卡拉什尼科夫槍族

提示：此条目的主题不是AK-47突擊步槍。
卡拉什尼科夫集團為AK槍族設計的標誌

卡拉什尼科夫槍族（俄語：Автоматы Калашникова，羅馬化：Avtomaty Kalashnikova，簡稱AK槍族）是自米哈伊尔·卡拉什尼科夫研發之AK-47突擊步槍所衍生出的槍械系列。其大部份成員最初由卡拉什尼科夫集團（原名伊茲馬什兵工廠）所開發設計，其後傳至其他華沙條約及東方集團國家並為其所大量仿製；由於原型AK-47的響亮名聲，更甚至有非東方集團、親西方的國家仿效其設計推出自製產品，如以色列的加利爾突擊步槍及印度的英薩斯突擊步槍。

AK槍族成員是當今世上使用最廣泛的槍械，目前世上估算有約七千二百萬支AK系列槍械流通。[1][2][3]

列表

蘇俄國產

型號 國家 類型 彈藥 全長 槍管長度 重量 射速 射程 槍口初速
AK-47 Soviet Union Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 870 415 3.47 600 800 715
AKM Soviet Union Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 880 415 3.1 600 1,000 715
RPK(s) Soviet Union Light machine gun 7.62×39mm M43 1040/820 590 4.80/5.6 600 1,000 745
PK(M) Soviet Union General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR 1173 605 9.0/7.5 650 1,500 825
AK-74 Soviet Union Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 943 415 3.07 600 1,000 900
AKS-74 Soviet Union Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 933/690 415 2.97 600 1,000 900
AK-74M Soviet Union Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 943/705 415 3.4 650 1,000 900
RPK-74 Soviet Union Light machine gun 5.45×39mm M74 1060 590 4.7 600 1,000 960
AKS-74U Soviet Union Carbine assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 730/490 207 2.7 700 500 735
AK-101 Russia Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 943/700 415 3.6 600 1,000 910
AK-102 Russia Carbine assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 824/586 314 3.0 600 500 850
AK-103 Russia Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 943/705 415 3.4 600 1,000 715
AK-104 Russia Carbine assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 824/586 314 3.0 600 500 670
AK-105 Russia Carbine assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 824/586 314 3.2 600 500 840
AK-107 Russia Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 943/700 415 3.8 850 1,000 900
AK-108 Russia Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 943/700 415 3.8 900 1,000 910
AK-109 Russia Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 943/700 415 3.8 900 1,000 750
AK-9 Russia Assault rifle 9×39mm 705/465 200 3.1/3.8 (with suppressor) 600 400 290 (СП-5) / 305 (СП-6)
AK-12 Russia Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74 940/730 415 3.3 700 1,000 900
AK-15 Russia Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 922/862 415 3.5 700 1,000 715
AK-19 Russia Assault rifle 5.56×45mm NATO 935/725 415 3.35 700 1,000 910
AK-308 Russia Assault rifle 7.62×51mm NATO 885-945/695 415 4.3 700 800

外國仿製

Country Variant(s)
Albania Automatiku Shqiptar 1978 model 56 (ASH-78 Tip-1) copy of Type 56 based on AK-47 rifle; Tipi 1982 model (ASH-82) copy of AKS-47; model 56 Tip-2, copy of RPK; and model 56 Tip-3. Several other versions of the AKMS have been produced mainly with short barrels similar to Soviet AKS-74U for special forces, tank & armored crew and for helicopter pilots and police. There have also been modified ASh-82 (AKMS) with SOPMOD accessories, mainly for Albania's special forces RENEA & exports.[4]
Armenia K-3 (bullpup, 5.45×39mm)
Azerbaijan Khazri (AK-74M)[5]
Bangladesh Chinese Type 56
Bulgaria AKK/AKKS (Type 3 AK-47/w. side-folding buttstock); AKKMS (AKMS), AKKN-47 (fittings for NPSU night sights); AK-47M1 (Type 3 with black polymer furniture); AK-47MA1/AR-M1 (same as -M1, but in 5.56mm NATO); AKS-74M1 (AKMS in 5.56×45mm NATO); AKS-74S (AK-74M1, short version, with East German folding stock, laser aiming device); AKS-74UF (short version of -M1, Russian folding stock), AR-SF (same as −74UF, but 5.56mm NATO); AKS-93SM6 (similar to −74M1, cannot use grenade launcher); RKKS (RPK), AKT-74 (.22 rimfire training rifle)
Cambodia Chinese Type 56, Soviet AK, and AKM
China Type 56
Croatia APS-95
Cuba AKM[6]
East Germany[7] MPi-K/MPi-KS (AK/AKS); MPi-KM (AKM, wooden and plastic stock); MPi-KMS-72 (side-folding stock); MPi-KMS-K (carbine); MPi-AK-74N (AK-74); MPi-AKS-74N (side-folding stock); MPi-AKS-74NK (carbine); KK-MPi Mod.69 (.22 LR select-fire trainer)
Egypt AK, Misr assault rifle (AKM), Maadi
Ethiopia AK, AK-103 (manufactured locally at the State-run Gafat Armament Engineering Complex as the Et-97/1)[8]
Finland RK 62, (7.62×39mm)

