പസഫിക് യുദ്ധം

Pacific War
World War II ഭാഗം
Map indicating US landings during the Pacific War
Map showing the main areas of the conflict and Allied landings in the Pacific, 1942–45
തിയതി
7 December 1941 – 2 September 1945
(3 വർഷം, 8 മാസം, 3 ആഴ്ച and 5 ദിവസം)
സ്ഥലം
ഫലംAllied victory
Territorial
changes		Allied occupation of Japan
  • Removal of all Japanese troops occupying parts of the Republic of China and the retrocession of Taiwan to China
  • Liberation of Korea and Manchuria from Japanese rule, followed by the division of Korea
  • Cession of all Japanese-held islands in the Central Pacific Ocean to the United Nations
  • Removal of all Japanese troops from the Australian-governed Solomon Islands and the territories of New Guinea and Papua
  • Seizure and annexation of South Sakhalin and of the Kuril Islands by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands is placed under the authority of the United States of America. When the territory fell apart the US gained the territory of the Northern Mariana Islands.
    • യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നവർ
    Allies[1]

     United States

     China[a]

     United Kingdom

     Australia
     Canada
     ന്യൂസിലൻഡ്
     Netherlands

     Mexico
     Soviet Union

    and others [b]    		Axis

     Japan
     Thailand

    and others [c]
    പടനായകരും മറ്റു നേതാക്കളും
    ശക്തി
    Republic of China (1912–49) 14,000,000[2]
    അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ 3,621,383+ (1945)[d]
    ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് രാജ് 2,000,000[7]
    സോവ്യറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ 1,669,500 (1945)[8]
    ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 600,000
    United Kingdom 400,000[7]
    നെതർലൻഡ്സ് 140,000[9][e]    		Empire of Japan 7,800,000–7,900,000 (1945)[10][11][12]
    തായ്‌ലൻഡ് 126,500[13]
    Manchukuo, , and others: ~1,000,000+ (1945)[14]
    നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
    • Military
      4,000,000+ dead (1937–45)
      Breakdown
      • Allied casualties 1937–1945:
        • Republic of China (1912–49) 3,237,000+[15][16]
          (not including allied irregulars)
        • 584,267
        • അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകൾ 425,588[f]
        • ബ്രിട്ടീഷ് സാമ്രാജ്യം 235,000
        • നെതർലൻഡ്സ് 140,000
        • Commonwealth of the Philippines 100,000+
        • സോവ്യറ്റ് യൂണിയൻ 68,612+
        • ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ 45,841
        • ഫ്രാൻസ് 20,000+
        • Mongolia 753
        • ഡൊമീനിയൻ ഓഫ് ന്യൂസിലൻഡ് 578+
    • Civilian deaths
      26,000,000+ (1937–45)[g]
    • Military
      2,500,000+ dead (1937–45)[h]
    • Civilian deaths
      1,000,000+[i]
    • a Including its islands and neighboring countries
    • b Partially and briefly

    രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധത്തിന്റെ ഒരു രംഗഭൂമി ആയിരുന്നു ഏഷ്യൻ പസഫിക് യുദ്ധം എന്ന പേരിലും അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന പസഫിക് യുദ്ധം. ഈ യുദ്ധം ശാന്തസമുദ്രത്തിലും, ഏഷ്യ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ വെച്ചാണ് നടന്നത്.[35]

    പസഫിക് യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ജപ്പാനെതിരെ സഖ്യകക്ഷികൾ എതിരായി. പിന്നീട് തായ്ലാൻഡിന്റെ പിന്തുണയോടെ,  ജർമ്മനിയും ഇറ്റലിയും ചേർന്ന് അച്ചുതണ്ട് ശക്തികൾക്ക് ചെറിയ തോതിൽ പിന്തുണ നൽകി. ജപ്പാനിലെ ഹിരോഷിമയിലും നാഗസാക്കിയിലും അമേരിക്ക അണുബോംബ് പ്രയോഗിച്ചതോടെ ജപ്പാൻ നിരുപാധികം കീഴടങ്ങുകയായിരുന്നു.[36]

    അവലോകനം

    യുദ്ധത്തിനുള്ള പേരുകൾ

    Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Allied Commander-in-Chief in the China theatre from 1942 to 1945

    യുദ്ധകാലത്ത് സഖ്യ രാജ്യങ്ങളിൽ, പസഫിക് യുദ്ധത്തെ പൊതുവേ രണ്ടാം ലോകമഹായുദ്ധത്തിൽ നിന്ന് വേർതിരിച്ചിരുന്നില്യ. ജപ്പാനെതിരായ യുദ്ധം എന്നായിരുന്നു അറിയപ്പെട്ടിരുന്നത്. അമേരിക്കൻ ഐക്യനാടുകളിൽ പസഫിക് രംഗഭൂമി എന്ന പദം ഉപയോഗിക്കപ്പെട്ടു.

    പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ സഖ്യകക്ഷികളുമായുള്ള യുദ്ധവും ചൈനയിൽ നടന്നുകൊണ്ടിരിക്കുന്ന യുദ്ധത്തെയും സൂചിപ്പിക്കാൻ ജപ്പാൻ 1941 ഡിസംബർ 10 ന് കാബിനറ്റ് തീരുമാനത്തെ തുടർന്ന് ഗ്രേറ്റർ ഈസ്റ്റ് ഏഷ്യൻ യുദ്ധം ( Greater East Asia War (大東亜戦争 Dai Tō-A Sensō?) (大東亜戦争, Dai Tō-A Sensō) എന്ന് വിളിച്ചു. ഈ പേര് ഡിസംബർ 12-ന് പൊതുജനമധ്യത്തിൽ പരസ്യപെടുത്തി.[37]


    പങ്കാളികൾ

    • The Imperial Powers 1939
      The Imperial Powers 1939

    ഇതും കാണുക

    • പസഫിക് യുദ്ധം പ്രചാരണങ്ങൾ

    കുറിപ്പുകൾ

    1. ↑ At war since 1937
    2. ↑ Complete list of nations that fought on the Allied side in the Pacific War: China, the United States, the United Kingdom (including the Fiji Islands, the Straits Settlements and other colonial forces), Tonga (a British protectorate), Australia (including the Territory of New Guinea), the Commonwealth of the Philippines (a United States protectorate), British India, the Netherlands (including Dutch East Indies colonial forces), the Soviet Union, New Zealand, Canada, Mexico, and Mongolia. Free French Naval Forces contributed several warships, such as the Le Triomphant. After the Liberation of France, the French battleship Richelieu was sent to the Pacific. From 1943, the commando group Corps Léger d'Intervention took part in resistance operations in Indochina. French Indochinese forces faced Japanese forces in a coup in 1945. The commando corps continued to operate after the coup until liberation.
      Guerrilla organizations that fought for the Allies include the Chinese Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army, the Hukbalahap, the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army, the Manchurian Anti-Japanese Volunteer Armies, the Korean Liberation Army, the Free Thai Movement and the Việt Minh.
    3. ↑ Complete list of nations and groups that fought on the Axis side in the Pacific War: Japan (including Thailand, the puppet government of Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Wang Jingwei regime, and other Chinese collaborationist governments and organizations, the State of Burma, the Provisional Government of Free India, the puppet Second Philippine Republic, and other states in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere). The Vichy French allowed the Japanese to use bases in French Indochina beginning in 1941 following invasion. In addition, Germany and Italy both contributed small naval forces.
    4. ↑ Strength of the US Military in Asia and the Pacific as of war's end: Army: 1,770,036,[3] Navy (excluding Coast Guard and Marines): 1,366,716,[4] and Marine Corps: 484,631.[5] These figures do not include the Coast Guard or naval personnel in the China-Burma-India theater.[6]
    5. ↑ These numbers do not include the Royal Netherlands Navy.
    6. ↑ 111,914 battle deaths (including 13,395 who died as POWs and 5,707 who died of wounds), 49,000+ non-battle deaths,[17] 248,316 wounded, 16,358 captured and returned)[18][19]
    7. ↑ Over 17 million Chinese civilian deaths (1937–45);[20] around 4 million civilian deaths from the Dutch East Indies;[21][page needed] 1–2 million Indochinese civilians;[22] around 3 million[23] Indian civilian deaths in the Bengal famine of 1943; 0.5 to 1 million[24] Filipino civilian deaths; 250,000[25] to 1,000,000[26] Burmese civilian deaths; 50,000[27] East Timorese civilian deaths; and hundreds of thousands of Malayan, Pacific and other civilian deaths[21][page needed]
    8. ↑ 2,133,915 Japanese military deaths 1937–45,[28] 1.18 million Chinese collaborator casualties 1937–45 (432,000 dead),[29] 22,000 Burmese casualties,[അവലംബം ആവശ്യമാണ്] 5,600 Thai troops killed,[30] and 2,615 Indian National Army (Azad Hind) killed/missing[31]
    9. ↑ 460,000 Japanese civilian deaths (338,000 in the bombings of Japan,[32] 100,000 in the Battle of Okinawa, 22,000 in the Battle of Saipan), 543,000 Korean civilian deaths (mostly due to Japanese forced labor projects),[33] 2,000–8,000 Thai civilian deaths[34]

