SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant
The Lambda variant, also known as lineage C.37, is a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.[1] It was first detected in Peru in August 2020.[2] On 14 June 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) named it Lambda variant[1] and designated it as a variant of interest.[3] On 16 March 2022, the WHO has de-escalated the Lambda variant to "previously circulating variants of concern".[4][5] It has spread to at least 30 countries[6] around the world and is known to be more resistant to neutralizing antibodies compared to other strains.[7][8][9] There is evidence that suggests the Lambda variant is both more infectious and resistant to vaccines than the Alpha and/or Gamma variant.[10][11] MutationsThe Lambda genome has the following amino acid mutations, all of which are in the virus's spike protein code: G75V, T76I, Δ246-252, L452Q, F490S, D614G and T859N.[12]
HistoryFirst samples of the Lambda variant were detected in Peru in August 2020[2] and by April 2021, over eighty percent of new cases of COVID-19 in Peru were from the new variant.[1][14] In mid-June 2021, 90.6% of new COVID-19 cases in Arequipa and 78.1% of new cases in Cusco were the Lambda variant, according to the Peruvian Ministry of Health.[15] By this time the Lambda variant had also spread throughout South America and was detected in twenty-nine countries in total, especially in Argentina, Chile and Ecuador.[14][16] The WHO designated the Lambda variant as a "variant of interest" on 14 June 2021.[1] On 6 July 2021, Australia reported its first case of the Lambda variant in an overseas traveler who had been in a New South Wales quarantine hotel in April.[17] On 19 July 2021, Texas reported its first case of the Lambda variant.[18] On 22 July 2021, Florida reported 126 cumulative confirmed cases of the Lambda variant.[19] On 28 July 2021, University of Miami researchers announced random sampling showed 3 percent of COVID-19 patients in Jackson Memorial Health System and at University of Miami's UHealth Tower were infected with it.[20] On 5 August 2021, Louisiana reported its first case of the Lambda variant.[21] On 7 August 2021, Japan confirmed its first case of the Lambda variant, with the infected person arriving in Japan from Peru on 20 July.[22] On 15 August 2021, the Philippines confirmed its first case of the Lambda variant.[23] Statistics
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![Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the spike.[13]](File:SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant.svg)
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