Web IDL

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Web IDL is an interface description language (IDL) format for describing APIs (application programming interfaces) that are intended to be implemented in web browsers. Its adoption was motivated by the desire to improve the interoperability of web programming interfaces by specifying how languages such as ECMAScript should bind these interfaces.^[1]

Web IDL is an IDL variant with:^[2]

• A number of features that allow one to more easily describe the behavior of common script objects in a web context.
• A mapping of how interfaces described with Web IDL correspond to language constructs within an ECMAScript execution environment.

Web specifications had been specified using OMG IDL since 1998, first with the DOM Level 1 specification.^[3] However, interfaces defined using OMG IDL were not able to specify behavior for JavaScript precisely, leading to issues with interoperability.^[3][1] WebIDL improved on this status quo by providing data types and binding specifications that make the intended behavior in JavaScript clearer.

The first edition of the Web IDL specification became a Candidate Recommendation on 19 April 2012 and a W3C Recommendation on 15 December 2016.^[4] For many years the Editor's Draft of a potential second edition, was what most new web specifications referenced. On 5 October 2021, the Editor's Draft was moved to the WHATWG as the Web IDL Living Standard per an update to the agreement between the W3C and WHATWG.

• The W3C Wiki has a list of W3C Specifications that use Web IDL,^[5] and nearly all WHATWG specifications use it.^[6]
• The Chromium Project has a page about using WebIDL to specify interfaces in Blink.^[7]
• Mozilla uses Web IDL in their software creation process, mapping implementations to Web IDL specs.^[8]
• When WebKit is built, the IDL files are parsed, creates the code to bind interfaces to implementations.^[9]
• In the ES operating system, every system API is defined in Web IDL, and can be invoked from JavaScript directly.^[10]

• List of standards that use Web IDL
• Web IDL syntax checker