    അവലംബങ്ങൾ

    1. ↑ A Decade of American Foreign Policy 1941–1949 Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers, Moscow Archived 8 നവംബർ 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
    2. ↑ Hastings p. 205
    3. ↑ Coakley and Leighton (1989). Global Logistics and Strategy 1943–1945 p. 836
    4. ↑ US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command Table 9.
    5. ↑ King, Ernest J. (1945). Third Report to the Secretary of the Navy p. 221
    6. ↑ US Navy Personnel in World War II Service and Casualty Statistics, Naval History and Heritage Command Footnote 2.
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hastings, p. 10.
    8. ↑ Beevor: The Second World War p. 776. Total involved in Manchuria
    9. ↑ "Chapter 10: Loss of the Netherlands East Indies". The Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. 1 – Plans & Early Operations. HyperWar. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
    10. ↑ Cook (1992). Japan at War: an Oral History. New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-039-3. p. 403. Japanese strength is given at 4,335,500 in the Home Islands and 3,527,000 abroad.
    11. ↑ Harrison p. 29 Retrieved 10 March 2016
    12. ↑ Australia-Japan Research Project, "Dispositions and Deaths" Retrieved 10 March 2016
    13. ↑ Meyer, Milton Walter (1997). Asia: A Concise History. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 309. ISBN 9780847680634.
    14. ↑ Jowett, pp. 72
    15. ↑ Hsu Long-hsuen "History of the Sino-Japanese war (1937–1945)" Taipei 1972
    16. ↑ Clodfelter, Michael "Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference", Vol. 2, pp. 956.
    17. ↑ C. E. Albertson, "Beneath the Southern Cross" p. xv
    18. ↑ "United States Dept. of the Army, Army Battle Casualties and Non Battle Deaths in World War II". Cgsc.cdmhost.com. Archived from the original on 2010-05-12. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
    19. ↑ Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 585.
    20. ↑ "Chinese People Contribute to WWII". Retrieved 23 April 2009.
    21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Dower, John William (1987), War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. Pantheon
    22. ↑ "Vietnam needs to remember famine of 1945". Mailman.anu.edu.au. Archived from the original on 2017-10-19. Retrieved 31 October 2010.
    23. ↑ Amartya Sen (1981). Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. London: Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9780195649543.
    24. ↑ Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 ISBN 978-0-7658-0352-8. pp. 143–44.
    25. ↑ Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 556
    26. ↑ McLynn, The Burma Campaign: Disaster into Triumph, 1942–1945, p. 1.
    27. ↑ Ruas, Óscar Vasconcelos, "Relatório 1946–47", AHU
    28. ↑ Bren, John (3 June 2005) "Yasukuni Shrine: Ritual and Memory" Japan Focus. Retrieved on 5 June 2009.
    29. ↑ R. J. Rummel. China's Bloody Century. Transaction 1991 ISBN 0-88738-417-X. Table 5A
    30. ↑ Eiji Murashima, "The Commemorative Character of Thai Historiography: The 1942–43 Thai Military Campaign in the Shan States Depicted as a Story of National Salvation and the Restoration of Thai Independence" Modern Asian Studies, v40, n4 (2006) pp. 1053–96, p. 1057n:
    31. ↑ Michael Clodfelter. Warfare and Armed Conflicts – A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. 2nd Ed. 2002 ISBN 0-7864-1204-6. p. 556.
    32. ↑ Statistics of Democide: Chapter 13: Death By American Bombing, RJ Rummel, University of Hawaii.
    33. ↑ Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 1931–1945 Transaction 2007 ISBN 978-0-7658-0352-8 p. 19
    34. ↑ E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations", Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, v21, n1, March 1990, pp. 66–87. "An OSS document (XL 30948, RG 226, USNA) quotes Thai Ministry of Interior figures of 8,711 air raids deaths in 1944–45 and damage to more than 10,000 buildings, most of them totally destroyed. However, an account by M. R. Seni Pramoj (a typescript entitled 'The Negotiations Leading to the Cessation of a State of War with Great Britain' and filed under Papers on World War II, at the Thailand Information Center, Chulalongkorn University, p. 12) indicates that only about 2,000 Thai died in air raids."
    35. ↑ Williamson Murray, Allan R. Millett A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War, Harvard University Press, 2001, p. 143
    36. ↑ "MacArthur orders end of Shinto as Japanese state religion". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
    37. ↑ Jansen 2002, p. 626.

    ഉറവിടങ്ങൾ

    കൂടുതൽ വായനയ്ക്ക്

    • Dean, Peter J. McArthur's Coalition: US and Australian operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, 1942-1945 ( University Press of Kansas, 2018)
    • Werner Gruhl (31 December 2011). Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931–1945. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-0926-9.
    • Judge, Sean M. et al. The Turn of the Tide in the Pacific War: Strategic Initiative, Intelligence, and Command, 1941-1943 (University Press of Kansas, 2018)

    ബാഹ്യ ലിങ്കുകൾ
    Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
    Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    Portal di Ensiklopedia Dunia

    Portal : Agama
    Agama
    Portal : Bahasa
    Bahasa
    Portal : Biografi
    Biografi
    Portal : Budaya
    Budaya
    Portal : Ekonomi
    Ekonomi
    Portal : Elektronika
    Elektronika
    Portal : Film
    Film
    Portal : Filsafat
    Filsafat
    Portal : Geografi
    Geografi
    Portal : Indonesia
    Indonesia
    Portal : Ilmu
    Ilmu
    Portal : Lingkungan
    Lingkungan
    Portal : Masyarakat
    Masyarakat
    Portal : Matematika
    Matematika
    Portal : Militer
    Militer
    Portal : Mitologi
    Mitologi
    Portal : Musik
    Musik
    Portal : Olahraga
    Olahraga
    Portal : Pendidikan
    Pendidikan
    Portal : Politik
    Politik
    Portal : Sastra
    Sastra
    Portal : Sejarah
    Sejarah
    Portal : Seni
    Seni
    Portal : Teknologi
    Teknologi

    Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya