PC1 cipherThe PC1 cipher, also called the Kindle cipher or Pukall cipher 1, is a block cipher introduced in 1991. It is most prominently used by Amazon, Inc., for their Kindle e-book reader's DRM system.[1] HistoryThe PC1 cipher was designed by Alexander Pukall in 1991.[2][3] SuccessorsCaracachs Cipher formerly known as PC3 Cipher was released in 2000.[4] This algorithm was used by the North Korean hacker group Lazarus Group. [5] PC4 was released in 2015. It's a block cipher specifically designed for DMR radio communication systems. It uses 253 rounds and the key size can vary from 8 bits to 2112 bits. The block size is 49 bits, the exact size of an AMBE+ DMR voiceframe. [6] References
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