The Quốc âm thi tập (Vietnamese: 國音詩集, "National pronunciation poetry collection")[a] is a collection of Vietnamese poetry written in the vernacular chữ Nôm script. It is attributed to Nguyễn Trãi (chữ Hán: 阮廌). The collection of 254 poems was traditionally[clarification needed] written after Nguyễn Trãi's retirement from court life.[1] It was compiled around the reign of emperor Lê Thánh Tông (1460–1497).
The first page of Quốc âm thi tập contains the poems Thủ vĩ ngâm (首尾吟), Ngôn chí thi 1 (言志詩) , and Ngôn chí thi 2 (其二, 言志詩). This collection is found in Ức Trai di tập (抑齋遺集; 1868; Seventh volume)
Background
Quốc âm thi tập helped lead the development of chữ Nôm as a script for Vietnamese, and it contains poetic themes not found in Literary Chinese poems.[2] The text itself contains approximately 12,500 different Nôm characters that were used during the 15th century.[3] The text tended to use characters for their sound rather than use phono-semantic characters that were later created as the chữ Nôm was being developed.[4] An example would be the phrase 濁濁: normally it would be read as trọc trọc[b], but Quốc âm thi tập it is read as đục đục according to the Nôm reading.[4]
The original Quốc âm thi tập influenced emperor-reformer Lê Thánh Tông was best known for his Hồng Đức legal code. Lê Thánh Tông was also a poet and organized a literary group in 1495 called Tao Đàn nhị thập bát tú (chữ Hán: 騷壇二十八秀). The group produced another vernacular chữ Nôm collection, the Hồng Đức Quốc Âm thi tập (洪德國音詩集, "Hồng Đức National pronunciation poetry collection").[5]
^Ngôn chí thi 7, also known as Cơm trời áo cha, is the eighth poem of the collection.
References
^Mark W. McLeod, Thi Dieu Nguyen Culture and Customs of Vietnam 2001- Page 68 "... printing them — the earliest body of nom texts that we have dates from the early post-occupation era and is attributed to Nguyen Trai. In this collection of 254 nom poems, called Quoc Am Thi Tap (Collected Poems in the National Language), composed after his retirement from court life, Nguyen Trai gives vent to his disenchantment with politics and expresses his preference a rural life of rustic pleasures and quiet contemplation."
^Mona Baker, Gabriela Saldanha Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies 2009 - Page 532 "The staff of Nam Phong also translated early Vietnamese texts in Chinese and Nôm into chữ Quốc ngữ, for example Hồng Đức quốc-âm thi-tập (Collected Poems of the Hồng Đức Period) and Phan Huy Chú's Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí (Regulations Made by the Various Dynasties, Arranged in Categories)."
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