Col. Unnamed astronauts
|
Cthulhu Now "The Killer Out of Space" (1987), role playing game
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
|
Contemporary/Near Future[j]
|
While on a two-week mission Atlantis encounters something strange in space forcing an emergency landing in Kansas.[62]
|
Ben Woods, Adm. (USN) Richard Seedeck, Cmdr. (USN)[k] Jerrod Bates Connors Matsumo (First names not provided for the last two crew)
|
Flight of the Old Dog (1987), novel
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
|
1988[l]
|
Crew of a military mission to deploy SDI satellites.[64]
|
Space Shuttle: Peter Venkman, Dr. Raymond Stantz, Dr. Egon Spengler, Dr. Winston Zeddemore
Galileo: Kirov, Capt. Irahqua, Lt. McTavish, Lt. Sato, Lt. Whitney, Yeoman
|
The Real Ghostbusters Ain't NASA-sarily So (1987), TV
|
Space Shuttle Experimental Space Platform Galileo
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
The Ghostbusters investigate a haunted space station.[65]
|
Misha Two other cosmonauts
|
Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987), film
|
Soyuz Salyut?
|
Contemporary
|
Cosmonauts rescued by Superman.
|
Atlantis: Wakeman (CDR) Unnamed American astronauts
Kutuzov: Three unnamed cosmonauts
|
Winter Hawk (1987), novel
|
Space Shuttle Atlantis
Raketoplan* Kutuzov
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
Atlantis is in orbit to rendezvous with a Soviet space shuttle, while the Kutuzov deploys a Soviet laser weapon to destroy Atlantis.[66]
|
Bob Campbell
Victory: Lawrence Joshua "Law" Kincaid, Col. (USN) Unnamed astronauts
|
Long Time Coming (1988), novel
|
Space Shuttle Victory
|
Contemporary
|
Kincaid, who signed a peace treaty with Russia in space, discovers he has a teenage son.[67]
|
Enterprise: Jerrod Will, Col. (USAF) (CDR) Richard Sontag, Col. (USMC) (PLT) Kevin Baker, Dr. (Mission Specialist) Marty Schultz, Capt. (Space Command) (Payload Specialist) Ann Page, Dr. (Mission Specialist)
Armstrong Space Station: Jason "Jas" Saint-Michael, Brig Gen (Commander) Jim Walker, Col. (Vice-commander/deputy commander for operations) Wayne Marks, Col. (Deputy commander for engineering) Jake Jefferson, CMSgt (Chief sensor technician) Bayles (Technician) Davis (Technician) Sean Kelly (Technician) John Montgomery, Amn (Technician) Ted Moyer, Amn (Electronics Technician) Wallis Yemana
America: Jason Saint-Michael, Brig Gen (Pilot) Jonathan Hampton, Col. (Co-pilot) Ken Horvath, Maj. (First officer) Marty Schultz, Capt. (Payload Specialist) Ann Page, Dr. (Payload Specialist)
Elektron One: Alesander Govorov, General Lieutenant (promoted to Marshal)
Elektron Two: Ivan Voloshin, Col.
Elektron Two: Andrei Kozhedub, Col.
Elektron Three: Yuri Litvyak, Col.
|
Silver Tower (1988), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Enterprise Atlantis
United States Space Command: Armstrong Space Station (aka "Silver Tower") Hypersonic Transportation System America (spaceplane)
Soviet Space Defense Command: Three Elektron spaceplanes
|
February 1992 – January 1993
|
American personnel aboard military space station during Soviet invasion of Iran. Enterprise was refitted for spaceflight after Challenger disaster. Govorov was the first Soviet space shuttle cosmonaut.[68]
|
Discovery: Smokey (CDR) Bob (PLT) Chico (Mission Specialist) Ann (Mission Specialist) (no last names given) Mary Two Hawks [O'Sullivan] (Doctoral candidate) (Passenger to Friendship) William Wong (Canada) (Doctoral candidate) (Passenger to Friendship) Wayne Morrison (Doctoral candidate) (Passenger to Friendship)
Friendship: Stu Robinson (USAF) (Station Commander) Beth "Dr. T." Tippett, Dr. (Lead life sciences) Dave (Life sciences) (no last name given) Barnaby "Barney"[m] Caldwell, Col. (Earth sciences) Edie White, Ph.D. (Materials processing) David Bishop, Dr. (Astrophysics officer) Sean Finnegan, Dr. (Manager of orbital medicine [MOM]) Mitsue (Japan) Shoji (Japan) Unnamed astronauts
