Illustration of the relative positions of the Sun and planets
A 1766 Benjamin Martin mechanical model, or orrery , on display at the Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments Solar System models , especially mechanical models, called orreries planets and moons in the Solar System have been built for centuries. While they often showed relative sizes, these models were usually not built to scale. The enormous ratio of interplanetary distances to planetary diameters makes constructing a scale model of the Solar System a challenging task. As one example of the difficulty, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is almost 12,000 times the diameter of the Earth.
If the smaller planets are to be easily visible to the naked eye, large outdoor spaces are generally necessary, as is some means for highlighting objects that might otherwise not be noticed from a distance. The Boston Museum of Science had placed bronze models of the planets in major public buildings, all on similar stands with interpretive labels.[ 1] Jupiter was located in the cavernous South Station waiting area. The properly-scaled, basket-ball-sized model is 1.3 miles (2.14 km) from the model Sun which is located at the museum, graphically illustrating the immense empty space in the Solar System.
The objects in such large models do not move. Traditional orreries often did move, and some used clockworks to display the relative speeds of objects accurately. These can be thought of as being correctly scaled in time , instead of distance .
Permanent true scale models
Many towns and institutions have built outdoor scale models of the Solar System. Here is a table comparing these models with the actual system.
Name
Location
Scale:
Sun dia.
Earth dia.
Sun–Earth
Sun–Pluto
Description
Actual Solar System
1
1.392 Gm
12.76 Mm
149.6 Gm
5.914 Tm
Sweden Solar System [ 2] Stockholm , Sweden
20,000,000
71 m
65 cm
7,600 m
300 km
permanent; country-wide (begun 1998)
Solar System Drive[ 3] [ 4]
Coonabarabran , Australia
38,000,000
37 m
34 cm
4,100 m
205 km
permanent; drivable; non-geodetic (est. 1997)
Space for MUCO project[ 5]
Brussells , Belgium
40,000,000
34.8 m
32 cm
3,730 m
147 km
permanent; country wide; non-scale sculptures (est. 2004)
Maine Solar System[ 6] [ 7]
Presque Isle, Maine
93,000,000
15 m
13.7 cm
1,600 m
64 km
permanent; drivable (est.2003)
Mont Megantic Dark Sky Reserve Great Solar System
Parc national du Mont-Mégantic , Canada
100,000,000
14 m
12.4 cm
1,450 m
57 km
permanent; drivable (est.2018)
Otago Central Interplanetary Cycle Trail[ 8] [ 9] [ 10]
Otago Central Rail Trail , New Zealand
100,000,000
13.91 m
12 cm
1,496 m
59.06 km
permanent; cyclable (est.2017)
Riverfront Museum Solar System[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14]
Peoria, Illinois
99,000,000
11 m
10.0 cm
1,200 m
47 km
permanent; drivable (est. 1992?)
Vienna Solar System
Vienna , Austria
163,764,706
8.5 m
7.78 cm
913 m
36 km
under construction since 2018. Physical + Augmented Reality
Planet Lofoten [ 15] Lofoten , Norway
200,000,000
7 m
6.4 cm
750m
30 km
under construction
Planet Trek Dane County
Madison, Wisconsin
200,000,000
7 m
6.6 cm
777 m
38.3 km
permanent; fully accessible by foot and bike paths (est. 2009)
Sunspot Solar System Model[ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19]
Sunspot, New Mexico
250,000,000
5.6 m
5.1 cm
1.5 m
23.6 km
permanent, drivable
Lethbridge Solar System Model
Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
254,000,000
5.5 m
5 cm
500 m
14.7 km (Neptune)
permanent, drivable, walkable (est. 2022)
El Sistema Solar de la comarca de Ciudad Rodrigo
Ciudad Rodrigo , Spain
290,000,000
4.8 m
4.4 cm
1.2 m
25 km
permanent, Walk & Drive
If the Earth were a Ping-Pong ball[citation needed
Westminster, London
318,905,000
4.36 m
4 cm
?
?
In construction; Walk & Drive (est. 2018) Centered around Deans Yard, Westminster
Moab Scale Model of the Solar System[ 20]
Moab , Utah
385,937,677
3.6 m
2.4 cm
?
15.3 km
permanent; Walk and Drive (est. 2007)
Light Speed Planet Walk[ 21]
Anchorage , Alaska
390,000,000
?
?
?
16.6 km
permanent; drivable (est. 2005)
Community Solar System Trail[ 22] [ 23]
Boston , Massachusetts
400,000,000
3.5 m
3.2 cm
380 m
15.3 km
permanent; drivable (established in 1997, removed in 2015)
The Solar System to Scale
Estremoz , Portugal
414,000,000
3.4 m
3.1 cm
361 m
14.3 km
permanent; drivable; bikeable
Solar System Stroll[ 24]
Bratislava , Slovakia
464,000,000
3 m
2.7 cm
322 m
13 km
permanent; bikeable, drivable; under construction since 2024
Somerset Space Walk
Bridgwater Canal , Somerset , England
530,000,000
2.5 m
?
