↑Seyler, Gustav A.:Die Wappen der deutschen Landesfürsten. Reprograf. Nachdr. von Siebmacher's Wappenbuch 1. Bd., 1. Abt. 2. – 5. Teil (Nürnberg 1909 – 1929)
↑Preble, George Henry, History of the Flag of the United States of America: With a Chronicle of the Symbols, Standards, Banners, and Flags of Ancient and Modern Nations, 2nd ed, p. 102; A. Williams and co, 1880
↑Fischer၊ Michael; Senkel၊ Christian (2010)။ Klaus Tanner (ed.)။ Reichsgründung 1871: Ereignis, Beschreibung, Inszenierung။ Münster: Bachmann Verlag။
↑Ochsmann, Almut. "100 Jahre deutsche Nationalhymne: Überlegungen zu Eine vaterländische Ouvertüre op. 140." Mitteilungen der Internationalen Max-Reger-Gesellschaft 3.42 (2022): 18–23.
↑German Empire။ 20 September 2022 တွင် မူရင်းအား မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး။ 17 September 2022 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
↑Nipperdey, Thomas, "Deutsche Geschichte 1866–1918: Zweiter Band: Machtstaat vor der Demokratie" (1995), p. 98–108.
↑Röhl, John C. G. "Kaiser Wilhelm II: A Concise Life" (2014), p. 172–173.
↑Haardt, Oliver F. R. (2016). "The Kaiser in the Federal State, 1871–1918". German History34 (4): 529–554. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghw117.
↑Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term Kaiserreich literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although Reich has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was Deutsches Reich, which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. – "The German Empire 9 August 2017 ၌ မော်ကွန်းပြန်ကြည့်စက်တွင် မော်ကွန်းတင်ပြီး .." Harper's New Monthly Magazine. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593.[neutrality သည် အငြင်းပွားနေသည်။]
↑World Book, Inc. The World Book dictionary, Volume 1. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany.
↑Joseph Whitaker. Whitaker's almanack, 1991. J Whitaker & Sons, 1990. Pp. 765. Refers to the term Deutsches Reich being translated into English as "German Realm", up to and including the Weimar period.