Man of sin

The man of sin (Greek: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ho anthrōpos tēs hamartias) or man of lawlessness (ἀνομίας, anomias), man of rebellion, man of insurrection, or man of apostasy is a figure referred to in the Christian Bible in the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. He is usually equated with the Antichrist in Christian eschatology.

Biblical narrative

In 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10, the "man of sin" is described as one who will be revealed before the Day of the Lord comes. The author, claiming to be Paul, is concerned that his audience has begun to behave as if the Day of the Lord has already happened, and he cautions them that it will not happen until the "man of lawlessness" or son of perdition is revealed, which will not happen until some restraining force or person (the Katechon) is first removed.

Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus have the reading "man of lawlessness" instead of "man of sin." Bruce M. Metzger argues that this is the original reading even though 94% of manuscripts have "man of sin";^[1]^[a] The New American Standard Bible^[3] and New International Version (NIV)^[4] use "man of lawlessness," and the New Revised Standard Version uses "lawless one."^[5]

3 Don’t let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction. 4 He will oppose and will exalt himself over everything that is called God or is worshiped, so that he sets himself up in God’s temple, proclaiming himself to be God. 5 Don’t you remember that when I was with you I used to tell you these things? 6 And now you know what is holding him back, so that he may be revealed at the proper time. 7 For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the one who now holds it back will continue to do so till he is taken out of the way. 8 And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will overthrow with the breath of his mouth and destroy by the splendor of his coming. 9 The coming of the lawless one will be in accordance with how Satan works. He will use all sorts of displays of power through signs and wonders that serve the lie, 10 and all the ways that wickedness deceives those who are perishing. They perish because they refused to love the truth and so be saved.^[4]

Identity

Nearly all commentators, both ancient and modern, identify the man of sin in 2 Thessalonians chapter 2 as the Antichrist, even though they vary greatly in who they view the Antichrist to be.^[6] The man of sin is variously identified with Caligula,^[7] Nero,^[8]^[9] the papacy^[10] and the end times Antichrist. Some scholars believe that the passage contains no genuine prediction, but represents a speculation of the apostle's own, based on Daniel 8:23ff; 11:36ff, and on contemporary ideas of Antichrist.^[7]^[11]

Views

Catholic church and Orthodox churches

The Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions consider the Man of Sin to come at the End of the World, when the katechon, the one who restrains, will be taken out. Katechon is also interpreted as the Grand Monarch or a new Orthodox Emperor, inaugurating a rebirth of the Holy Roman Empire.^{[citation needed]}

Other views

Various Protestant and anti-Catholic commentators have linked the term and identity to the Catholic Church and the Pope.^[12] The "temple of God" is here understood to be the church; the restraining power the Roman empire.^{[citation needed]}

Dispensationalist or Futurist view

Dispensationalists view this as a reference to a coming world ruler (Antichrist) who will succeed in making a peace treaty with Israel for 7 years (Daniel's 70th week) guaranteeing some sort of Middle East peace settlement with the Arab nations.^{[citation needed]} This will occur after the rebuilding of the Third Temple in Jerusalem and the restoration of temple sacrifices. He will break his peace treaty with Israel 31⁄2 years into the plan, enter the "rebuilt Third Temple" and perform the abomination of desolation by setting up an idol of himself in the Temple and declare himself God.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ The Textus Receptus and texts edited by Scrivener and Tregelles have the reading ἁμαρτίας (sin); Westcott-Hort and the SBL Greek New Testament have ἀνομίας (lawlessness).^[2]

References

^ Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 1994).
^ BibleGateway.com, All Greek translations, accessed 7 May 2022
^ 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10
^ ^a ^b 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10
^ 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10
^ Schink, W.F., "The Scriptural Doctrine of the Antichrist." Our Great Heritage: Vol. 3 Ed. Lange, Lyle and Albrecht, Jerome G. Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing house, 1991. p. 572.
^ ^a ^b "Net Bible: Man of sin". Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
^ St. John Chrysostom, Homilies on II Thess., Nicene-Post Nicene Fathers
^ Man of Sin Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine, Kurt Simmons
^ Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament, p. 1113
^ (compare Bousset, Der Antichrist, 93 ff, etc.)
^ Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible 1706

[3] The Textus Receptus and texts edited by Scrivener and Tregelles have the reading ἁμαρτίας (sin); Westcott-Hort and the SBL Greek New Testament have ἀνομίας (lawlessness).^[2]

[1] Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 1994).

[2] BibleGateway.com, All Greek translations, accessed 7 May 2022

[NASB2Thess-4] 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10

[2ThessNIV-5] 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10

[NRSVUE2Thess-6] 2 Thessalonians 2:3–10

[7] Schink, W.F., "The Scriptural Doctrine of the Antichrist." Our Great Heritage: Vol. 3 Ed. Lange, Lyle and Albrecht, Jerome G. Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing house, 1991. p. 572.

[netbible-8] "Net Bible: Man of sin". Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2010-05-26.

[9] St. John Chrysostom, Homilies on II Thess., Nicene-Post Nicene Fathers

[10] Man of Sin Archived 2009-07-05 at the Wayback Machine, Kurt Simmons

[11] Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament, p. 1113

[12] (compare Bousset, Der Antichrist, 93 ff, etc.)

[13] Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible 1706

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