同时,多项研究表明冬虫夏草中并不含有發現於蛹蟲草菌的虫草素(Cordycepin)[15]。2017年发表于《Cell Chemical Biology》的研究完全阐明了虫草素的合成机理,并确认中华线虫草不会合成虫草素,也不会合成同时产生的、具抗癌功效的喷司他丁(英语:pentostatin)。文章所发现所检查物种中,仅有虫草花及其近亲九州虫草Cordyceps kyusyuensis产生此物质。[16]更早表示冬虫夏草含虫草素的文章是直接使用了市售冬虫夏草,没有用任何方式验证其物种真伪,因此不能排除测量的实际上是某种产生虫草素的广义“虫草”菌。[17]
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