?
11 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
York's Solar System model
York , England
575,872,239
2.4 m
2.2 cm
260 m
10.3 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 1999)
Traverse Bay Community Solar System[ 25]
Traverse City , Michigan
592,763,356
0.9 m
?
209 m
10.0 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Michigan Solar System Model[ 26]
Coleman , Michigan
608,000,000
2.3 m
2.1 cm
324 m
9.8 km
permanent; bike trail Sun and Pls. Spheres (2017)
Solar System
Opava , Czech Republic
627,000,000
2.2 m
2.0 cm
239 m
9.42 km
permanent; bikeable; walkable; drivable (est. 2006)
Nine Views
Zagreb , Croatia
680,000,000
2.0 m
1.9 cm
225 m
8.7 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 2004)
Walk the Solar System
Fort St. John , British Columbia , Canada
682,353,000
2.0 m
1.9 cm
219 m
8.6 km
under construction
McCarthy Observatory[ 27]
New Milford , Connecticut
761,155,000
1.8 m
1.7 cm
195 m
7.1 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 2009)
Planet Walk[ 28]
Glen Burnie, Maryland .
781,000,000
?
?
191.5 m
7.56 km
Walkable, bikeable (est. 2008). Part of the permanent Baltimore & Annapolis Trail .
Trilho do Sistema Solar
Paredes de Coura , Portugal
831,000,000
1.675 m
1.533 cm
180 m
5.42 km (Neptune)
permanent; walkable; bikeable (est. 2016)
Planetenpad Utrecht
Utrecht , The Netherlands
1,000,000,000
1.3 m
1.3 cm
150 m
7.4 km (Neptune)
Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or on kayak
Model of the Solar System
Helsinki , Finland
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.2 cm
149.6 m
6.1 km
permanent; bikeable
Planetenmodell Hagen
Hagen , Germany
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 1959)
Planetenweg Schwarzbach
Kriftel , Germany
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 1998)
Uetliberg Planetenweg
Zürich , Switzerland
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable
Planetenwanderweg
Ehrenfriedersdorf , Germany
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable
Planetary Trail
Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 2005)
Planetary Trail
Prague , Czech Republic
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
13 km (Sedna as discovered) permanent; bike & walk; all objects above 1000km; (est. 13.5.2018)
Melbourne Solar System[ 29] [ 30]
Melbourne , Australia
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km (Pluto)
permanent; bikeable (est. 2008) Proxima Centauri scale distance calculated travelling Melbourne to Melbourne via the Poles.[ 31]
Scale Model Solar System[ 32]
Eugene , Oregon
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.2 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; bikeable (est. 1997)
Planetstien, Sandnes
Sandnes , Norway
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.2 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; walkable, bikeable (est. 2010)
Planetstien, Lemvig
Lemvig , Denmark
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.2 cm
150 m
5.9 km
permanent; walkable
Grand Trunk Pathway Solar System Model
Terrace, British Columbia
1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
6 km
permanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2018)
Planet Walk
Munich , Germany
1,290,000,000
1.1 m
1.0 cm
116 m
4.6 km
permanent; walkable (est. 1995)
Strolling at the speed of light
La Malbaie , Quebec , Canada
1,500,000,000
0.9 m
0.8 cm
100 m
3 km (Neptune)
permanent; walkable (est. 2009) (temp?)
State of the Solar System[ 33] [ 34] [ 35]
Bellingham , Washington
1,826,770,000
0.762 m
0.6858 cm
82 m
?
permanent; walkable (est. 2016)
Meteoria Söderfjärden
Vaasa , Finland
2,000,000,000
0.7 m
?
?
?
permanent; walkable
Planetenweg Göttingen
Göttingen , Germany
2,000,000,000
0.70 m
0.65 cm
75 m
3.2 km
permanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2013)
Solar System Walking Tour[ 36] [ 37] [ 38]
Gainesville , Georgia
2,000,000,000
0.7 m
0.6 cm
75 m
2.9 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2000)
Rymdpromenaden ("Spacewalk")
Gothenburg , Sweden
2,000,000,000
0.7 m
0.6 cm
75 m
3 km
permanent; walkable (est. 1978)
Montshire Museum of Science[ 39]
Norwich , Vermont
2,200,000,000
0.6 m
0.6 cm
68 m
2.7 km
permanent; walkable
Ride to Pluto: Boise's Solar System[ 40]
Boise Greenbelt , Boise , Idaho
2,200,000,000
0.5 m
?
