List of mobile network operators in Europe

A mobile network operator, also known as a wireless service provider, wireless carrier, cellular company, or mobile network carrier is a provider of wireless communication services.

The main mobile network operators in Europe are listed below.

Albania

Albania as per has 3.66 million subscribers, of whom 2.49 million are active users (101% penetration rate) (Q1 2021).

Active users are considered those who have communicated in the last three months.^[1]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Albania is the AKEP.

In 2022 4iG group, owning ONE Telecommunications, acquired a majority stake of ALBtelecom Mobile, 80.27%,^[2] to a network merger in 2023.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	One Albania • Includes the former ALBtelecom Mobile network.^[3]	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3400/3500 MHz 5G NR	1.914 (Q3 2021)	4iG^[4]^[5]	27601 27603
2	Vodafone Albania	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE 3700 MHz/3800 MHz 5G NR	1.740 (Q3 2025)	Vodafone Group plc (99.9%)	27602

Andorra

Andorra has 88,109 mobile subscribers^[6] or about 113.63% mobile penetration.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Andorra Telecom (formerly Servei de Telecomunicacions d'Andorra)	900/1800 MHz GPRS 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE-LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.088^[7] (2021)	Government of Andorra^[8]	21303

Armenia

Armenia has 3.5 million subscribers in total, and a 120% penetration rate.^[9]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Viva Armenia	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA) LTE, LTE-A, 5G, VoLTE, VoWiFi LTE-1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE)	2.2 (Q1 2022)^[10]	Viva Armenia Fedilco Group Limited (Zhe Zhang (75%) and Konstantin Sokolov (25%)) (80%) and Government of Armenia (20%)	28305
2	Team	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) (UMTS, HSDPA) LTE-LTE-A (900 MHz, 1800 MHz)	1.0 (November 2017)	Telecom Armenia CJSC	28301
3	Ucom	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS-900/2100 MHz (Band: B1/B8) UMTS, HSDPA LTE-LTE-A -1800/2600 MHz (Band: B3/B7) (LTE), VoLTE, 5G	0.933 (December 2017)	Ucom	28310

Austria

Austria has 13.0 million assigned numbers (i.e. 2.0 2G, 10.8 3G and 0.1 4G SIM cards), or a 151.0% penetration rate (Q4 2014).^[11]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Austria is the Austrian Regulatory Authority for Broadcasting and Telecommunications (RTR).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	A1	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR	5.148 (including yesss!) (Q3 2022)^[12]	A1 Group (América Móvil (60.6%), ÖBAG (28.4%), institutional and others (7.6%), retail (3.4%)).	23201
2	Magenta Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, max.mobil)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ (roams on 3's UMTS network where no UMTS) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	4.557 (Q2 2022)^[13]	Deutsche Telekom AG	23203
3	Drei • Includes the previous Orange network.	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) (roams on Magenta Telekom's GSM network when needed) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR	2.761 (Q4 2024)^[14]	CK Hutchison Holdings	23205

Azerbaijan

In December 2005, Azerbaijan had 2 million subscribers in total, a 25% penetration rate.^{[citation needed]} In 2014, Azerbaijan had over 10 million subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate.^{[citation needed]}

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Azercell	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE	4.417^[15] (April 2013)	AzInTelecom (state-owned company)	40001
2	Bakcell	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE^[16]	3.4	Neqsol Holding	40002
3	Nar	GSM 1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE	2.1 (March 2014)	Azerfon LLC	40004
4	Nakhtel (operating in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic)	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE CDMA 800		Nakhtel LLC	40006

Belarus

Belarus has 12.0 million subscribers in total, or a 126% penetration rate in Q4 of 2020.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belarus is the Ministry of Communications and Informatization.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	MTS	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE	5.7 (Q1 2022)^[10]	Beltelecom (51%) MTS (49%)	25702
2	A1 (formerly velcom)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi	4.959 (Q3 2024)^[17]	A1 Group	25701
3	Life	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A	1.5 (Q2 2024)^[18]	Turkcell	25704

Belgium

Belgium has 13.89 million subscribers in total, or a 124% penetration rate^[19] (Q4 2014).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Belgium is the Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications (BIPT).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Proximus (formerly Belgacom)	900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	5.095 (Q4 2024)^[20]	Proximus Group N.V./S.A.(Government of Belgium 53.3%, NJJ 6.61%^[21])	20601
2	Orange (formerly Mobistar, OBE)	900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi	3.467 (Q4 2024)^[22]	Orange S.A. (76.97%), others (23.03%)	20610
3	Base/Telenet	900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi	2.679 (Q2 2024)^[23]	Telenet Group N.V./S.A. (Liberty Global 100%)	20620
4	DIGI	Roaming on Proximus LTE/LTE-A Network 700/900/1800/2100/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR^[24] VoLTE	Not available yet	51% CityMesh, (subsidiary of Cegeka Groep N.V.) 49% Digi Communications N.V.	20612

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In December 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina had 3.811 million subscribers in total,^[25] or a 115% penetration rate.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Communications Regulatory Agency (Regulatorna agencija za komunikacije, RAK).^[26]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers in million	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	BH Mobile (formerly GSM-BIH)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only) 5G NR (in development)	1.577 (Q2 2023)	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (90%), free float (10%)	21890
2	m:tel (formerly MOBI'S)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM (postpaid only)	1.273 (Q2 2023)	Telekom Srbija	21805
3	HT ERONET (formerly HTmobile)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM 5G NR (in development)	0.834 (Q2 2023)	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%), Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%)	21803
4	haloo (MVNO of ERONET)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE), 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+, HSDPA, HSUPA, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM	-	Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (50.10%), Hrvatski Telekom (39.10%, Hrvatska pošta (5.23%), free float (5.27%)	21803

