കിങ്ങ് ആർതർ

മധ്യ കാലഘട്ടത്തിലെ അഞ്ച്-ആറ്‌ നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് നായകനാണ്‌ കിങ്ങ് ആർതർ. സാക്സോൺ ആക്രമണകാരികൾക്കെതിരെ ആറാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ തുടക്കത്തിൽ ബ്രിട്ടിഷിനെ നയിച്ചു. ആർതറിനേ പറ്റി കൂടുതൽ അറിവുകളും നാടോടി പാട്ടുകളിൽ നിന്നും സാഹിത്യ രചനകളിൽ നിന്നുമണ്‌. അങ്ങനെയാണ്‌ ചരിത്രത്തിൽ അദേഹത്തിന്റെ കാലത്തിനേ പറ്റി ആധുനിക ചരിത്രകാരന്മാർക്ക് അറിവ് ലഭിക്കുന്നത്. അന്നലെസ് കംബ്രിയയെ, ഹിസ്റ്റോറിയ ബ്രിട്ടൊനും ഗിൽദാസിന്റെ രചനകളിൽ നിന്നുമാണ്‌ പ്രധാനമായും വിവരങ്ങൾ ലഭിക്കുന്നത്. വൈ.ഗോഡ്ഡോഡിനിൽ ആർതറിനെ പറ്റി പരാമർശിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്[1] വൈ.ഗോഡ്ഡോഡിൻ എന്നാണ് എഴുതിയതെന്ന് വ്യക്തമല്ല. ഇതിൽ ആറാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ സംഭവങ്ങൾ വിവരിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. അതിനോടൊപ്പം ഒൻപത്,പത്ത് നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ സംഭവങ്ങളും വിവരിക്കുന്നുണ്ട്. എന്നാൽ അവശേഷൈക്കുന്നത് പതിമൂന്നാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിന്റെ പകർപ്പ് മാത്രമാണ്‌.

Tapestry showing Arthur as one of the Nine Worthies, wearing a coat of arms often attributed to him[2] (c. 1385)

ആർതറായിരുന്നു ബ്രിട്ടണിലെ ഇതിഹാസങ്ങളെ സൃഷ്ട്ടിക്കുന്നതിലെ പ്രധാന കേന്ദ്രം. അതിനാൽ ഇദ്ദേഹത്തെ മാറ്റ്ര് ഓഫ് ബ്രിട്ടണ് എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു[3]. ആർതറിനെ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര തലത്തിൽ ജനകീയനാക്കിയത് പന്ത്രണ്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ ജിയഫ്ഫ്രെയ് എഴുതിയ ഹിസ്റ്റോറിയ റെഗും ബ്രിട്ടാന്നിയ എന്ന പുസ്തകമാണ്‌​[4].‍ീന്നാൽ വെൽഷ്,ബ്രെട്ട്ൺ നാടോറ്റി കഥകളിലും കവിതകളിലും അതിനു മുൻപ് തന്നെ ആർതർ ഒരു വലിയ യോദ്ധാവും ബ്രിട്ടനെതിരെയുള്ള മാനുഷികവും അതിമാനുഷികമായ ശത്രുക്കൾക്കെതിരെ പോരാടുന്ന ധീരനായി ചിത്രീകരിച്ചിരുന്നു[5]. എന്നാൽ ഗോഡ്ഫ്രേയുടെ കൃതികൾക്ക് മുൻപുള്ള ആർതറിനെ പറ്റി പരാമർശിക്കുന്നവ ലഭ്യമല്ല.

അവലംബം

  1. ↑ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 15; Sims-Williams 1991. Y Gododdin cannot be dated precisely: it describes 6th-century events and contains 9th- or 10th-century spelling, but the surviving copy is 13th-century.
  2. ↑ Neubecker 1998–2002
  3. ↑ Higham 2002, pp. 11–37, has a summary of the debate on this point.
  4. ↑ Thorpe 1966, but see also Loomis 1956
  5. ↑ See Padel 1994; Sims-Williams 1991; Green 2007b; and Roberts 1991a

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അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്


പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ

Texts on Wikisource:

Legendary titles
മുന്നോടിയായത് King of Britain Succeeded by
Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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