Leet o Preses o the Unitit States Thiss leet incloodes aw fowk wha hae been Preses o the Unitit States. Leet o preses   Unaffiliated (2)       Federalist (1)       Democratic-Republican (4)       Democratic (15)       Whig (4)       Republican (19)       Naitional Union (2) Presidency[a] Preses Prior office[b] Pairty[c] Term[d] Vice Preses 1 Aprile 30, 1789 [e] – Mairch 4, 1797 George Washington 1732–1799 (Lived: 67 years) [1][2][3] Commander-in-Chief o the Continental Airmy (1775–1783)   Unaffiliatit [4] (1788–89) 1 (1789) John Adams [f][g] (1792) 2 (1793) 2 Mairch 4, 1797 – Mairch 4, 1801 John Adams 1735–1826 (Lived: 90 years) [5][6][7] 1st Vice Preses o the Unitit States Federalist (1796) 3 (1797) Thomas Jefferson [h] 3 Mairch 4, 1801 – Mairch 4, 1809 Thomas Jefferson 1743–1826 (Lived: 83 years) [8][9][10] 2nt Vice Preses o the Unitit States Democratic- Republican (1800) 4 (1801) Aaron Burr Mairch 4, 1801 – Mairch 4, 1805 (1804) 5 (1805) George Clinton Mairch 4, 1805 – Mairch 4, 1809 4 Mairch 4, 1809 – Mairch 4, 1817 James Madison 1751–1836 (Lived: 85 years) [11][12][13] 5t Unitit States Secretar o State (1801–1809) Democratic- Republican (1808) 6 (1809) George Clinton Mairch 4, 1809 – Aprile 20, 1812 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Clinton's term) (1812) 7 (1813) Elbridge Gerry Mairch 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Gerry's term) 5 Mairch 4, 1817 – Mairch 4, 1825 James Monroe 1758–1831 (Lived: 73 years) [14][15][16] 7t Unitit States Secretar o State (1811–1817) Democratic- Republican (1816) 8 (1817) Daniel D. Tompkins (1820) 9 (1821) 6 Mairch 4, 1825 – Mairch 4, 1829 John Quincy Adams 1767–1848 (Lived: 80 years) [17][18][19] 8t Unitit States Secretar o State (1817–1825) Democratic- Republican (1824) 10 (1825) John C. Calhoun 7 Mairch 4, 1829 – Mairch 4, 1837 Andrew Jackson 1767–1845 (Lived: 78 years) [20][21][22] U.S. Senator (Cless 2) frae Tennessee (1823–1825) Democratic (1828) 11 (1829) John C. Calhoun [i] Mairch 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832 (Resigned from office) Office vacant (Balance of Calhoun's term) (1832) 12 (1833) Martin Van Buren Mairch 4, 1833 – Mairch 4, 1837 8 Mairch 4, 1837 – Mairch 4, 1841 Martin Van Buren 1782–1862 (Lived: 79 years) [23][24][25] 8t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Democratic (1836) 13 (1837) Richard Mentor Johnson 9 Mairch 4, 1841 – Aprile 4, 1841 (Died in office) William Henry Harrison 1773–1841 (Lived: 68 years) [26][27][28] Unitit States Meenister tae Colombie (1828–1829) Whig (1840) 14 (1841) (1841) [j] John Tyler (Succeedit tae presidency) 10 Aprile 4, 1841 [k] – Mairch 4, 1845 John Tyler 1790–1862 (Lived: 71 years) [29][30][31] 10t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Whig Aprile 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 Office vacant Unaffiliated September 13, 1841 – Mairch 4, 1845 [l] 11 Mairch 4, 1845 – Mairch 4, 1849 James K. Polk 1795–1849 (Lived: 53 years) [32][33][34] 9t Govrenor o Tennessee (1839–1841) Democratic (1844) 15 (1845) George M. Dallas 12 Mairch 4, 1849 – Julie 9, 1850 (Died in office) Zachary Taylor 1784–1850 (Lived: 65 years) [35][36][37] Major General o the 1st Infantry Regiment Unitit States Airmy (1846–1849) (No prior elected office) Whig (1848) 16 (1849) (1850) [j] Millard Fillmore (Succeedit tae presidency) 13 Julie 9, 1850 [m] – Mairch 4, 1853 Millard Fillmore 1800–1874 (Lived: 74 years) [38][39][40] 12t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Whig Office vacant 14 Mairch 4, 1853 – Mairch 4, 1857 Franklin Pierce 1804–1869 (Lived: 64 years) [41][42][43] Brigadier General o the 9t Infantry Unitit States Airmy (1847–1848) Democratic (1852) 17 (1853) William R. King Mairch 4 – Aprile 18, 1853 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of King's term) 15 Mairch 4, 1857 – Mairch 4, 1861 James Buchanan 1791–1868 (Lived: 77 years) [44][45][46] Unitit States Meenister to the Court of St James's (1853–1856) Democratic (1856) 18 (1857) John C. Breckinridge 16 Mairch 4, 1861 – Aprile 15, 1865 (Died in office) Abraham Lincoln 1809–1865 (Lived: 56 years) [47][48][49] U.S. Representative for Illinois' 7t Destrict (1847–1849) Republican (National Union) [n] (1860) 19 (1861) Hannibal Hamlin Mairch 4, 1861 – Mairch 4, 1865 (1864) 20 (1865) (1865) [j] Andrew Johnson Mairch 4 – Aprile 15, 1865 (Succeedit tae presidency) 17 Aprile 15, 1865 – Mairch 4, 1869 Andrew Johnson 1808–1875 (Lived: 66 years) [50][51][52] 16t Vice Preses o the Unitit States National Union Aprile 15, 1865 – c. 1868 Office vacant Democratic c. 1868 – Mairch 4, 1869 [o] 18 Mairch 4, 1869 – Mairch 4, 1877 Ulysses S. Grant 1822–1885 (Lived: 63 years) [53][54][55] Commanding General o the U.S. Airmy (1864–1869) (No prior elected office) Republican (1868) 21 (1869) Schuyler Colfax Mairch 4, 1869 – Mairch 4, 1873 (1872) 22 (1873) Henry Wilson Mairch 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Wilson's term) 19 Mairch 4, 1877 – Mairch 4, 1881 Rutherford B. Hayes 1822–1893 (Lived: 70 years) [56][57][58] 29t & 32nt Govrenor o Ohio (1868–1872 & 1876–1877) Republican (1876) 23 (1877) William A. Wheeler 