Bulgaria

Bulgaria has 8 014 473 subscribers in total, or a 124.3% penetration rate according to the CRC annual report for 2023.^[27]

The regulatory authority for Telecommunication in Bulgaria is the Communications Regulation Commission (CRC).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers^[28] (in millions)	Coverage	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	A1 (formerly Mtel, Mobiltel)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 700/3600 MHz 5G NR	3.758 (Q2 2024)	Link	A1 Group	28401
2	Vivacom (formerly Vivatel)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 1800/3600 MHz 5G NR	3.354 (Q4 2023)	Link	United Group	28403
3	Yettel (formerly Telenor, Globul)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, eSIM 700/2600/3600 MHz 5G NR	3.23 (Q4 2023)	Link	e& PPF Telecom Group	28405

Croatia

Croatia has 4,404,652 subscribers in total, or a 102.8% penetration rate. (Q4 2019)^[29]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Croatia is the Hrvatska agencija za poštu i elektronicke komunikacije (website available in Croatian and English language).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Hrvatski Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, HTmobile, HT CRONET)	GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 3G shutdown: end of 2024 LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (postpaid only) 2100/3500 MHz - 5G NR	2.326 (Q3 2021)^[13]	Deutsche Telekom AG (51.7%)	21901
2	A1 (formerly vip)	GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, VoLTE (postpaid only), eSIM (postpaid only) 700/3600 MHz - 5G NR	1.990 (Q3 2021)^[12]	A1 Group	21910
3	Telemach (formerly Tele2)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3400-3800 MHz - 5G NR eSIM (postpaid only)	1.00 (Q3 2021)^[31]	United Group	21902

Cyprus

Cyprus has 1,392,480 subscribers in total, or a 151.7% penetration rate (excludes Northern Cyprus) (Q4 2022).^[32]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Cyprus (excluding Northern Cyprus) is OCECPR (Office of the Commissioner of Electronic Communications and Postal Regulation).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
Mobile network operators in Cyprus (excludes Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus)
1	Cytamobile-Vodafone	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR^[33]	0.710 (Q4 2022)^[32]^[34]	Cyta (Government of Cyprus 100%)	28001
2	Epic (formerly MTN, Areeba)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, eSIM 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	0.440 (Q4 2022)^[32]^[35]	Monaco Telecom SAM	28010
3	PrimeTel (formerly as MVNO on Epic)	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 900/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM (RAN sharing with Epic & roaming on Epic or Cyta when needed)	0.150 (Q4 2022)^[32]	PrimeTel PLC (Signal Capital Partners 100%)	28020
4	Cablenet (formerly Lemontel, as MVNO on Cyta)	800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A eSIM (RAN sharing & roaming with Cyta when needed)	0.093 (Q4 2022)^[32]	Cablenet Communications Systems PLC (GO Malta 63.4%)	28022
Mobile network operators operating only in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
1	Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) ^[36]	0.576 (Q2 2023)^[37]	Turkcell A.Ş.	28601
2	Telsim Vodafone	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE+ VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing) ^[38]	0.382 (Q2 2023)^[37]	Vodafone Turkey A.Ş.	28602

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has 16.121 million subscribers in total, or a 151% penetration rate (December 2019).^[39]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	T-Mobile (formerly Paegas)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	6.523 (Q4 2023)^[13]	Deutsche Telekom AG	23001
2	O₂ (formerly Eurotel, Český Telecom)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100 (Prague Metro only) /3500 MHz 5G NR	5.987 (Q2 2021)^[40]	PPF N.V.	23002
3	Vodafone (formerly Oskar)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 700/1800/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	4.219 (Q3 2025)^[41]	Vodafone Group plc	23003

Denmark

Denmark has 8.208 million subscribers in total, or a 146% penetration rate^[42] (Q1 2014)

In 2011, Denmark liquidated IT- og Telestyrelsen, it's telecommunications regulator.^[43]^[44]

Former regulator's tasks are divided among four institutions:^[45]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	TDC	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/2600 MHz^[46] LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	3.865 (Q4 2023)^[47]	Macquarie Group and Danish pension funds (PFA, PKA, ATP)	23801
2	Telenor (formerly Sonofon)	900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telia) 3500 MHz - 5G NR	1.696 (Q4 2024)^[48]	Telenor	23802
3	3	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (Roams on TDC's GSM / UMTS / LTE network where 3 does not reach)	1.659 (Q4 2024)^[14]	CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%)	23806
4	Norlys^[49]	900/1800 GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE (shares network with Telenor)	1.620 (Q4 2021)^{[citation needed]}	Norlys a.m.b.a.^[50]	23820

Estonia

Estonia has 2.524 million subscribers in total, or a 188% penetration rate^[51] (December 2008).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telia (formerly EMT)	GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR 3G (UMTS, HSPA) has been shut down in 2023	1.274 (Q1 2024)^[52]	Telia Company	24801
2	Elisa (formerly Radiolinja)	GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.701 (Q1 2024)^[53]	Elisa	24802
3	Tele2 (formerly Q-GSM)	GSM-900/1800 (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.464 (Q3 2024)^[54]	Tele2	24803

Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands have 61,388 subscribers, or a 126% penetration rate (population 48,652)^[55] (2020).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Føroya Tele	GSM-900 900/2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE	0.045 (74%)	Government of Faroe Islands	28801
2	Nema (formerly Hey, Vodafone, Kall)	GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE	0.013 (25%)	Nema	28802
3	Tosa	GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 1800 MHz LTE	0.0 (0%)	Tosa	28803

Finland

Finland has 7.700 million subscribers in total, or a 144.59% penetration rate^[27] (December 2009).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Elisa (formerly Radiolinja)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	4.845 (Q4 2024)^[53]	Elisa	24405 24406 24421
2	DNA	GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz - 5G NR	2.803 (Q4 2024)^[48]	Telenor	24403 24404 24412 24413 24436 (SYV^[2])
3	Telia (formerly Telecom Finland, Sonera)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	2.497 (Q4 2024)^[52]	Telia Company	24420 24436 (SYV^[3]) 24491
4	Ålcom (formerly ÅMT / Ålands Mobiltelefon)	GSM-900 MHz (EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A	Not yet available	Mariehamns Telefon, Ålands Telefonandelslag	24414

France

France has 75.5 million subscribers in total, or a 115.2% penetration rate (September 2015).^[56]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in France is ARCEP.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange (formerly Orange-Itineris, Itineris)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	21.746 (Q1 2024)^[57]	Orange S.A.	20801
2	SFR	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	19.967 (Q1 2024)^[58]	Altice (80.4%), free float (19.6%)^[59]	20810
3	Bouygues Telecom	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	15.5 (Q1 2024)^[60]	Bouygues Group (90.53%)	20820
4	Free Mobile	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (Roaming on Orange 2G/3G when needed, limited to 384 kbit/s download, 384 kbit/s upload) 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	15.337 (Q2 2024)^[61]	Iliad S.A.	20815

Georgia

As of November 2024, Georgia has 5,623,128 subscribers in total.

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Georgia is the Georgian National Communications Commission.^[62]^[63]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Magticom	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced, VoLTE 5G is on FDD 700 MHz (N28) with a bandwidth of 20 MHz (2x10MHz), FDD 2600 MHz (N7) with a bandwidth of 60 MHz (2x30MHz) and TDD 3500 MHz (N78) with a bandwidth of 100 MHz. Magticom currently has the biggest 5G coverage in the country.^[64]	2.332 (November 2024)^[65]	International Tellcell LLC	28202
2	Silknet (formerly Geocell)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, CDMA2000, EVDO Rev. A 2300 MHz TD-LTE, LTE Advanced, LTE Advanced Pro 800/900/1800 MHz LTE 5G–2100 MHz (Only in central Tbilisi from Freedom Square to Bagebi). Silknet has not participated in any of the 5G license auctions announced by the GNCC and has chosen to instead use its existing neutral license for 2100 MHz. Silknet currently remains the only MNO in Georgia without 5G-specific licenses and has the smallest 5G coverage.	1.965 (November 2024)^[65]	Silk Road Group	28201
3	Cellfie (formerly Beeline)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE Advanced, VoLTE, VoWifi coming soon 5G – Currently in skiing resorts Bakuriani and Gudauri, seaside resorts Batumi, Gonio, Kvariati, Shekvetili, Kobuleti, as well as some of Tbilisi's neighbourhoods, such as Didube and Didi Dighomi. There is also coverage in Zugdidi. 5G is on 10 MHz (2X5 MHz) frequency resource, within the Uplink 703 - 708 MHz and Downlink 758 - 763 MHz resources; 50 MHz frequency resource within the 3550-3600 MHz resource. Cellfie also owns licenses for 2100 MHz and 2600 MHz.	1.308 (November 2024)^[65]	CBS Group	28204
Operators in Abkhazia
	Aquafon	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800 MHz LTE	N/A	Aquafon JSC	28967 (MCC is not listed by ITU)
	A-Mobile	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE	N/A	A-Mobile LLSC	28988 (MCC is not listed by ITU)
Operators in South Ossetia
	MegaFon	GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/1800 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE	N/A	CJSC Ostelkom (branding licence agreement with MegaFon)^[66]	25002

Germany

Germany has 114.1 million subscribers in total, or a 140% penetration rate^[27] (December 2011).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Germany is the Bundesnetzagentur (BNetzA).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telekom (formerly D1 DeTeMobil, T-Mobile)	900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	66.920 (Q3 2024)^[67]	Deutsche Telekom AG	26201
2	O₂ (formerly VIAG Interkom) • Includes the previous E-Plus network.	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	44.990 (Q4 2024)^[67]	Telefónica S.A. (96.8%), free float (3.2%)	26203
3	Vodafone Germany (formerly D2 Mannesmann)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	29.398 (Q3 2024)^[67]	Vodafone Group plc	26202
4	1&1	2600 MHz LTE 3600 MHz 5G NR (Roams on Vodafone where there is no 1&1 coverage) VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	12.380 (Q3 2024)^[67]	United Internet AG (78.32%), free float (18.26%), TGW Logistics Group (3.00%), others (0,42 %)	26223

Gibraltar

Gibraltar, the British overseas territory, has 0.028 million subscribers in total, or a 92.12% penetration rate^[27] (December 2009).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Gibtelecom	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A	0.022 ^{[citation needed]}	Government of Gibraltar	26601

Greece

In 2022, Greece had 11.326 million subscribers in total, or a 109% penetration rate.^[2] The regulatory authority for telecommunications in Greece is the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	COSMOTE	900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	7.373 (Q2 2023)^[68]	OTE A.E. (Deutsche Telekom AG 54.6%)	20201, 20202
2	Vodafone (formerly Panafon) • Includes the previous CYTA Hellas network.	900/1800 MHz GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	4.326 (Q3 2025)^[41]	Vodafone Group (100%)	20205 (Vodafone), 20214 (CYTA Hellas)
3	NOVA (formerly TELESTET, TIM, WIND) • Includes the previous Q-TELECOM network.	900/1800 GSM (EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	3.200(Q3 2023)^[69]	United Group B.V.	20209 (Q-TELECOM), 20210 (NOVA)

