Multilevel model of retirement

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The multilevel model of retirement is an organizational psychology approach that views retirements through three levels: societal, organizational, and individual level.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

References

^ Wang, Mo; Shi, Junqi (3 January 2014). "Psychological Research on Retirement". Annual Review of Psychology. 65 (1): 209–233. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115131. PMID 23751036.
^ Oleksiyenko, Olena; Życzyńska-Ciołek, Danuta (March 2018). "Structural Determinants of Workforce Participation after Retirement in Poland". Journal of Population Ageing. 11 (1): 83–103. doi:10.1007/s12062-017-9213-3. PMC 5813080. PMID 29492180.
^ Ones, Deniz S.; Anderson, Neil; Viswesvaran, Chockalingam; Sinangil, Handan Kepir (4 August 2021). "The Multilevel Nature of Retirement Management". The SAGE Handbook of Industrial, Work & Organizational Psychology, 3v: Personnel Psychology and Employee Performance; Organizational Psychology; Managerial Psychology and Organizational Approaches. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4739-4278-3.
^ Bal, P. Matthijs (5 July 2024). "The multilevel and temporal models of retirement". Elgar Encyclopedia of Organizational Psychology. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 620. ISBN 978-1-80392-176-1. Retrieved 8 July 2025.

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