ഫ്രെഞ്ച് പ്രതിരോധം

ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Resistance

ഇതേ പേരിലുള്ള ചെസ്സിലെ ഒരു പ്രാരംഭനീക്കത്തിനായി, ദയവായി ഫ്രഞ്ച് പ്രതിരോധം കാണുക.

ജെർമനിയുടെ നാസിപ്പടയ്ക്കെതിരേയും, രണ്ടാം ലോക മഹായുദ്ധത്തിനോടനുബന്ധിച്ച് വിഷി ഫ്രാൻസിലുണ്ടായ ചാരന്മാർക്കെതിരേയും നടന്ന ഗറില്ലായുദ്ധ തന്ത്രങ്ങളോടേയുള്ള ചെറുകൂട്ടങ്ങളുടെ പ്രതിരോധത്തെ പൊതുവെ ഫ്രെഞ്ച് പ്രതിരോധം എന്ന് വിളിക്കുന്നു(French: La Résistance française).പ്രതിരോധക സെല്ലുകൾ എന്നത് സ്ത്രീകളും,പുരുഷന്മാരും അടങ്ങിയ കൊച്ചു കൊച്ചു സംഘങ്ങളാണ്(മക്വിസ് എന്ന് ഇവരെ ഗ്രാമീണ മേഖലകളിൽ വിളിക്കുന്നു)^[2]^[3] രഹസ്യ പത്രങ്ങൾ പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിക്കുന്നതും,നേരിട്ട് ലഭിച്ച വിവരങ്ങളുടെ ദാതാക്കളും,ശത്രുഭാഗത്ത് കുടുങ്ങികിടക്കുന്ന സഖ്യകക്ഷികളിലെ ഭടന്മാരേയും, പൈലറ്റുമാരേയും രക്ഷിക്കുകയും, ചെയ്യുന്നത് ഇവർ തന്നെയാണ്.

കുറിപ്പുകൾ

↑ Pharand (2001), p. 169
↑ Collins Weitz (1995), p. 50
↑ Kedward (1993), p. 30

അവലംബം

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അധിക വായനയ്ക്ക്

Cobb, Matthew (2009). The Resistance: The French Fight against the Nazis. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-84737-123-2
Humbert, Agnès (tr. Barbara Mellor), Résistance: Memoirs of Occupied France, London, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 2008 ISBN 978-0-7475-9597-7 (American title: Resistance: A Frenchwoman's Journal of the War, Bloomsbury, USA, 2008); Dutch: Resistance. Dagboek van een Parisienne in het verzet (Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2008)
Knight, Frida (1975). The French Resistance, 1940–44. London: Lawrence and Wishart. ISBN 978-0-85315-331-3
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Sapiro, Gisèle. (2014). The French Writers’ War 1940-1953 (1999; English edition 2014); highly influential study of intellectuals online review
Schoenbrun, David (1980). Soldiers of the Night, The Story of the French Resistance. New American Library. ISBN 978-0-452-00612-6
Porch, Douglas (1995). The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War. ISBN 9780374158538