Guernsey

The British Crown dependency Guernsey has 0.055 million subscribers in total, or a 95% penetration rate^{[citation needed]} (December 2005).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Sure	GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS LTE	Not yet available	Batelco	23455
2	JT	GSM-1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE	Not yet available	JT Group	23450
3	Airtel-Vodafone	GSM-1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE	0.45	Batelco	23403

Hungary

Hungary has 11.8 million subscribers in total^[70] (December 2017).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Hungary is NMHH – Nemzeti Média-, és Hírközlési Hatóság.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Magyar Telekom (formerly Westel 900, Westel, T-Mobile)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Yettel) 700/2100 MHz 5G NR (DSS)	5.582 (Q3 2021)^[13]	Deutsche Telekom AG (61.39%), free float (40.79%)^[71]	21630
2	Yettel (formerly Pannon GSM, Pannon, Telenor HU)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi (LTE 800 MHz is in cooperating with Magyar Telekom) 3500 MHz 5G NR/5G SA	3.449 (Q2 2021)^[40]	e& PPF Telecom Group	21601
3	One (formerly Vodafone)	• Includes the previous UPC Hungary and DIGI Mobile and Line 21 networks. \|\| GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700 MHz 5G NR (DSS)	3.003 (Q3 2023)^[41]	4iG (70.5%) and Government of Hungary (29.5%)^[72]	21670

*900 MHz Hungarian 3G services have been suspended since July 2022.

Iceland

Iceland has 0.470 million subscribers in total, or a 129.19% penetration rate^[27] (July 2019).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Síminn (formerly Landssíminn)	GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS 700/1800/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE 3600 MHz 5G NR	0.173^[73] (July 2019)	Síminn	27401
2	Nova	2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz 5G NR	0.155^[73] (July 2019)	Nova	27411
3	Vodafone (formerly Og Vodafone, Íslandssími)	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE	0.130^[73] (July 2019)	Sýn	27402

Ireland

As the end of March 2022 Ireland had 8.117 million mobile subscribers in total, representing a 158.4% penetration rate.

If mobile broadband and M2M subscriptions are excluded, the total number of mobile subscribers was 5.414 million, representing a 105.6% penetration rate.^[74]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Ireland is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Three • Includes the previous O₂ network	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, eSIM	4.942 (Q4 2024)^[14]	CK Hutchison Holdings	27205 (Three), 27202 (O₂)
2	Vodafone (formerly Eircell)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC‑HSPA+ * 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS, AML, eSIM * 3G Network has been fully shutdown in 2024	2.154 (Q3 2024)^[41]	Vodafone Group plc	27201
3	eir (formerly Meteor)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Operating on a temporary licence) 1800/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	1.498 (Q3 2024) 1.164 (excluding MBB and M2M) (Q2 2024)	Iliad (31.6%), NJJ (32.9%)^[75]	27203

Isle of Man

The British Crown dependency Isle of Man has an unknown number of subscribers in total and an unknown percentage penetration rate.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Manx Telecom	GSM-900 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHz LTE	Not yet available	Basalt Investment Partners	23458
2	Sure	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800 MHzLTE, LTE-A	Not yet available	Batelco	23436

Italy

As of March 2022, Italy has 106.5 million active lines in total, or a 174% penetration rate.^[76] The country's telecom regulator is AGCOM.

In 2016 3 Italy and Wind agreed to complete a merger that was approved by European and national authorities, and since March 2020 all consumer and business offers are sold under the new brand Wind Tre.^[77]

A new operator, Iliad entered the Italian market in May 2018 as a consequence of this merger.^[78]

In 2024 Swisscom acquired Vodafone Italy from Vodafone Group with the aim of merging it with its subsidiary Fastweb.^[79]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (Lines in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Wind Tre (formerly 3 Italy and Wind)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE), UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1800/2600/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	17.782 (Q4 2024)^[14] (Includes Very Mobile)	CK Hutchison Holdings	22288 and 22299
2	TIM (formerly SIP)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	18.438 (Q4 2022)^[80] (Includes Kena Mobile)	TIM Group	22201
3	Vodafone Italy (formerly Omnitel)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3700/28000 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, AML	17.206 (Q3 2024)^[41] (Includes ho-mobile)	Swisscom	22210
4	Iliad	Roaming on Wind Tre 2G 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (RAN sharing on Wind Tre 3G/4G where needed, and also 5G in Zefiro Net areas) 700/3500/28000 MHz 5G NR AML, VoLTE	11.285 (Q2 2024)^[61]	Iliad Group	22250
5	Fastweb	Roaming on TIM and Wind Tre 2G/3G/4G/5G 28000 MHz 5G NR (FWA only) VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	3.087 (Q4 2022)^[81]	Swisscom	22208

Jersey

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	JT	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE	Not yet available	JT Group	23450
2	Sure	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE	Not yet available	Batelco	23455
3	Airtel-Vodafone	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS LTE	0.45	Batelco	23403

Kosovo

Kosovo has 1.88 million subscribers in total, or a 103.47% penetration rate^[82] (June 2018). As of February 2023, Vala and Ipko have been awarded with 5G licenses and are currently under deployment.^[83]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in %)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Vala	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR	51.95%^[84] (Q2 2018)	Government of Kosovo	22101
2	Ipko	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A 800/3600 MHz 5G NR	36.07%^[85] (Q2 2018)	Telekom Slovenije	22102

Latvia

Latvia has 2.243 million subscribers in total, or a 99.72% penetration rate^[27] (December 2009).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	LMT	GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1500/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE	1.451 (Q1 2024)^[52]	Telia (49%), Tet (Possessor (51%) and Telia (49%)) (23%), Latvian State Radio and Television Centre (LVRTC) (23%), Possessor (5%)	24701
2	Tele2	GSM-900/1800 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR	1.065 (Q3 2024)^[54]	Tele2	24702
3	Bitė	GSM-900 MHz 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1500/3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.554 (Q1 2024)^[86]	Providence Equity Partners	24705
4	Triatel	450 MHz CDMA2000^[87]			24703
5	Xomobile	International mobile network based in Latvia^[88]			24709

Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein has 0.039 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate^[27] (April 2015).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	FL1 [de] (formerly Mobilkom Liechtenstein AG)	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 800/2100/2600 MHz LTE	not available	State-owned	29505
2	7acht (formerly Orange FL)	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE	not available	Salt Mobile	29502
3	Swisscom FL	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS 900/1800/2100 MHz LTE VoLTE	not available	Swisscom	29501

The Liechtenstein mobile phone system is attached to Switzerland, and customers of these three providers can roam on Swiss networks without additional fees.

Lithuania

Lithuania has 4.49 million subscribers in total, or a 161% penetration rate (Q4 2023).^[89]

Each of the three largest network operators have flanker brands – Pildyk (Tele2), Ežys (Telia) and Labas (Bite).

The regulator is Ryšių Reguliavimo Tarnyba (RRT).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Tele2	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR	2.125 (Q3 2024)^[54]	Tele2	24603
2	Telia Lietuva (formerly Omnitel, Teo LT)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1500*/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 700 MHz, 3500 MHz - 5G NR	1.63 (Q1 2024)^[52]	Telia Company	24601
3	Bitė • includes the previous Mezon network.	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWIFI 2300 MHz TDD, 2600 MHz TDD - 5G NR	1.19 (Q1 2024)^[86]	Providence Equity Partners	24602 24608 • includes the previous Mezon network.

Luxembourg

Luxembourg has 719,000 subscribers in total, or a 148% penetration rate^[27] (December 2009).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange	GSM-1800 (EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.225 (Q4 2022)	Orange Belgium	27099
2	Tango	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.295 (Q4 2022)	Proximus Group	27077
3	POST	GSM-900/1800 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 1800 MHz LTE 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.250 ^{[citation needed]}	POST Luxembourg	27001
4	Luxembourg Online	2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA	Not yet available	Luxembourg Online	27005

Malta

Malta has 0.702 million subscribers in total, or a 130.19% penetration rate^[90] (June 2023).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Epic (formerly Telecell, Vodafone)	GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.278^[41] (June 2023)	Monaco Telecom	27801
2	GO (formerly MALTACOM)	GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.251^[90] (June 2023)	Tunisie Telecom (65.42%), public (34.58%)	27821
3	Melita	2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro 3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.173^[90] (June 2023)	EQT AB (pending sale to Goldman Sachs Alternatives^[91])	27877

Moldova

Moldova has 4.263 million subscribers in total, or a 120% penetration rate^[92] (2012).

The country's telecommunications regulator is ANRCETI.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE	2.097 (Q3 2021)^[57]	Orange S.A. (94.3%)	25901
2	Moldcell	GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE VoLTE	1.4 (2020)^[93]	CG Corp Global^[94]	25902
3	Moldtelecom	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A	0.459 (2020)^[93]	Moldtelecom	25903,25905,25999
4	Interdnestrcom operating in Transnistria region only	800 MHz LTE VoLTE^[95]	0.291 (2012)^[96]	Sheriff	25906

Monaco

Monaco has 0.023 million subscribers on the Monaco Telecom network, or a 70.1% penetration rate^[27] (December 2009).

The French networks are also widely available in Monaco, but they do not disclose subscriber figures for Monaco.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Monaco Telecom	900 MHz GSM 900/2100 MHz UMTS 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE 3500 MHz 5G NR	0.021	NJJ 55%, Société Nationale de Financement 45%	21210

Montenegro

Montenegro has 1,097,574 subscribers in total, or a 177.02% penetration rate (October 2013).^[97]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Montenegro is (Agencija za elektronske komunikacije i poštansku djelatnost).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers^[98]	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	m:tel	GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE	37% (Dec 2023)	51% Telekom Srbija, 49% Telekom Srpske	29703
2	Crnogorski Telekom	GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	36% (Dec 2023)	Hrvatski Telekom (76.53%) (Deutsche Telekom AG 60.49%), free float (23.47%)	29702
3	One Montenegro	GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 900/1800/2100 MHz LTE 700/3600 MHz 5G NR	27% (Dec 2023)	4iG^[5]	29701

Netherlands

The Netherlands has 22.12 million subscribers in total, or a 125.7% penetration rate^[99] (Q1 2023).

The regulatory authorities for telecommunication in the Netherlands are the Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM: Autoriteit Consument & Markt) and the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (RDI: Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Odido (formerly T-Mobile, Ben) • Includes the previous Tele2 and Orange (Dutchtone) networks.	900/2100* MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+** Only active on sites without low-band antennas. 3G to be discontinued from 1 August 2026^[100] 800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/3500 MHz 5G NR **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website^[101]	6.853 (Q2 2021)^[102]	WP/AP Telecom Holdings IV B.V. (Warburg Pincus 50%, Apax Partners 50%)	20416 and 20402
2	KPN • Includes the previous Telfort (O₂ Netherlands) network.	900* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2G to be discontinued as of 1 December 2027^[103] 800/900/1500/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR 450 MHz CDMA (Smart meters only) *detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website^[104]	5.563 (Q3 2021)^[105]	Koninklijke KPN	20408
3	Vodafone (formerly Libertel)	900/1800* MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) Only active on sites without low-band antennas. 800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML 700/1800/3500 MHz 5G NR using Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) **detailed information on sites and frequencies to be found on the antennekaart website^[106]	5.580 (Q2 2025)^[41]	VodafoneZiggo (Vodafone Group 50%, Liberty Global 50%)	20404

North Macedonia

North Macedonia has 2.299 million subscribers in total, or a 105% penetration rate (Q3 2012).^[107]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in North Macedonia is AEC.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telekom (formerly T-Mobile, MOBIMAK)	GSM-900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, 700/3600 MHz 5G NR	1.211 (Q3 2021)^[108]	Magyar Telekom (51.00%) (Stone Bridge Communications)	29401
2	A1 (formerly one, Vip, Cosmofon)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA+ 800/1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE, 700/3600 MHz 5G NR	1.084 (Q2 2021)^[12]	A1 Group	29403

Norway

Norway has 5.730 million subscribers in total, or a 108.97% penetration rate^[27] (December 2016).

