K・エリック・ドレクスラーはナノテクノロジーに関する学術的な論文を初めて書いた人物だとされている[3][4]。著述を通して、またスポークスマンとして、ナノテクノロジーの概念を一般に浸透させた中心的人物でもあった[3][5]。工学者であったドレクスラーは、物理学者リチャード・ファインマンが1959年に行った講演『ゼアーズ・プレンティ・オブ・ルーム・アット・ザ・ボトム』から大きな影響を受けた。この講演は当時注目されていなかったが、トップダウンの工学的な方法によって個々の原子を操作することが物理的に可能ではないかと提案するものだった。またドレクスラーは遺伝子組換え技術のような先端的な分子生物学からも影響を受けていた。1981年、ドレクスラーは Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 誌にナノテクノロジーに関する最初の雑誌論文とされる論考を投稿し、リボソームなどの生体系物質が原子を一つ一つ積み上げて分子を構築していることを指摘するとともに、人工的な機械にもそのような能力を持たせることが可能だと主張した[6]。後にドレクスラーはナノテクノロジーを題材とした本を二冊書いた。一般向けの『創造する機械(英語版)』[7]、専門家向けの『ナノシステムズ』[8]である。また分子ナノテクノロジーの認知と理解を向上させることを目的とした公益団体 Foresight Institute の共同設立者となった[3]。
^When a boy and a girl fall in love, it is often said that the chemistry between them is good. This common use of the word "chemistry" in human relations comes close to the subtlety of what actually happens in the more mundane coupling of molecules. In a chemical reaction between two 'consenting' molecules, bonds form between some of the atoms in what is usually a complex dance involving motion in multiple dimensions.... And if the chemistry is really, really good, the molecules that do react will all produce the exact product required.
^Because the fingers of a manipulator arm must themselves be made out of atoms, they have a certain irreducible size. There just isn't enough room in the nanometer-size reaction region to accommodate all the fingers of all the manipulators necessary to have complete control of the chemistry.... [Also,] the atoms of the manipulator hands will adhere to the atom that is being moved. So it will often be impossible to release this minuscule building block in precisely the right spot. Both these problems are fundamental, and neither can be avoided. Self-replicating, mechanical nanobots are simply not possible in our world.
^This ubiquitous biological molecular assembler suffers from neither the “fat finger” nor the “sticky finger” problem. If, as Smalley argues, both problems are “fundamental,” then why would they prevent the development of mechanical assemblers and not biological assemblers? If the class of molecular structures known as proteins can be synthesized using positional techniques, then why would we expect there to be no other classes of molecular structures that can be synthesized using positional techniques?
^The impossibility of "Smalley fingers" has raised no concern in the research community because these fingers solve no problems and thus appear in no proposals. Your reliance on this straw-man attack might lead a thoughtful observer to suspect that no one has identified a valid criticism of my work. For this I should, perhaps, thank you.
^Positional control naturally avoids most side reactions by preventing unwanted encounters between potential reactants. Transition-state theory indicates that, for suitably chosen reactants, positional control will enable synthetic steps at megahertz frequencies with the reliability of digital switching operations in a computer. The supporting analysis for this conclusion appears in "Nanosystems" and has withstood a decade of scientific scrutiny.
^U.S. progress in molecular manufacturing has been impeded by the dangerous illusion that it is infeasible. I hope you will agree that the actual physical principles of molecular manufacturing are sound and quite unlike the various notions, many widespread in the press, that you have correctly rejected. I invite you to join me and others in the call to augment today's nanoscale research with a systems engineering effort aimed at achieving the grand vision articulated by Richard Feynman.
^I see you have now walked out of the room where I had led you to talk about real chemistry, and you are now back in your mechanical world. I am sorry we have ended up like this. For a moment I thought we were making progress. You still do not appear to understand the impact of my short piece in Scientific American. Much like you can't make a boy and a girl fall in love with each other simply by pushing them together, you cannot make precise chemistry occur as desired between two molecular objects with simple mechanical motion along a few degrees of freedom in the assembler-fixed frame of reference. Chemistry, like love, is more subtle than that.
^You and people around you have scared our children. I don't expect you to stop, but I hope others in the chemical community will join with me in turning on the light, and showing our children that, while our future in the real world will be challenging and there are real risks, there will be no such monster as the self-replicating mechanical nanobot of your dreams.
^Pelesko, John A. (2007). Self-assembly: the science of things that put themselves together. New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC. pp. 8. ISBN978-1-58488-687-7
^ abKurzweil, Ray (2005). The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 236–241. ISBN0-14-303788-9 邦訳版 『ポスト・ヒューマン誕生 コンピュータが人類の知性を超えるとき』NHK出版、2007年。