^ abcdHassanin, A.; Douzery, E. (2003). “Molecular and Morphological Phylogenies of Ruminantia and the Alternative Position of the Moschidae”. Systematic Biology52 (2): 206–228. doi:10.1080/10635150390192726. PMID12746147.
^ abBubenik, A. Epigenetical, Morphological, Physiological, and Behavioral Aspects of Evolution of Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers. in Horns, Pronghorns, and Antlers. G. Bubenik and A. Bubenik eds. Springer-Verlag. New York. 1990
^Hassanin, A.; Delsuc, F.; Ropiquet, A.; Hammer, C.; Matthee, C.; Ruiz-Garcia, M.; Catzeflis, F.; Areskoug, V. et al. (2012). “Pattern and Timing of Diversification of Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria), as Revealed by a Comprehensive Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes”. Comptes Rendus Biologies335 (1): 32–50. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.002. PMID22226162.
^ abcdeDeMiguel, D.; Azanza, B.; Morales, J. (2014). “Key Innovations in Ruminant Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective”. Integrative Zoology9 (4): 412–433. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12080. PMID24148672.
^Morales, J.; Pickford, M.; Soria, D.; Pachyostosis (1993). “Lorancameryx pachyostoticus Nov. Gen. Nov. Sp. and Its Bearing on the Evolution of Bony Appendages in Artiodactyls”. Geobios26 (2): 207–230. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(93)80016-K.
^Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp.
^Flower, W. On the Arrangement of the Orders and Families of Existing Mammalia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 178-186. 1883.