?
2.4 km
permanent; walkable & bikeable
The Solar walk[ 41] [ 42]
Longview , Washington
2,240,000,000
0.6 m
0.6 cm
56.94 m
2.7 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2001)
Akaa Solar System Scale Model
Akaa, Finland
3,000,000,000
0.46 m
0.4 cm
49.9 m
1.958 km (Pluto)
permanent; walkable (est. 2017), Proxima Centauri in Yulara, Australia
Elmhurst Scale Model of the Solar System[ 43] [ 44]
Elmhurst , Illinois
3,044,620,000
0.5 m
0.4 cm
49.1 m
1.929 km
permanent; walk & drive (est. 2013)
Solar System model group of sculptures
Kecskemét, Hungary
3,300,000,000
0.418 m
0.4 cm
45 m
1.8 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Milky Way path
Westerbork, The Netherlands
3,700,000,000
?
?
?
2.5 km
permanent; walkable
Solar Walk
Gainesville , Florida
4,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
37.4 m
1.5 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2002)
Otford Solar System Model [ 45]
Otford , England
4,595,700,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
32 m
900 m
permanent; walkable; Includes: Proxima Centauri in Los Angeles, USA; Barnard's Star in Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; Sirius in Sydney, Australia; and Ross 154 in Christchurch, New Zealand
Wooster Planet Walk
Wooster , Ohio
5,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
30 m
1.2 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2014)
The Sagan Planet Walk
Ithaca , New York
5,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
30 m
1.2 km
permanent; walkable (est. 1997)
Delmar Loop Planet Walk
University City , Missouri
5,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.2 cm
30 m
870 m (Neptune)
permanent; walkable (est. 2009)
The Solar Walk
Cleveland , Ohio
5,280,000,000
0.3 m
0.2 cm
28.4 m
1.1 km
permanent; walkable
Solar System Walk
An Exploration of Scale
Carlsbad, California
5,280,000,000
?
?
28 m
1.119 km
Located near Lake Calavera
O Sistema Solar no Parque[ 46]
Natal , Brazil
7,000,000,000
0.2 m
1.8 mm
22 m
875 m
permanent; walkable/bikeable (est. June 3rd, 2016)
A True Scale Model of the Solar System[ 47] [ 48]
Cookeville, Tennessee
10,000,000,000
0.14 m
0.12 cm
15 m
590 m
permanent; walkable (est. 2017)
Voyage National Program [1] National Mall, Washington, D.C. (2001) Kansas City, Missouri (2008)Space Center Houston, Texas (2008) Corpus Christi, Texas (2009)Boulder, Colorado (2021) Palo Alto, California (2022)[ 49] [ 50] Broken Arrow, Oklahoma (2022) Ocala, Florida (2022) Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana (2022) Dover, New Hampshire (2023) Spokane, Washington (2022) Memphis, Tennessee (2023) Chalmette, Louisiana (2023) Jonesboro, Arkansas (2023) Troy, New York (2024)
10,000,000,000
0.1 m
0.1 cm
15 m
600 m
permanent; walkable; US national program
Lake Innitou Thousand Yard Interplanetary Walk
Woburn, Massachusetts
10,000,000,000
0.23 m (bowling ball)
N/A (stone plaque)
24 m
932 m (1019 yd)
permanent; walkable (est. 2004); along the sidewalk by Horn Pond .
NJ Botanical Garden
Ringwood , New Jersey
10,000,000,000
0.2 m
2.0 cm
23.8 m
927 m
walkable
Colorado Scale Model Solar System
Fiske Planetarium , Boulder , Colorado
10,000,000,000
0.1 m
0.1 cm
15 m
600 m
permanent; walkable (est. 1987)
Anstruther Model Solar System
Anstruther , Scotland
10,000,000,000
0.1 m
0.1 cm
15 m
600 m
permanent; walkable (est. 2014)
Le Chemin Solaire
La Couyère , Brittany
10,000,000,000
1 m
0.1 cm
?
450 m
permanent; walkable (est. 2011)
Solar Walk UofT Scarborough
Toronto , Ontario and Eureka, Nunavut
10,000,000,000
0.14 m
0.13 cm
15 m
591 m
permanent; walkable/bikeable (est. 2017)
MIT's Infinite Solar System[ 51] [ 52] [ 53]
Cambridge , Massachusetts
30,000,000,000
4.6 cm
0.43 mm
5.0 m
200 m
permanent; walkable (est. 2018); along "Infinite Corridor "
Solar System Lawn Model[ 54]
Griffith Observatory , Los Angeles , California
105,000,000,000
1.32 cm
0.12 mm
1.42 m
56 m
permanent; walkable; engraved in the front sidewalk
Name
Location
Scale
Sun dia.