Homer: Bobby Dalton Barney Caldwell
Mir: Vladimir (no last name given) Unnamed cosmonauts
|
Space Station Friendship: A Visit with the Crew in 2007 (1988), novel
|
Space Shuttle Discovery
Space Station Friendship
Homer (Orbital transfer vehicle [OTV])
Mir
|
2007 (Autumn)[n]
July 20, 2019
|
Two Hawks, Wong and Morrison are the first doctoral candidates to visit the space station as part of their thesis work. Robinson is a three-time shuttle veteran. Dalton and Caldwell traveled up to GEO platform aboard OTV. Hermes and HOTOL are also operational in this era. Two Hawks later becomes the first human to give birth on the Moon.[69]
|
Unnamed astronaut
|
"Astronauts" (1989), short story
|
Space Shuttle
|
Late 1980s (September – Summer)
|
Astronaut speaks to high school assembly "in the wake of the Challenger disaster".[70][71]
|
Roger Houston (Commander) Buzz Airfields (Pilot) Joy Rider (Scientist)
|
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Out to Launch (1989), TV
|
Spaceplane (Single-stage-to-orbit)
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
The Rescue Rangers must save an experimental spaceplane after a meteor strike.[72]
|
Lowell Crawford, Col. (USAF) (CDR) Henry "Hank" Doherty, Lt. Cmdr. (USN) (PLT) Alan Cresottie (PS) Minh Tran, Dr. (PS) Ward Culdrew, Maj. (USMC) (MS)
|
Defcon One (1989), novel
|
Space Shuttle Columbia
|
Contemporary/Near Future
|
Astronauts assigned to launch SDI satellites.[73]
|
Jason "Einstein" Grant, Col. Ray "The Penetrator" Tanner (Co-pilot)
|
Moontrap (1989), film
|
Apollo
Space Shuttles: Camelot Intrepid
|
Contemporary
|
Astronauts using remnant Apollo hardware for a trip to the Moon.[74][75]
|
Discovery: Conrad Williams III (CDR) Joey Wells (United States) (PLT) George Evans (UK) Aelita Zakharov Vladimir Turnov (USSR) Alex Vonberger (GDR)
OV-105: Gerald Bingham (CDR) Brad Parker (PLT) Russell Madlinger[o]
|
Night Launch (1989), novel
|
Space Shuttles: Discovery OV-105
|
c. 1990
|
A sleeper agent for a Neo-Nazi organization hijacks the space shuttle carrying out the first joint US/USSR space mission since the ASTP, forcing NASA to launch the untested replacement for Challenger on a desperate rescue mission.[76]
|
Tucker Wilson, Col. (USAF) (CDR) Fred Hagen (USAF) (PLT) Conners, Capt. (USAF) (Mission Specialist) Miller (USAF) (Mission Specialist) Holmquist (USAF) (Payload Specialist) (First names not given for last three)
|
Phases of Gravity (1989), novel
|
Space Shuttle
|
November 1988
|
Classified Space Shuttle mission carrying Department of Defense payload, possibly based on STS-27. Wilson is an Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle veteran.[77]
|
Space Shuttle Five unnamed military astronauts
Soyuz 881 Nikolai Sitnikov Three unnamed cosmonauts
|
Star Shot (1989), novel (First published as Enemy Territory)
|
Space Shuttle
Soviet Space Shuttle? Soyuz 881
|
Contemporary
|
The Soviet Union attempts to destroy, or if that fails, to steal an experimental SDI satellite.[78][79]
|
Mikhail Suslov: Dmitri Bulganin, Lt. Col. Unnamed co-pilot
Intrepid: Frank Mulchahey, Maj. Julian Kapuscinski, Col. Jerry Rodriquez, Dr.
Constellation: Philip Heitmann, Lt. Col. (USMC) Jack Townsend, Maj. (USAF) Sandford Watkins, Maj. (United States Army)
Soyuz: Vasili Lubinin Sergi Yemitov
Kestrel: Leroy "Mad Dog" Monaghan, Cmdr. (USN) Peter "Hot Rod" Lamborghini, Col.
|
Storming Intrepid (1989), novel
|
Soviet Space Shuttle Mikhail Suslov
Space Shuttles: Intrepid Constellation
Soyuz
Spaceplane Kestrel
|
Contemporary
|
The Soviet Union tries to hijack a Space Shuttle.[80][81]
|
Scott Cartwright, Gen. (USAF)
|
Target Stealth (1989), novel
|
X-15
Space Shuttle Atlantis[p]
|
Contemporary/Near future
|
Iran tries to steal a prototype stealth bomber.[82]
|