20 Mairch 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 (Died in office) James A. Garfield 1831–1881 (Lived: 49 years) [59][60][61] U.S. Representative for Ohio's 19t Destrict (1863–1881) Republican (1880) 24 (1881) (1881) [j] Chester A. Arthur (Succeedit tae presidency) 21 September 19, 1881 [p] – Mairch 4, 1885 Chester A. Arthur 1829–1886 (Lived: 57 years) [62][63][64] 20t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Republican Office vacant 22 Mairch 4, 1885 – Mairch 4, 1889 Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived: 71 years) [65][66] 28t Govrenor o New York (1883–1885) Democratic (1884) 25 (1885) Thomas A. Hendricks Mairch 4 – November 25, 1885 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Hendricks' term) 23 Mairch 4, 1889 – Mairch 4, 1893 Benjamin Harrison 1833–1901 (Lived: 67 years) [67][68][69] U.S. Senator (Cless 1) frae Indiana (1881–1887) Republican (1888) 26 (1889) Levi P. Morton 24 Mairch 4, 1893 – Mairch 4, 1897 Grover Cleveland 1837–1908 (Lived: 71 years) [65][66] 22nt President o the Unitit States (1885–1889) Democratic (1892) 27 (1893) Adlai Stevenson 25 Mairch 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 (Died in office) William McKinley 1843–1901 (Lived: 58 years) [70][71][72] 39th Govrenor o Ohio (1892–1896) Republican (1896) 28 (1897) Garret Hobart Mairch 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Hobart's term) (1900) 29 (1901) (1901) [j] Theodore Roosevelt Mairch 4 – September 14, 1901 (Succeedit tae presidency) 26 September 14, 1901 – Mairch 4, 1909 Theodore Roosevelt 1858–1919 (Lived: 60 years) [73][74][75] 25t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Republican Office vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905 (1904) 30 (1905) Charles W. Fairbanks Mairch 4, 1905 – Mairch 4, 1909 27 Mairch 4, 1909 – Mairch 4, 1913 William Howard Taft 1857–1930 (Lived: 72 years) [76][77][78] 42nt Unitit States Secretar o War (1904–1908) Republican (1908) 31 (1909) James S. Sherman Mairch 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 (Died in office) Office vacant (Balance of Sherman's term) 28 Mairch 4, 1913 – Mairch 4, 1921 Woodrow Wilson 1856–1924 (Lived: 67 years) [79][80][81] 34t Govrenor o New Jersey (1911–1913) Democratic (1912) 32 (1913) Thomas R. Marshall (1916) 33 (1917) 29 Mairch 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 (Died in office) Warren G. Harding 1865–1923 (Lived: 57 years) [82][83][84] U.S. Senator (Cless 3) frae Ohio (1915–1921) Republican (1920) 34 (1921) (1923) [j] Calvin Coolidge (Succeedit tae presidency) 30 August 2, 1923 [q] – Mairch 4, 1929 Calvin Coolidge 1872–1933 (Lived: 60 years) [85][86][87] 29t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Republican Office vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925 (1924) 35 (1925) Charles G. Dawes Mairch 4, 1925 – Mairch 4, 1929 31 Mairch 4, 1929 – Mairch 4, 1933 Herbert Hoover 1874–1964 (Lived: 90 years) [88][89][90] 3rd Unitit States Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928) (No prior elected office) Republican (1928) 36 (1929) Charles Curtis 32 Mairch 4, 1933 – Aprile 12, 1945 (Died in office) Franklin D. Roosevelt 1882–1945 (Lived: 63 years) [91][92][93] 44t Govrenor o New York (1929–1932) Democratic (1932) 37 (1933) John Nance Garner Mairch 4, 1933 – Januar 20, 1941 [r] (1936) 38 (1937) (1940) 39 (1941) Henry A. Wallace Januar 20, 1941 – Januar 20, 1945 (1944) 40 (1945) (1945) [j] Harry S. Truman Januar 20 – Aprile 12, 1945 (Succeedit tae presidency) 33 Aprile 12, 1945 – Januar 20, 1953 Harry S. Truman 1884–1972 (Lived: 88 years) [94][95][96] 34t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Democratic Office vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949 (1948) 41 (1949) Alben W. Barkley Januar 20, 1949 – Januar 20, 1953 34 Januar 20, 1953 – Januar 20, 1961 Dwight D. Eisenhower 1890–1969 (Lived: 78 years) [97][98][99] Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–1952) (No prior elected office) Republican (1952) 42 (1953) Richard Nixon (1956) 43 (1957) 35 Januar 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 (Died in office) John F. Kennedy 1917–1963 (Lived: 46 years) [100][101][102] U.S. Senator (Cless 1) frae Massachusetts (1953–1960) Democratic (1960) 44 (1961) (1963) [j] Lyndon B. Johnson (Succeedit tae presidency) 36 November 22, 1963 – Januar 20, 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson 1908–1973 (Lived: 64 years) [103][104] 37t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Democratic Office vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965 (1964) 45 (1965) Hubert Humphrey Januar 20, 1965 – Januar 20, 1969 37 Januar 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 (Resigned from office) Richard Nixon 1913–1994 (Lived: 81 years) [105][106][107] 36t Vice Preses o the Unitit States (1953–1961) Republican (1968) 46 (1969) Spiro Agnew Januar 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 (Resigned from office) (1972) 47 (1973) (1974) [j] Office vacant October 10 – December 6, 1973 Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974 (Succeedit tae