Earth dia.
Sun-Earth
Sun-Pluto
Description
Kirkhill model 1776 [ a] Scotland
1:778,268,620.8
1.8 m
1.6 cm
197 m
-
decayed
Planetenpad Utrecht
Netherlands
1:1,000,000,000
1.3 m
1.3 cm
150 m
7.4 km (Neptune)
Leads from Centre Utrecht to Rhijnauwen, on foot, on bike or by kayak
Planet Walk Malta[1]
Buġibba , Malta
1:2,956,760,000 (distance) / 695,000,000 (sizes)
2.0 m
1.84 cm
50.60 m
2.0 km (Neptune)
Leads from Malta Aquarium west along promenade
Sorghvliet
The Hague , Netherlands
1:696,000,000
2.0 m
1.8 cm
215 m
6.5 km (Neptune)
(temporary)
Sol Chicago[ 55] [ 56]
Chicago
1:73,660,000
19 m
17.3 cm
2,050 m
61 km (Neptune)
(temporary) proposed
Le Chemin des planètes
Saint-Luc , Switzerland 1:1,000,000,000
1.4 m
1.3 cm
150 m
5.9 km
uses two different scales for distance and size
The Madison Planet Stroll[ 57]
Madison , Wisconsin
1:4,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
37 m
1.5 km
(virtual)
Solar System Stroll
Perth , Western Australia
1:5,000,000,000
0.3 m
0.3 cm
30 m
1.2 km
permanent; walkable (est. 2016)
The Thousand-Yard Model[ 58] [ 59]
(virtual)
1:6,336,000,000
0.2 m
0.2 cm
25 m
1 km
The scale of the planets is the same as the scale between them, and the planets are represented by everyday objects; the Earth is a peppercorn, Jupiter is a walnut, and Neptune is a coffee bean.
(dismantled)
Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha! , Quebec
1:10,000,000,000
0.1 m
0.1 cm
15 m
0.6 km
(dismantled) (est. 1985)
Lafayette Walk
Detroit , Michigan
1:6,336,000,000
23 cm
0.2 cm
25 m
983 m
A walking demonstration of (un)imaginable distances. "It's nowhere near Graham's Number ."
Planets on the Path
Chicago , Illinois
1:2,195,000,000
457 m
13.5 miles
(2015, temporary)
The Solar System, to scale, for a school yard
PDF for printing
1:11,945,400,000
11.6 cm
0.1 cm
12.5 m
492 m
PDFs, A4 and 8½″×11″, to be printed, affixed to cards which are affixed to sticks; then to be held by children standing in a school yard. Includes major moons and asteroids.
Naas Virtual Solar System
Naas , County Kildare
1 : 154,557,330
9 m
82 mm
968 m
29 km (Neptune)
In Ireland, this instantly recognisable roadside spherical sculpture is well known, and is used as the model for the Sun. The website[ 60]
Saskatoon Solar Walk
Saskatoon , Saskatchewan
1 : 1,275,600,000
109 cm
1 cm
110 m
4,500 m
Personal and public art installation.
Eise Eisinga Visvliet [ 61]
Visvliet , The Netherlands
1: 870,000,000
160 cm
1.5 cm
172 m
n/a
Permanent installation honouring Eise Eisinga , the creator of the world famous Planetarium in Franeker , who lived in Visviet in 1700. As the original Planetarium only includes the planets up to Saturn, so does this one.
Several sets of geocaching caches have been laid out as Solar System models.
See also
References
^ Possibly the first accurate scale model after the measurement of the astronomical unit in 1769.
^ "Boston Community Solar System " at Waymarking.com.
^ "Sweden Solar System |" (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-09-15 .^ "Worlds Largest Virtual Solar System Drive" . www.visitnsw.com . Retrieved 2022-09-15 .^ "Coonabarabran: The world's largest solar system drive" . www.playingintheworldgame.com . 5 November 2012. Retrieved 2024-02-19 .^ "Monumental" . timroosen (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-05-15 .^ Bayly, Julia (2021-08-18). "Here's how you can visit the solar system in Maine, no rocket ship required" . Bangor Daily News . Retrieved 2022-09-15 . ^ "Maine Solar System Model" . Maine Solar System Model . Retrieved 2022-09-15 .^ Jones, Pam (2017-03-16). "Solar system to scale on Rail Trail" . Otago Daily Times . Retrieved 2022-09-15 . ^ Williams, Katarina (2016-11-12). "Otago Central rail trail to become 100 million to one model replica of the Solar System" . Stuff . Retrieved 2022-09-15 . ^ "An Interplanetary Ride" . Otago Central Rail Trail . 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