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Norway is the Norwegian Post and Telecommunications Authority.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telenor	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) (2G to be discontinued in 2027)^[109] 3G discontinued in January 2021^[110] 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	2.600 (Q4 2024)^[48]	Telenor Government of Norway (54%)	24201
2	Telia (formerly NetCom) • Includes the previous Tele2 network.	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) (2G to be discontinued in 2025)^[111] 3G discontinued in November 2021^[112] 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	1.875 (Q4 2024)^[52]	Telia Company	24202
3	Ice (formerly Ice.net)	700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE (Roams on Telenor network in areas without its own coverage)^[113] VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	0.934 (Q4 2024)^[114]	Lyse AS^[115]	24214, 24206

Poland

Poland has 58.6 million subscribers in total (Q4 2020).^[116]

The country's telecom regulator is UKE (Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange (formerly Idea)	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (shares network with T-Mobile)	17.939 (Q2 2024)[4]	Orange S.A. (50.67%), free float (49.33%)	26003
2	Play	E-GSM/GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi (for supported iOS/Android devices) (Roaming 2G/3G/LTE on Orange Poland* network) * available till 31.12.2025, on some areas already inactive.	16.665 (Q2 2024)[5]	Iliad S.A.	26006
3	Plus (formerly Plus GSM)	GSM 900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) UMTS 900/2100 MHz (HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+) 420/900/1800/2100/2600/2600TDD MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/2600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	13.086 (Q2 2024)[6]	Grupa Polsat Plus	26001
4	T-Mobile (formerly Era)	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi (shares network with Orange)	12.640 (Q2 2024)[7]	Deutsche Telekom AG	26002

Portugal

Portugal has 17.6 million subscribers in total, or a 170.5% penetration rate (13.1 million active subscribers or 127.4% penetration rate)^[117] (Q3 2017).

The country's telecom regulator is ANACOM.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	NOS (formerly Optimus)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	6.118 (Q3 2024)^[118]	NOS	26803
2	MEO (formerly TMN)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3600 MHz 5G NR	5.698 (Q2 2024)^[119]	Altice	26806
3	Vodafone (formerly Telecel)	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE VoLTE 3500 MHz 5G NR	4.796 (Q3 2025)^[41]	Vodafone Group plc	26801
4	DIGI (New Network)	900/1800/2600/3500 (technologies to be confirmed)	x.xxx (Q2 2024)^[120]	Digi Communications N.V.	26802

Romania

Romania has 23.4 million active subscribers in total, or a 107% penetration rate (2023).^[121] The country's telcom regulator is ANCOM.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange	GSM-900 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (3G phase out 2025^[122]) 700(B28)/800(B20)/900(B8)/1500(B32)/1800(B3)/2100(B1)/2600(B7) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G	9.3 (Q2 2024)^[57]	Orange S.A.	22610
2	Digi	GSM-900 (no GPRS, no EDGE) 800(B20)/900(B8)/2100(B1)/2600 FDD(B7)/2600 TDD(B38) LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2600FDD/ 2600TDD/3500 MHz 5G	6.6 (Q4 2024)^[120]	Digi Communications N.V.	22605
3	Vodafone	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ (3G phase out ongoing as of 2025, already turned off in some cities) 700(B28)/800(B20)/900(B8)/1800(B3)/2100(B1) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi 2100/3500 MHz 5G	6.2 (Q3 2024)^[41]	Vodafone Group plc	22601
4	Telekom (formerly Cosmorom, Cosmote)	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800(B20)/900(B8)/1800(B3)/2100(B1)/2600(B7) MHz LTE-A, VoLTE, VoWiFi 2100 MHz 5G	3.6 (Q2 2024)^[68]	OTE (Deutsche Telekom AG 54.5%)	22603

Russia

The country's telecom regulator is Roskomnadzor (RKN).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	Mobile country code
Big four mobile network operators
1	MTS	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, VoLTE 800/900/1800 MHz NB-IoT, 4900 MHz 5G NR	81.9 (Q3 2024)^[10]	PJSC Sistema (42.09%), PJSC MTS (1.93%), free float (50.03%)^[123]	25001
2	MegaFon	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 800/1800/2500/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE	77.26 (Q2 2024)^[124]	OOO USM Holdings (50%), OOO AF Telecom Holdings (50%)^[125]	25002
3	t2	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+ 450/800/900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE	48.0 (Q3 2024)^[126]	PJSC Rostelecom	25020
4	Beeline	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, VoLTE	44.1 (Q3 2023)^[127]	PJSC VimpelCom	25099
Regional mobile network operators
5	MOTIV Coverage: Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Khanty-Mansi, Yamalo-Nenets	GSM-1800 MHz 1800/2500 MHz LTE, VoLTE	2.5 (2024)^[128]	OOO EKATERINBURG-2000	25035
6	Tattelecom Coverage: Tatarstan	GSM-1800 MHz 1800 MHz LTE	2.0 (2024)^[129]	PJSC Tattelecom	25027
7	Phoenix Coverage: Donetsk	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE	1.5 (2023)^[130]	SUE DPR "ROS"	25097
8	MKS Coverage: Luhansk	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 900/1800/2600 MHz LTE	1.0 (2022)^[131]	OOO MKS	25098
9	K-Telecom Coverage: Crimea, Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kherson	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 2600 MHz LTE	0.5 (2021)	OOO K-Telecom	25032, 25096
10	Miranda Coverage: Crimea, Sevastopol, Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Kherson	GSM-900 MHz 2100 MHz UMTS 450 MHz LTE	0.5 (2024)^[132]	OOO Miranda-Media	25054
11	Vainah Telecom Coverage: Chechnya	GSM-900/1800 MHz 2300 MHz LTE	0.1 (2020)^[133]	JSC Vainah Telecom	25008