presidency) 38 August 9, 1974 – Januar 20, 1977 Gerald Ford 1913–2006 (Lived: 93 years) [108][109][110] 40t Vice Preses o the Unitit States Republican Office vacant August 9 – December 19, 1974 Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – Januar 20, 1977 39 Januar 20, 1977 – Januar 20, 1981 Jimmy Carter 1924–2024 (Lived: 100 years) [111][112][113] 76t Govrenor o Georgie (1971–1975) Democratic (1976) 48 (1977) Walter Mondale 40 Januar 20, 1981 – Januar 20, 1989 Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 (Lived: 93 years) [114][115][116] 33rd Govrenor o California (1967–1975) Republican (1980) 49 (1981) George H. W. Bush (1984) 50 (1985) 41 Januar 20, 1989 – Januar 20, 1993 George H. W. Bush 1924–2018 (Lived: 94 years) [117][118][119] 43rd Vice Preses o the Unitit States Republican (1988) 51 (1989) Dan Quayle 42 Januar 20, 1993 – Januar 20, 2001 Bill Clinton Born 1946 (78 year auld) [120][121][122] 40t & 42nt Govrenor o Arkansas (1979–1981 & 1983–1992) Democratic (1992) 52 (1993) Al Gore (1996) 53 (1997) 43 Januar 20, 2001 – Januar 20, 2009 George W. Bush Born 1946 (78 year auld) [123][124] 46t Govrenor o Texas (1995–2000) Republican (2000) 54 (2001) Dick Cheney (2004) 55 (2005) 44 Januar 20, 2009 – Januar 20, 2017 Barack Obama Born 1961 (63 year auld) [125][126] U.S. Senator (Cless 3) frae Illinois (2005–2008) Democratic (2008) 56 (2009) Joe Biden (2012) 57 (2013) 45 Januar 20, 2017 – Januar 20, 2021 Donald Trump Born 1946 (78 year auld) [127][128] Chairman o The Trump Organization (1971–2017) (Na prior electit office) Republican (2016) 58 (2017) Mike Pence 46 Januar 20, 2021 – Incumbent Joe Biden Born 1942 (82 year auld) 47th Vice Preses o the Unitit States Democratic (2020) 58 (2021) Kamala Harris Notes ↑ The presidents are numbered according to uninterrupted periods of time served by the same person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A vice president who temporarily becomes acting president under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution is not counted, because the president remains in office during such a period. ↑ Listed here is the most recent office (either with a U.S. state, the federal government, or a private corporation) held by the individual prior to becoming President. ↑ Three presidents are counted above with multiple political affiliations: John Tyler (Whig, Unaffiliated), Abraham Lincoln (Republican, National Union), and Andrew Johnson (National Union, Democratic). ↑ Listed and numbered here are the elections and inaugurations that constitute a presidential term. ↑ Due to logistical delays, instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, the date scheduled for operations o the federal government under the new Constitution to begin, Washington's first inauguration was held 1 month and 26 days later. As a result, his first term was only 1,404 days long (as opposed to the usual 1,461), and was the shortest term for a U.S. president who neither died in office nor resigned. ↑ Political parties had not been anticipated when the Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, nor did they exist at the time o the first presidential election in 1788–89. When they did develop, during Washington's first term, Adams joined the faction which became the Federalist Pairty. The elections of 1792 were the first ones in the Unitit States to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis. ↑ Due to logistical delays, Adams assumed the office of Vice President 1 month and 17 days after the March 4, 1789 scheduled start of operations o the new government under the Constitution. As a result, his first term was only 1,413 days long, and was the shortest term for a U.S. vice president who neither died in office nor resigned. ↑ The 1796 presidential election was the first contested American presidential election and the only one in which a president and vice president were elected from opposing political parties. Federalist John Adams was elected president, and Jefferson o the Democratic-Republicans was elected vice president. ↑ John Calhoun, formerly a Democratic-Republican, founded the Nullifier Party in 1828 to oppose the Tariff of 1828 and advance the cause of states' rights, but was brought on as Andrew Jackson's running mate in the 1828 presidential election in an effort to broaden the democratic coalition led by Jackson. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Intra-term extraordinary inauguration. ↑ John Tyler was sworn in as President on April 6, 1841. ↑ John Tyler, a former Democrat, ran for vice president on the Whig Party ticket with Harrison in 1840. Tyler's policy priorities as president soon proved to be opposed to most o the Whig agenda, and he was expelled from the party in September 1841. ↑ Millard Fillmore was sworn in as President on July 10, 1850. ↑ When he ran for reelection in 1864, Republican Abraham Lincoln formed a bipartisan electoral alliance with War Democrats by selecting Democrat Andrew Johnson as his running mate, and running on the National Union Party ticket. ↑ Democrat Andrew Johnson ran for vice president on the National Union Party ticket with Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1864. Later, while president, Johnson tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union banner. Near the end of his presidency, Johnson rejoined the Democratic Party. ↑ Chester A. Arthur was initially sworn in as President on September 20, 1881, and then again on September 22. ↑ Calvin Coolidge was initially sworn in as President on August 3, 1923, and then again on August 23. ↑ The Twentieth Amendment to the Unitit States Constitution (ratified on January 23, 1933) moved Inauguration Day from March 4 to January 20, beginning in 1937. As a result, Garner's first term in office was 1 month and 12 days shorter than a normal term. References ↑ "George Washington". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "George Washington". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of George Washington". American Presidents: Life Portraits. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ Jamison, Dennis (31 December 2014). "George Washington's views on political parties in America". The Washington Times. Retrieved 1 Julie 2016. Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help) ↑ "John Adams". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "John Adams". History. Retrieved 21 November 2016. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Thomas Jefferson". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Thomas Jefferson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Thomas Jefferson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James Madison". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "James Madison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of James Madison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James Monroe". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "James Monroe". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of James Monroe". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "John Quincy Adams". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "John Quincy Adams". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Quincy Adams". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Andrew Jackson". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Andrew Jackson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Andrew Jackson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Martin Van Buren". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Martin Van Buren". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Martin Van Buren". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "William Henry Harrison". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 22 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "William Henry Harrison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of William Henry Harrison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "John Tyler". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "John Tyler". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of John Tyler". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James K. Polk". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 22 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "James K. Polk". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of James K. Polk". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Zachary Taylor". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Zachary Taylor". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Zachary Taylor". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Millard Fillmore". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Millard Fillmore". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Millard Fillmore". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Franklin Pierce". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Franklin Pierce". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Franklin Pierce". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James Buchanan". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "James Buchanan". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of James Buchanan". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Abraham Lincoln". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 21 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Abraham Lincoln". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Abraham Lincoln". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Andrew Johnson". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Andrew Johnson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Andrew Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Ulysses S. Grant". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Rutherford B. Hayes". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Rutherford B. Hayes". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Rutherford B. Hayes". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James Garfield". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "James A. Garfield". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of James Garfield". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Chester A. Arthur". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Chester A. Arthur". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Chester A. Arthur". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ a b "Grover Cleveland". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ a b "Life Portrait of Grover Cleveland". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Benjamin Harrison". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Benjamin Harrison". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Benjamin Harrison". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "William McKinley". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "William McKinley". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of William McKinley". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Theodore Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "William Howard Taft". whitehouse.gov. 13 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "William Howard Taft". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of William Howard Taft". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Woodrow Wilson". whitehouse.gov. 13 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 22 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Woodrow Wilson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Woodrow Wilson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Warren G. Harding". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Warren G. Harding". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 27 November 2016. ↑ "Life Portrait of Warren G. Harding". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Calvin Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. 13 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Calvin Coolidge". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Calvin Coolidge". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Herbert Hoover". whitehouse.gov. 13 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Herbert Hoover". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Herbert Hoover". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. 20 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 6 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Harry S. Truman". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Harry Truman". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Harry S. Truman". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Dwight D. Eisenhower". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 21 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Dwight D. Eisenhower". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Dwight D. Eisenhower". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "John F. Kennedy". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "John F. Kennedy". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of John F. Kennedy". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Lyndon B. Johnson". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Archived frae the original on 21 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Richard M. Nixon". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Gerald R. Ford". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Gerald Ford". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Gerald R. Ford". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "James Carter". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Jimmy Carter". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Jimmy Carter". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "Ronald Reagan". whitehouse.gov. 25 Juin 2008. Archived frae the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Ronald Reagan". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 18 Januar 2017. ↑ "Life Portrait of Ronald Reagan". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "George H. W. Bush". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "George Bush". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 27 November 2016. ↑ "Life Portrait of George H.W. Bush". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "William J. Clinton". whitehouse.gov. 12 Mairch 2007. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Bill Clinton". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 27 November 2016. ↑ "Life Portrait of Bill Clinton". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved 7 Mairch 2016. ↑ "George W. Bush". whitehouse.gov. 25 Februar 2007. Archived frae the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "George W. Bush". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 27 November 2016. ↑ "Barack Obama". whitehouse.gov. 20 Januar 2017. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Barack Obama". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 27 November 2016. ↑ "President Donald J. Trump". whitehouse.gov. 20 Januar 2017. Archived frae the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 22 Januar 2017. ↑ "Donald Trump". History.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved 20 Januar 2017.

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