Raspberry Pi (RPi) je mikroračunalnik v velikosti kreditne kartice, ki so ga razvili v Združenem Kraljestvu, za Raspberry Pi Fundacijo, ki spodbuja poučevanja osnov računalništva v šolah in v državah v razvoju.[1][2][3] Izvirni model je postal precej bolj priljubljen, kot so pričakovali[4], prodajali so ga tudi za namene, ki jih niso pričakovali. Obstajajo tudi kompleti, ki vključujejo dodatke, kot so miška, tipkovnica in kabli.[4]
Glede na Raspberry Pi Fundacijo so prodali več kot 10 milijonov Raspberry Pi do aprila 2016, zaradi česar je najbolje prodajani Britanski računalnik.[5]
Pregled
Obstaja več generacij računalnika Raspbery Pi. Prva generacija (Raspberry Pi 1 model B) je izšla v februarju 2012. Sledil je enostavnejši in cenovno ugoden model model A. V letu 2014, je fundacija izdala računalnik z izboljšano zasnovo v Raspberry Pi 1 model B+. Raspberry Pi računalniški modul je izšel v aprilu 2014. Raspberry Pi Zero z manjšo velikost in z manj vhodno/izhodnih (GPIO) priključkov, ki je bil izdan v novembru leta 2015 za $5. Pri Raspberry Pi 2so dodali več RAM-a je in bil izdan februarja 2015. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B, ki so ga izdali v februarju leta 2016 ima vgrajen WiFi in Bluetooth. Najnovejši računalnik je Raspberry Pi Zero W z vgrajenim WiFi in Bluetooth. Izšel je 28. februarja 2017 in stane $10.
Omrežja
Model A, A+ in Pi Zero nimajo Ethernet priključka in so z omrežjem povezani z uporabo zunanjega priključka USB. Modela B and B+ imata Ethernet vmesnik na čipu LAN9514.[6] Raspberry Pi 3 in Raspberry Pi Zero W sta opremljena z 2,4 GHz WiFi 802.11n (150 Mbit/s) in Bluetooth 4.1(24 Mbit/s) poleg 10/100 Ethernet vmesnika.
Broadcom VideoCore IV @ 250 MHz (BCM2837: 3D part of GPU @ 300 MHz, video part of GPU @ 400 MHz)[19][20] OpenGL ES 2.0 (BCM2835, BCM2836: 24 GFLOPS / BCM2837: 28.8 GFLOPS) MPEG-2 and VC-1 (with license),[21]1080p30 H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder[18] (BCM2837: 1080p60)
Pomnilnik (SDRAM)
256 MB (deljeno s GPU)
512 MB (deljeno s GPU) od 4. maja 2016. Starejši računalniki imajo 256 MB (deljeno s GPU)[22]
Micro-USB cable[35] or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector[47]
Generacija
1
1 +
1
1 +
2
2 ver 1.2
3
1
3
3 lite
PCB ver 1.2
PCB ver 1.3
W (Wireless)
Tip
Model A
Model B
Compute Module*
Zero
General purpose input-output (GPIO) priključek
Raspberry Pi 1 A+ B+, Raspberry Pi 2 B, Raspberry Pi 3 B in Raspberry Pi Zero (in Zero W) imajo 40 GPIO priključkov.[48][49] Modela A in B imata samo 26 priključkov.[50][51][52]
GPIO#
2. funkcija
Pin#
Pin#
2. funkcija
GPIO#
+3.3 V
1
2
+5 V
2
SDA1 (I²C)
3
4
+5 V
3
SCL1 (I²C)
5
6
GND
4
GCLK
7
8
TXD0 (UART)
14
GND
9
10
RXD0 (UART)
15
17
GEN0
11
12
GEN1
18
27
GEN2
13
14
GND
22
GEN3
15
16
GEN4
23
+3.3 V
17
18
GEN5
24
10
MOSI (SPI)
19
20
GND
9
MISO (SPI)
21
22
GEN6
25
11
SCLK (SPI)
23
24
CE0_N (SPI)
8
GND
25
26
CE1_N (SPI)
7
(Raspberry Pi 1 A in B se tukaj končata)
EEPROM
ID_SD
27
28
ID_SC
EEPROM
5
N/A
29
30
GND
6
N/A
31
32
12
13
N/A
33
34
GND
19
N/A
35
36
N/A
16
26
N/A
37
38
Digital IN
20
GND
39
40
Digital OUT
21
Model B rev. 2 ima 8 dodatnih priključkov, ki ponujajo dostop do dodatnih 4. GPIO povezav.[53]
Funkcija
2. funkcija
Pin#
Pin#
2. funkcija
Funkcija
N/A
+5 V
1
2
+3.3 V
N/A
GPIO28
GPIO_GEN7
3
4
GPIO_GEN8
GPIO29
