↑Azar, George Baramki (1991). Palestine: a photographic journey. University of California Press. p. 125. ISBN978-0-520-07544-3. He was born in al-Birwa, a village east of Acre, in 1941. In 1948 his family fled to Lebanon to escape the fighting between the Arab and Israeli armies. When they returned to their village, they found it had been razed by Israeli troops.
↑Taha, Ibrahim (2002). The Palestinian Novel: a communication study. Routledge. p. 6. ISBN978-0-7007-1271-7. al-Birwa (the village where the well-known Mahmud Darwish was born), which was destroyed by the Israeli army in 1948.
↑Jonathan Cook (21 August 2008). "A poet for the people". New Statesman. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
↑Jonathan Cook (12 August 2008). "The National". The National. Retrieved 20 August 2012.