San Marino

San Marino has 0.037 million subscribers in total, or a 116.95% penetration rate^[27] (December 2013).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	TIM San Marino	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A		TIM	22201
2	Telefonia Mobile Sammarinese	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A (Uses the TIM network)	0.019^[134] (February 2012)	Telecom Italia San Marino (51%)	22201
3	Prima	GSM-900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+		San Marino Telecom	29201

Serbia

Serbia has 9.1987 million subscribers based on the three-month customer activity, or a 128.09% penetration rate^[135] (December 2013).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in %)^[136]	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	MTS	900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM	43% (Q4 2024)	Telekom Srbija	22003
2	Yettel	900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM)	33% (Q4 2024)	e& PPF Telecom Group	22001
3	A1	900/1800 MHz - GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz - UMTS (HSDPA, DC-HSPA+) 800/1800/2100 MHz - LTE (LTE-A Pro) VoLTE, ViLTE, RCS, eSIM, Multi-SIM)	24% (Q4 2024)	A1 Group	22005

Slovakia

Slovakia has 7.68 million subscribers in total, or a 132.79% penetration rate. All facts are based on the three-month customer activity base^[137] (October 2019).

The regulatory authority for electronic communications "telecommunication" in Slovakia is Úrad pre reguláciu elektronických komunikácií a poštových služieb (RÚ).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Orange (formerly Globtel, Slovtel)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro (Allows 4ka to access 900 and 2100 MHz)700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS	2.392 (Q4 2024)^[57]	Orange S.A.	23101, 23105
2	O₂ (formerly Telefónica, O2 Telefónica)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) (Roaming on Telekom Slovakia (2G) when needed) 900 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 1800/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS	2.343 (Q4 2024)^[40]	e& PPF Telecom Group	23106
3	Telekom (formerly Eurotel, T-Mobile)	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro 2600 MHz TD-LTE 700/2100/3600 MHz 5G NR (3600 MHz only in Bratislava)VoLTE, VoWiFi, RCS	2.211 (Q4 2024)^[13]	Deutsche Telekom AG	23102, 23104
4	4ka (SWAN)	1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) (Roaming on Orange Slovakia (2G, 4G (900, 2100 MHz) when out of native coverage) 1800 MHz LTE, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, ViLTE, VoWiFi, RCS 3600 MHz 5G NR	0.647^[138]^[139] (Q4 2024)	SWAN	23103

Slovenia

Slovenia has 2,772,546 subscribers in total, or a 130% penetration rate^[140] (Q4 2024).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telekom Slovenije (formerly Mobitel)	GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 2600/3600 MHz - 5G NR	1.010 (Q4 2024) Including Izimobil, Spar Mobil, Mega M, Novatel MOBIL, SoftNet mobil	Telekom Slovenije	29341
2	A1 (formerly Si.mobil)	GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 800/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/3500 MHz - 5G NR	0.840 (Q4 2024) Including bob, Hotmobil, re:do	A1 Group	29340
3	Telemach (formerly Tušmobil)	GSM 900/1800 (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2300 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 700/3600 MHz - 5G NR	0.735 (Q4 2024)^[31]	United Group	29370
4	T-2	2100 MHz: UMTS, HSPA (Roaming on A1 (2G/LTE/5G, VoLTE) network when needed) 2100 MHz LTE 2300 MHz - 5G NR	0.188 (Q4 2024)	Garnol (pending sale to Telemach)	29364

Spain

Spain has 61.424 million subscribers in total, or a 123.80% penetration rate (Jan 2025).^[141]

The regulatory authority for telecommunication in Spain is CNMC (Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia).

Note: The number of subscribers of each operator includes the subscribers of the main brand and the rest of its brands and subsidiaries.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	MásOrange (formerly Amena) •Includes the previous Yoigo network.	900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	25.640^[141] (Jan 2025)	Orange S.A. (50,00%) Lorca JVCo LTD. (50,00%)	21403 21404
2	Movistar (formerly MoviLine)	900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, VoNR, ViLTE	16.167^[141] (Jan 2025)	Telefónica S.A.	21407
3	Vodafone (formerly Airtel)	900/1800 MHz GSM, GPRS, EDGE 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	11.743^[141] (Jan 2025)	Zegona Communications Plc.	21401
4	DIGI	1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR (Roams on Movistar where there is no coverage) VoLTE, VoWiFi	6.163^[141] (Jan 2025)	Digi Communications N.V.	21422

Sweden

Sweden has 14.3 million subscribers in total, approximately 140% penetration rate (2020).^[142] The country's telcom regulator is Swedish Post and Telecom Authority.

There are four main network operators, and they share various 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G network infrastructure through co-ownership in separate network companies. Tele2 and Telenor share network infrastructure through their company Net4Mobility.^[143] Telia and Tele2 share network infrastructure through UMTS Nät AB.^[144] Tre and Telenor share network infrastructure through 3GIS.^[145]^[146]

Sweden also has a number of flanker brands and virtual operators, most notable are Halebop, Comviq, Fello, Hallon, Vimla, Mybeat, Tellusmobil and Chilimobil.