GPIO30
GPIO_GEN9
5
6
GPIO_GEN10
GPIO31
N/A
GND
7
8
GND
N/A
Programska oprema
Operacijski sistemi
Operacijski sistemi za Raspberry Pi se namestijo preko MicroSD kartice Reža za njo se nahaja na spodnjem delu računalnika.
Na Raspberry Pi se uporablja predvsem Raspbian, različica sistema Debian osnovi Linux operacijskega sistema. Drugi operacijski sistemi, ki so na voljo prek uradne spletne strani so Ubuntu MATE, Snappy Ubuntu Core, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS in specializiranih distribucij Kodi media centra.[54]
Na računalniku Raspberry Pi lahko zaženete tudi mnoge druge operacijske sisteme.
Slackware ARM – version 13.37 and later runs on the Raspberry Pi without modification.[72][73][74][75] The 128–496 MB of available memory on the Raspberry Pi is at least twice the minimum requirement of 64 MB needed to run Slackware Linux on an ARM or i386 system.[76] (Whereas the majority of Linux systems boot into a graphical user interface, Slackware's default user environment is the textual shell / command line interface.[77]) The Fluxbox window manager running under the X Window System requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.[78]
Moebius[79] – is a light ARM HF distribution based on Debian. It uses Raspbian repository, but it fits in a 128 MB SD card.[80] It has only minimal services and its memory use is optimized to be small.
OpenWrt – is primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic.
Kali Linux – is a Debian-derived distro designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.
Pardus ARM[81] – is a Debian-based operating system which is the light version of the Pardus (operating system).
Instant WebKiosk – is an operating system for digital signage purposes (web and media views).
Ark OS – is designed for website and email self-hosting.
ROKOS[82] – is a Raspbian-based operating system with integrated clients for the Bitcoin and OKCash cryptocurrencies.
MinePeon – is a dedicated operating system for mining cryptocurrency.
Nard SDK[84] – is a software development kit (SDK) for industrial embedded systems.
Sailfish OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.)[85]
Tiny Core Linux – a minimal Linux operating system focused on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. Designed to run primarily in RAM.
IPFire – is a dedicated firewall/router distribution for the protection of a SOHO LAN; runs only on a Raspberry Pi 1; porting to the Raspberry Pi 2 is not planned for now.[86]
Alpine Linux – is a Linux distribution based on musl and BusyBox, primarily designed for "power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency".
Void Linux – a rolling release Linux distribution which was designed and implemented from scratch, provides images based on musl or glibc.
Tingbot OS[87] – temelji na Raspbian, oblikovan kot Tingbot dodatek in za zaganjanje Tide aplikacij.[88]
WTware for Raspberry Pi[89] za Raspberry Pi 2 in 3.
↑Richard Miller (18. avgust 2012). »9pi«. 9fans.net mail archive. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 12. oktobra 2014. Pridobljeno 8. januarja 2017.
↑Liz (5. december 2012). »Wednesday grab bag«. Raspberry Pi Foundation. See the "Plan 9" section. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 1. aprila 2014. Pridobljeno 8. januarja 2017.