1980年代初期以降、大型装置の発展の遅さに失望した物理学者たちはフューザーによる核融合をあきらめ、代わりとなる設計に研究の矛先を変えていった。一方で、イリノイ大学アーバナ・シャンペーン校のジョージ・ミレーはフューザーについて取り上げ、学会に再導入を図り、この時以来フューザーに対して低くとも安定した興味が維持されている。この後、フューザーを基礎とする中性子発生器の開発が成功し商業的に導入された。Robert W. Bussardは2006年からは彼がなくなる2007年まで、フューザーと類似した設計のPolywell(en:Polywell)と呼ばれる炉について話しており、これは発電機としての能力があると明言していた[1]。
R.W. Bussard, "Method and apparatus for controlling charged particles", アメリカ合衆国特許第 4,826,646号, May, 1989 (Method and apparatus — Magnetic grid fields).
R.W. Bussard, "Method and apparatus for creating and controlling nuclear fusion reactions", アメリカ合衆国特許第 5,160,695号, November, 1992 (Method and apparatus — Ion acoustic waves).
Reducing the Barriers to Fusion Electric Power; G.L. Kulcinski and J.F. Santarius, October 1997 Presented at "Pathways to Fusion Power", submitted to Journal of Fusion Energy, vol. 17, No. 1, 1998. (Abstract in PDF)
Robert L. Hirsch, "Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement of Ionized Fusion Gases", Journal of Applied Physics, v. 38, no. 7, October 1967
Irving Langmuir, Katharine B. Blodgett, "Currents limited by space charge between concentric spheres" Physics Review, vol. 24, No. 1, pp49-59, 1924
R. A. Anderl, J. K. Hartwell, J. H. Nadler, J. M. DeMora, R. A. Stubbers, and G. H. Miley, Development of an IEC Neutron Source for NDE, 16th Symposium on Fusion Engineering, eds. G. H. Miley and C. M. Elliott, IEEE Conf. Proc. 95CH35852, IEEE Piscataway, NJ, 1482–1485 (1996).
"On the Inertial-Electrostatic Confinement of a Plasma" William C. Elmore, James L. Tuck, Kenneth M. Watson, "The Physics of Fluids" v. 2, no 3, May-June, 1959
D-3He Fusion in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device; R.P. Ashley, G.L. Kulcinski, J.F. Santarius, S. Krupakar Murali, G. Piefer; IEEE Publication 99CH37050, pg. 35-37, 18th Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Albuquerque NM, 25-29 October 1999. (PDF)
G.L. Kulcinski, Progress in Steady State Fusion of Advanced Fuels in the University of Wisconsin IEC Device, March 2001
Fusion Reactivity Characterization of a Spherically Convergent Ion Focus, T.A. Thorson, R.D. Durst, R.J. Fonck, A.C. Sontag, Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 38, No. 4. p. 495, April 1998. (abstract)
Convergence, Electrostatic Potential, and Density Measurements in a Spherically Convergent Ion Focus, T. A. Thorson, R. D. Durst, R. J. Fonck, and L. P. Wainwright, Phys. Plasma, 4:1, January 1997.
R.W. Bussard and L. W. Jameson, "Inertial-Electrostatic Propulsion Spectrum: Airbreathing to Interstellar Flight", Journal of Propulsion and Power, v 11, no 2. The authors describe the proton — Boron 11 reaction and its application to ionic electrostatic confinement.
R.W. Bussard and L. W. Jameson, "Fusion as Electric Propulsion", Journal of Propulsion and Power, v 6, no 5, September-October, 1990 (This is the same Bussard who conceived the Bussard Ramjet widely used in science-fiction for interstellar rocketry)
Could Advanced Fusion Fuels Be Used with Today's Technology?; J.F. Santarius, G.L. Kulcinski, L.A. El-Guebaly, H.Y. Khater, January 1998 [presented at Fusion Power Associates Annual Meeting, August 27 - August 29 1997, Aspen CO; Journal of Fusion Energy, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1998, p. 33].