シトクロムcは高度に保存されたタンパク質で、植物、動物、単細胞生物など非常に多様な生物で確認されている。この保存性と、約 12,000 Da という分子量の小ささから、分子系統学において有用なツールとなっている。一次構造はおよそ100アミノ酸残基から成るポリペプチド鎖であるが、多くの多細胞生物では104アミノ酸残基のポリペプチド鎖となっている[8]。
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