Some of world's largest producers of mobile network equipment have strong ties to Sweden. Ericsson^[147] is based in Sweden while Nokia, Siemens, Huawei and ZTE have major research centers in the country, often clustered around Kista and Lund.^[148]^[149]

Rank	Operator	Technology	Postpaid Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Telia	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/3500 MHz 5G NR	3.853 (Q4 2024)^[52]	Telia Company	24001
2	Telenor (formerly Vodafone)	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR	2.993 (Q4 2024)^[48]	Telenor	24008
3	Tele2	GSM-900/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/900/1800/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 3500 MHz 5G NR	2.151 (Q4 2024)^[54]	Tele2 AB (Freya Investissement (Iliad/NJJ) 19.88%)^[150]	24007
4	Tre	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA 800/2100/2600 MHz FD-LTE, 2600 MHz TD-LTE, LTE-A 2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi	1.940 (Q4 2024)^[14]	CK Hutchison Holdings (60%), Investor AB (40%)	24002

Switzerland

Switzerland has 11.365 million mobile subscribers and a 138% penetration rate^[151] (December 2014).

The country's telecom regulator is BAKOM.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Swisscom	900 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/900/1500 (FDD SDL)/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR	6.378^[81]	Partially state-owned (50% plus one share), free float (49%)	22801
2	Sunrise (formerly diAx)	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE 900/3500 MHz 5G NR	2.590 (Q3 2021)^[152]	Free float (100%)	22802
3	Salt (formerly Orange CH)	900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE, VoWiFi 3500 MHz 5G NR	2.141^[153] (Q3 2014)	NJJ^[154]	22803

Turkey

Turkey has 94.5 million subscribers in total, or a 110.7% penetration rate^[155] (Q3 2024).

The telecom regulator in Turkey is Information and Communication Technologies Authority (BTK : Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu).

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership
1	Turkcell	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing)	38.72 (Q3 2024)^[155]	Turkey Wealth Fund (26.2%), LetterOne (19.8%), free float (54%)
2	Vodafone Turkey (formerly Telsim)	GSM 900 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing)	28.79 (Q3 2024)^[155]	Vodafone Group plc
3	Türk Telekom (formerly Avea, Aria, Aycell)	GSM 900 (only in rural areas)/1800 MHz (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 800/900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWiFi, eSIM 5G (testing)	26.99 (Q3 2024)^[155]	Türk Telekom (Turkey Wealth Fund (60%), Ministry of Treasury and Finance (Turkey) (25%), free float (15%)) ^[156]

Ukraine

Ukraine has 55.860 million subscribers in total, or a 129.8% penetration rate^[157] (October 2018).

The country's telecom regulator is NKRZI.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	Kyivstar* (Including previous Beeline Ukraine network)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2300/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A VoLTE	23.4 (Q2 2024)	VEON (LetterOne (45.5%), The Stichting (7.9%), Lingotto Investment Management LLP (7.2%), Shah Capital Management Inc. (6.8%), free float 32.6%)	25503
2	Vodafone* (formerly MTS Ukraine, UMC)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A	15.9 (Q2 2024)	Bakcell	25501
3	lifecell* (formerly life:)	900/1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, 3C-HSDPA 900/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro VoLTE, VoWi-Fi	9.8 (Q2 2024)	DVL Telecom (NJJ 85%)	25506
4	Intertelecom	800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO rel.0, rev. A (Network in Odesa region only until 01.01.2025)	0.885 (Q4 2021)	Odinaco Ltd (49%), Viktor Gushan (35.7%)	25504
5	TriMob*	2100 MHz UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA (Own 3G network in Kyiv city centre only.) (as Utel) Free 2G/3G roaming on Vodafone network available.	0.078 (Q4 2021) as TriMob 0.054 (Q4 2021) as Lycamobile	Ukrtelecom	25507
6	PEOPLEnet	800 MHz CDMA2000, CDMA2000 EV-DO (Network in Dnipropetrovsk region only until 01.01.2025)	0.036 (Q4 2021)	Telesystemy Ukrainy	25521

*Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the national roaming among other operators is free and it includes voice calls, SMS and mobile 2G / 3G Internet at speed up to 512 kbit/s.^[158]

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has 92 million subscribers in total, or an approximate 139% penetration rate (Q3 2018).^[159]

The country's telecom regulator is Ofcom.

Rank	Operator	Technology	Subscribers (in millions)	Ownership	MCC / MNC
1	O2	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 900/2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/900/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2300/2600 MHz TD-LTE 700/900/2100/2300/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	22.9 (Q1 2025)^[160] (Includes Giffgaff)	Virgin Media O2 (50% Telefónica, 50% Liberty Global)	23410
2	EE	1800 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 700/800/1800/2100/2600/5200 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/1800/2100/2600/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	20.9 (Q3 2024)^[161] (Includes BT Mobile)	BT Group	23430 and 23433
3	Vodafone	900 MHz GSM (GPRS, EDGE) 800/900/1500/1800/2100/2600 MHz LTE, LTE-A 2600 MHz TD-LTE 900/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML	18.3 (Q4 2024)^[41] (Includes VOXI)	Vodafone Group plc	23415
4	Three	2100 MHz UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+ 700/800/1500/1800/2100 MHz LTE, LTE-A 700/2100/3500 MHz 5G NR VoLTE, VoWiFi, AML, RCS	10.8 (Q4 2024)^[14] (Includes SMARTY)	CK Hutchison Holdings	23420

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