Red cell genotypingRed cell genotyping,[1][2][3] also known as blood group genotyping,[4][5][6][7] is a molecular technique used to identify genetic variants responsible for antigens on the surface of red blood cells. Genotyping in transfusion medicineUnlike traditional serological testing, which relies on the presence of antibodies to detect antigens, genotyping analyzes DNA to determine an individual's blood group profile with high accuracy. This approach is particularly valuable in complex transfusion cases, such as in patients with multiple alloantibodies, hemoglobinopathies, or recent transfusions that can obscure serological results. Red cell genotyping enhances transfusion safety by enabling precise donor-recipient matching, reducing the risk of alloimmunization, and improving outcomes for patients requiring chronic transfusions, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. The molecular testing of red cell antigens is often handled in conjunction with platelet and neutrophil antigens by professional organizations, such as the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)[8] and the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies (AABB).[9] Blood group genotyping versus Red cell genotypingBlood group genotyping refers to the analysis of blood group antigens that are presented on the red cell membrane, including those attached to proteins, the carbohydrate components of glycoproteins and glycolipids, or anchored via Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linker. By October 2024, a total of 366 red cell antigens have been officially recognized by the ISBT, organized into 47 distinct human blood group systems. Red cell genotyping is preferred over blood group genotyping because it includes all antigens found on the red cell membrane, not just those officially recognized as blood group antigens." See alsoReferences
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