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The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialing rules, which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain.[citation needed] The former Soviet country code 7 is still retained by Russia and Kazakhstan.
Basic principles
The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long-distance prefix was 8.
Local numbers could be dialed directly, and usually consisted of 5-7 digits, with seven-digit numbers only occurring in Moscow (since 1968), Leningrad (since 1976) and Kiev (since 1981). If the internal number of the regional center had less than 7 digits, then its intercity code was supplemented with numbers (usually 2 for the administrative center, 6 for the second largest city).
For calls to other areas, one had to first dial long-distance prefix 8, then, after the tone, the full code of the numbering area, which consisted of a three-digit code and zone additional digit(X), and then the local phone number.
For international calls, one should dial 8 10 [country code] [code] [phone number].
For example: 8 10 1 212 XXXXXXX for a call to New York City.
Also: 8 10 359 2 XXXXXX for a call to the city of Sofia.
Emergency and service numbers
A payphone with a list of toll-free numbers
Emergency numbers in the USSR began with 0 and had two digits. When one called the emergency numbers, no tariff was charged. (However, in Moscow in the late 1980s calling emergency services from a payphone was not free, despite the declared free-of-charge numbers.)
01 - Fire brigade
02 - Police
03 - Ambulance
04 - Gas leaks
05 was used in some major cities as a city certificate of addresses of residents or organizations
06 was used in many cities (and in some cases is still[1]) for reception of telegrams through the home telephone
07 was used to order long-distance calls through the operator
08 was used and continues to be used[2] to contact the telephone repair bureau
09 was a telephone directory service (search for a phone by the name of the organization or the subscriber).[3]
In addition, in Moscow there was and continues to operate a toll-free telephone number 100 to get the current time. The free telephone service of the exact time is preserved in also other cities of Russia; for example in Kaliningrad this number is 060.
Area codes
Area codes were assigned geographically, so that neighboring regions usually had close area code numbers.
Area 0
Area codes with 0 denotes the republics and Oblasts of the European part of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, these codes in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were preserved, with minor changes. Area codes in Ukraine and Belarus later dropped initial 0. In Russia, in December 2005 the leading zero in the Oblastal area codes was replaced by a 4 with the next 2 numbers same (except Kaliningrad Oblast turning from 011 to 401 as 411 is in use).
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