On 28 June 2018, Mexico became the first country to finish its domestic ratification procedure of the CPTPP, with PresidentEnrique Peña Nieto stating, "With this new generation agreement, Mexico diversifies its economic relations with the world and demonstrates its commitment to openness and free trade".[4][5]
On 6 July 2018, Japan became the second country to ratify the agreement.[6][7]
On 19 July 2018, Singapore became the third country to ratify the agreement and deposit its instrument of ratification.[8][9]
On 17 October 2018, the Australian Federal Parliament passed relevant legislation through the Senate.[10] The official ratification was deposited on 31 October 2018. This two-week gap made Australia the sixth signatory to deposit its ratification of the agreement, and it came into force 60 days later.[11]
On 25 October 2018, New Zealand ratified the CPTPP, increasing the number of countries that had formally ratified the agreement to four.[12]
Also on 25 October 2018, Canada passed and was granted royal assent on the enabling legislation.[13] The official ratification was deposited on 29 October 2018.[14][15][16]
On 2 November 2018, the CPTPP and related documents were submitted to the National Assembly of Vietnam for ratification.[17] On 12 November 2018, the National Assembly passed a resolution unanimously ratifying the CPTPP.[18] The Vietnamese government officially notified New Zealand of its ratification on 15 November 2018.[19]
2019
On 17 April 2019, the CPTPP was approved by the Chamber of Deputies of Chile. The final round of approval in the Senate was scheduled for November 2019, after being approved by its Commission of Constitution.[20] However, due to a series of massive protests against the government of Sebastián Piñera, the ratification process was paused.
On 30 September 2022, Malaysia ratified the CPTPP and deposited its instrument of ratification.[22][23]
In 2022, the ratification process was resumed after a new Congress and a new President were elected. Despite the public opposition of Gabriel Boric to the treaty before his election as President, the new administration did not interfere in the voting. The CPTPP was approved in the Senate with 27 votes in favor (mainly from the right-wing opposition and some center-left politicians) and 10 against, mostly by members of the ruling coalition.[24] The treaty was deposited on 23 December, once several side letters were negotiated with the other signatories in specific topics considered harmful by the Chilean government.[25]
2023
On 23 February 2023, Boric ratified Chile's entry to TPP-11.[26]
On 13 May 2023, Brunei ratified the CPTPP and deposited its instrument of ratification.[27]
Founding entry into force
The agreement came into effect 60 days after ratification and deposit of accession documents by at least half the signatories (six of the eleven signatories).[28]
In January 2018, the government of the United Kingdom stated that it was exploring membership of the CPTPP to stimulate exports after Brexit and had held informal discussions with several of the members.[35] In October 2018, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he would welcome the United Kingdom joining the partnership post-Brexit.[36]Liz Truss, the UK Secretary of State for Trade, expressed in a joint Daily Telegraph article with Simon Birmingham, David Parker, and Chan Chun Sing, the trade ministers of Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore, the intent of the United Kingdom to join the CPTPP.[37]
On 1 February 2021, the United Kingdom formally applied to join CPTPP.[38] The UK is the first non-founding country to apply to join the CPTPP. If successful, Britain would become the second-largest CPTPP economy, after Japan.[39] Japan had expressed support for the UK's potential entry into CPTPP in 2018,[40] and as 4th CPTPP Commission (2021) chair, Japan's minister in charge of negotiations on the trade pact, Yasutoshi Nishimura, expressed hope on Twitter that Britain will "demonstrate its strong determination to fully comply with high-standard obligations" of the free trade accord, and mentioned that "I believe that the UK's accession request will have a great potential to expand the high-standard rules beyond the Asia-Pacific."[41]
In June 2021, the CPTPP agreed to open accession talks. A working group was established to discuss tariffs and rules governing investment and trade, led by Japan.[42]
By March 2023, the United Kingdom was set to join the CPTPP, as the 11 members had reached an agreement to Britain's accession.[43][44][45] The UK government also announced it had secured an extension mechanism, which could extend the whole agreement to any Crown Dependency or British Overseas Territory.[46] On the same day, Guernsey and Jersey confirmed their intentions to participate in CPTPP.[47][48] In May 2023, a UK government spokesman confirmed that "the deal will cover goods trade between the Crown Dependencies and CPTPP countries, with a mechanism to include trade in services in future."[49]
The United Kingdom formally signed the CPTPP trade deal during the 7th CPTPP Commission - or members ministerial meeting - in New Zealand on 16 July 2023, becoming the first non-original signatory and European country to sign the agreement.[50][51]
Ratification Timeline
The agreement would enter into force if, within 15 months of signing the agreement, all or at least six (6) CPTPP members have ratified the accession protocol.[52][53]
On 29 August 2024, the UK announced it had secured the final ratification required to join the CPTPP.[54]
The agreement entered into force on 15 December 2024 for those countries which had ratified the agreement before 16 October 2024.[52][53][54]
Ratifiers
Before 16 October 2024
For those countries who ratified the accession protocol before 16 October 2024, the agreement entered into force from 15 December 2024:
Japan: Fully ratified the UK's accession and notified New Zealand on 15 December 2023.[55]
Singapore: Fully ratified the UK's accession and notified New Zealand on 17 January 2024.[56]
Chile: Fully ratified the UK's accession and notified New Zealand on 3 April 2024.[56]
United Kingdom: Fully ratified its own accession and notified New Zealand on 16 May 2024.[56]
New Zealand: Fully ratified the UK's accession on 4 June 2024.[55]
Vietnam: Fully ratified the UK's accession and notified New Zealand on 1 August 2024.[56]
Peru: Fully ratified the accession of the UK and notified New Zealand on 28 August 2024.[57][58]
Malaysia: Fully ratified the accession of the UK and notified New Zealand on 17 September 2024.[59][60]
Brunei: Fully ratified the accession of the UK and notified New Zealand on 16 October 2024.[61][62]
After 16 October 2024
For those countries who ratified the accession protocol after 16 October 2024, the agreement entered into force 60 days after ratification:
Australia: Fully ratified the accession of the UK and notified New Zealand on 25 October 2024; trade between Australia and the UK became covered by CPTPP from 24 December 2024.[61]
Unratified
As of December 2024, the following countries are yet to ratify the UK's accession protocol. The agreement will apply to them 60 days after they ratify:[61]
^Morrison, Scott; Birmingham, Simon (31 October 2018). "Australia ratifies the TPP-11". Minister for Trade, Tourism and Investment. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
^"Malaysia Ratifies The CPTPP"(PDF). Malaysia Ministry Of International Trade And Industry. 5 October 2022. Archived from the original(PDF) on 14 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
