Премия Альберта Ласкера за фундаментальные медицинские исследования (англ.Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award) — одна из номинаций премии Ласкера, присуждаемых фондом Альберта и Мэри Ласкеров (англ.Lasker Foundation). Премия вручается учёным за фундаментальные исследования, давшие методику, информацию или концепции, которые помогли в изучении и способствовали устранению большого числа заболеваний.
For fundamental contributions to our understanding of the mechanism of blood clotting and for the development of methods for the improved treatment of thromboembolic conditions.
For development of original methods for pure culture of living mammalian cells as a basis for new research in their nutrition, growth, genetics, and mutation.
For contributions concerning the causes of cancers, the source of antibodies, and the mechanism of blood cell generation and destruction in human beings.
For the countercurrent distribution technique as a method for the separation of biologically significant compounds, and for the isolation and structure studies of important antibiotics.
For contributions to the first identification and characterization of the protein products of oncogenes, thus providing a clearer understanding of cell growth and regulation.
For the discovery of the basic mechanisms controlling cholesterol metabolism, opening the way to a new pharmacologic approach to the treatment of coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the Western world.
For brilliantly demonstrating that the DNA responsible for antibody production is routinely reshuffled to create new genes during the lifetime of an individual.
For fundamental research on the Bithorax Complex, which established the role of homeotic genes in the development of cell patterns and provided a foundation for current studies of embryonic development.
For charting new paths in developmental biology through investigations that led to the discovery of nearly all genes responsible for organizing basic body patterns.
For discoveries concerning the endo-thelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), now known to be nitric oxide, a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. For the ingenious elucidation of the cyclic GMP signaling pathway of nitric oxide and for essential discoveries that led to establishing the link between endothelium-derived relaxing factor and nitric oxide.
For pioneering genetic and molecular studies that revealed the universal machinery for regulating cell division in all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to frogs to humans.
For elucidating the functional and structural architecture of ion channel proteins, which govern the electrical potential of membranes throughout nature, thereby generating nerve impulses, and controlling muscle contraction, cardiac rhythm, and hormone secretion.
For the discovery and recognition of the broad significance of the ubiquitin system of regulated protein degradation, a fundamental process that influences vital cellular events, including the cell cycle, malignant transformation, and responses to inflammation and immunity.
For the development of a powerful technology for manipulating the mouse genome with exquisite precision, which allows the creation of animal models of human disease.
For discoveries revealing the universal molecular machinery that orchestrates the budding and fusion of membrane vesicles — a process essential to organelle formation, nutrient uptake, and secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters.
For pioneering studies on eukaryotic RNA polymerases and the general transcriptional machinery, which opened gene expression in animal cells to biochemical analysis.
For the discovery of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors and elucidation of a unifying mechanism that regulates embryonic development and diverse metabolic pathways.
For ingenious experiments that first identified a stem cell — the blood-forming stem cell — which set the stage for all current research on adult and embryonic stem cells.
For discoveries concerning nuclear reprogramming, the process that instructs specialized adult cells to form early stem cells — creating the potential to become any type of mature cell for experimental or therapeutic purposes.
For discoveries concerning the cell’s protein-folding machinery, exemplified by cage-like structures that convert newly made proteins into their biologically active forms.
For discoveries concerning the unfolded protein response — an intracellular quality-control system that detects harmful misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and signals the nucleus to carry out corrective measures.
For the discovery of the pathway by which cells from humans and most animals sense and adapt to changes in oxygen availability – a process essential for survival.
За их открытие двух отдельных классов лимфоцитов, B и T-клеток — монументальное достижение, которое обеспечило принцип организации адаптивной иммунной системы и положило начало современной иммунологии
For the discovery of light-sensitive microbial proteins that can activate or silence individual brain cells and for their use in developing optogenetics—a revolutionary technique for neuroscience.
