トポイソメラーゼ活性のいろいろ。この絵では、2重鎖DNAを一本の線で表している。(-) SC は負の超らせん 、(+) SC は正の超らせんを示す。euk topo I は真核生物の topo I を、E. coli topo I は大腸菌の topo I を表す。II 型トポイソメラーゼによるカテナンの解消。この絵では、2重鎖DNAを一本の線で表している。euk topo II は真核生物の topo II を、E. coli topo IV は大腸菌の topo IV を表す。酵母 topoisomerase II とDNA複合体の構造 (PDB ID =2RGR)
トポイソメラーゼは大きく2つの型(I 型と II 型)に分類される。I 型と II 型 は、さらに反応機序の異なる2つのサブクラスに分類される(IA, IB と IIA, IIB)[1][2]。一部の細菌と古細菌は、水平遺伝子移行(lateral gene transfer)によっていくつかのトポイソメラーゼ遺伝子(括弧で示されたもの)を互いに交換しているらしい[3]。
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^Wang, James C.; Liu, Lynn F. (1979). “DNA topoisomerases: enzymes that catalyze the concerted breaking and rejoining of DNA backbone bonds”. In J.H. Taylor. Molecular Genetics, Part III. New York: Academic Press. pp. 65–88
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^Kato J, Nishimura Y, Imamura R, Niki H, Hiraga S, Suzuki H (1990). “New topoisomerase essential for chromosome segregation in E. coli”. Cell63 (2): 393–404. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90172-b. PMID2170028.
^Roca J, Wang JC (1994). “DNA transport by a type II DNA topoisomerase: evidence in favor of a two-gate mechanism”. Cell77 (4): 609–616. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90222-4. PMID8187179.
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参考文献
J. C. Wang (2008). Untangling the double helix. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press