在1905年俄国革命之前,民主选举立宪会议以制定俄国宪法是所有俄国革命党派的一个主要诉求。1906年,沙皇决定给予基本的公民权利,并选举新成立的立法机构——国家杜马。然而,杜馬并未获得制定新憲法的权力,也不能廢除君主制。此外,杜馬主要被立宪民主党人而不是社会主义者所控制。在1907年6月杜马重新选举后,沙皇政府依据自己1906年7月与杜马的协议解散了杜馬。1907年6月16日(儒略历6月3日),沙皇政府再次解散杜马(英语:Coup of June 1907)。最后,政府制定了一部有利于地主和统治阶级的选举法。
Ronald W. Clark(英语:Ronald W. Clark) 指出,驱散制宪会议“引起的反应相对较少,甚至在政治界内也是如此”[19]。奥兰多·费吉斯认为:“制宪会议的关闭没有引起大规模的反应。……社会革命党的知识分子一直错误地认为,农民与他们一样崇尚制宪会议。……对广大农民来说,它只是城市中一个遥远的东西,由各党派的‘首领’主导,他们并不理解这些,这与他们自己的政治组织完全不同”[20]。
學者爱德华·卡尔認為立憲會議未能適當地反映農民的意願。立宪会议的选票没有区分反对布尔什维克的右翼社会革命党和与布尔什维克结盟的左翼社会革命党[21]。因此,许多支持左翼社会革命党的农民把选票投给了右翼社会革命党代表[40],奥利弗·亨利·拉德基(英语:Oliver Henry Radkey)在其对立宪会议选举的研究中认为:
社会革命党与孟什维克于是又决定重返苏维埃体系,重新加入自己在1917年10月布尔什维克起义期间退出的苏维埃全俄中央执行委员会、彼得格勒苏维埃和其他苏维埃机构。他们希望,当布尔什维克无法解决紧迫的社会和经济问题时,他们便能依靠苏维埃的选举重新掌握权力。
他们在许多地方苏维埃选举中胜出,获得多数支持。但布尔什维克政府不承认选举结果,并多次解散反对布尔什维克的苏维埃。一位图拉的布尔什维克领导N. V. Kopulov给中央委员会的信中写道:
^See V. I. Lenin. Reply To Questions From Peasants, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 300-301, available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^Encyclopedia of Russian history / James R. Millar, editor in chief, Thomson Gale, 2004, ISBN 0-02-865696-2 (v. 3), p. 1930
^See V. I. Lenin. The Constituent Assembly Elections and the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, December 1919, Collected Works, Volume 30, pages 253-275 Progress Publishers, 1965. Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^The exact number of votes received by individual parties is still in dispute due to a large number of invalid ballots
^See Israel Getzler. Kronstadt 1917-1921: The Fate of a Soviet Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 1983, paperback edition 2002, ISBN 0-521-89442-5 p.180
^See Rex A. Wade. op. cit. p.277. See Lenin's decree published on November 29 in V. I. Lenin. Decree On The Arrest Of The Leaders Of The Civil War Against The Revolution, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 28, 1972, pp.351, available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^See V. I. Lenin. On The Opening Of The Constituent Assembly, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 367, available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆):
^See V. I. Lenin. Speech At A Meeting Of The Central Committee Of The R.S.D.L.P.(B.), December 11(24), 1917 and footnotes, Collected Works, Progress Publishers, Moscow, Volume 26, 1972, pp. 377, available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^See Nikolai N. Smirnov "Constituent Assembly" in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, eds. Edward Acton, Vladimir Iu. Cherniaev, William G. Rosenberg, Indiana University Press/Arnold, 1997, ISBN 0-253-33333-4 p.332
^ 17.017.117.2All quotes from Bolshevik deputies from F.F. Raskolnikov. Tales of Sub-Lieutenant Ilyin: The Tale of a Lost Day, Moscow, 1934, English translation London, New Park Publications Ltd, 1982, available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^See Jonathan D. Smele. Civil War in Siberia: The Anti-Bolshevik Government of Admiral Kolchak, 1918-1920, Cambridge University Press, 1996 ISBN 0-521-57335-1 p.34 on the violent opposition of Siberian landowners to the Constituent Assembly in the wake of this decision
^See Nikolai N. Smirnov "Constituent Assembly" in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op. cit., p.332
^See "Tsentral'nyi komitet PS.-R. Tezisy dlia partiinykh agitatorov i propagandistov. No. 1", in Partiia sotsialistov-revoliutsionerov posle oktiabr'skogo perevorota 1917 goda. Dokumenty iz arkhiva PS.-R., Amsterdam, Stichting Beheer IISG, 1989, p55. Quoted in Scott Smith. "The Socialists-Revolutionaries and the Dilemma of Civil War" in The Bolsheviks In Russian Society: The Revolution and the Civil War Years ed. Vladimir N. Brovkin, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1997, 83-104. Available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^See Scott Smith, op. cit. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on the Bolshevik non-recognition of anti-Bolshevik deputies in Petrograd, Astrakhan, Tula, etc.
^See Scott Smith, op. cit. (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on the evolution of the SRs' attitude towards the Bolshevik government
^ 28.028.1Both quotes from the "Constitution of the Ufa Directory", first published in Narodovlastie, No. 1, 1918, reprinted in Istoriya Rossii 1917 - 1940, Ekaterinburg, 1993, pp. 102 - 105, English translation available online (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
^See Michael Melancon. "Chernov", in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op.cit., p.137
^See Ronald Grigor Suny. The Soviet Experiment: Russia, the USSR, and the Successor States, Oxford University Press, 1998, ISBN 0-19-508105-6 p.80
^See Elizabeth A. Wood. Performing Justice: Agitation Trials in Early Soviet Russia, Cornell University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8014-4257-5, p.83
^See Georg Schild. Between Ideology and Realpolitik: Woodrow Wilson and the Russian Revolution, 1917-1921, Contributions to the Study of World History, ISSN 0885-9159, no. 51, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1995, ISBN 0-313-29570-0 p.111
^See Arnol'dov. Zhizn' i revoliutsiia, p. 158, quoted in Jonathan D. Smele, op.cit., p.254
^See Nikolai N. Smirnov, "The Constituent Assembly" in Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution 1914-1921, op. cit., p. 332