RK 95 TP, (7.62×39mm) improvements including a fire control selector and a muzzle device that enabled the firing of rifle grenades, the attachment of a silencer, or bayonet

Hungary[9] AK-55 (domestic manufacture of the 2nd Model AK); AKM-63 (also known as AMD-63 in the US; modernized AK-55), AMD-65M (modernized AKM-63, shorter barrel and side-folding stock), AMP-69 (rifle grenade launcher); AK-63F/D (other name AMM/AMMSz), AK-63MF (modernized); NGM-81 (5.56×45mm NATO; fixed and under-folding stock)
Iran KLS/KLF (AK-47/AKS), KLT (AKMS)
Iraq Tabuk Sniper Rifle, Tabuk Assault Rifle (with fixed or underfolding stock, outright clones of Yugoslavian M70 rifles series), Tabuk Short Assault Rifle
Nigeria Produced by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria as OBJ-006[10][11]
North Korea Type 58A/B (Type 3 AK/w. stamped steel folding stock), Type 68A/B (AKM/AKMS), Type 88 (AKS-74)[12][13]
Pakistan Khyber Pass copies (near the border of Afghanistan); PK-10;[14]
Poland[15] pmK (kbk AK) / pmKS (kbk AKS) (name has changed from pmK – "pistolet maszynowy Kałasznikowa", Kalashnikov SMG to the kbk AK – "karabinek AK", Kalashnikov Carbine in mid-1960s) (AK/AKS); kbkg wz. 1960 (rifle grenade launcher), kbkg wz. 1960/72 (modernized); kbk AKM / kbk AKMS (AKM/AKMS); kbk wz. 1988 Tantal (5.45×39mm), skbk wz. 1989 Onyks (compact carbine); kbs wz. 1996 Beryl (5.56×45mm), kbk wz. 1996 Mini-Beryl (compact carbine)
Romania PM md. 63/65 (AKM/AKMS), PM md. 80, PM md. 90, collectively exported under the umbrella name AIM or AIMS; PA md. 86 (AK-74), exported as the AIMS-74; PM md. 90 short barrel, PA md. 86 short barrel, exported as the AIMR; PSL (designated marksman rifle; other names PSL-54C, Romak III, FPK and SSG-97)
Sudan MAZ[16] (based on the Type 56)
Turkey SAR 15T/308(V2) is a locally produced and modernized version of the platform by defense contractor Sarsilmaz (Sarsılmaz Silah Sanayi A.Ş.).[17][18]
Ukraine Vepr (bullpup, 5.45×39mm), Malyuk (bullpup)[19]
United States PSAK-47 GF3 rifle(7.62×39mm), PSAK-47 GF4 rifle(7.62×39mm), PSAK-47 GF5 rifle(7.62×39mm),Soviet Arms Krink rifle(5.56x45mm), PSA AK-556 rifle(5.56x45mm), PSAK-74 rifle(5.45x39mm), PSA AK Type 56 rifle(7.62×39mm).Produced by Palmetto State Armory.[20]

US132 rifle (7.62×39mm), US132Z assault rifle (7.62×39mm), US109L shotgun (12 gauge) & US109T shotgun (12 gauge). Produced by Kalashnikov USA.[21][22][23]

Vietnam AKM-1, AKM-VN (AKM) assault rifle, TUL-1 (RPK) light machine gun, Galil ACE 31/32 assault rifle, STV series
Venezuela AK-103[24] / License granted to Venezuela[25]
Yugoslavia/Serbia M64, M70, M72, M76, M77, M80, M82, M85, M90, M91, M92, M99, M21

類似槍械

参考文献

  1. ^ Blair, David. AK-47 Kalashnikov: The firearm which has killed more people than any other需要付费订阅. 2015-07-02 [2019-09-26]. ISSN 0307-1235. （原始内容存档于2022-01-12）.  |journal=被忽略 (帮助)
  2. ^ Franko, Blake. The Gun That Is in Almost 100 Countries: Why the AK-47 Dominates. The National Interest. 2017-05-08 [2019-09-26]. （原始内容存档于June 3, 2023）. 
  3. ^ McCarthy, Niall. The Cost Of An AK-47 On The Black Market Around The World [Infographic]. Forbes. [2019-09-26]. （原始内容存档于May 9, 2023）. 
  4. ^ Albanian Small Arms. Aftermath Gun Club. 20 April 2015. （原始内容存档于2017-10-14）. 
  5. ^ Азербайджан приступил к серийному производству автоматов АК-74М по российской лицензии [Azerbaijan began serial production of AK-74M assault rifles under Russian license]. ЦАМТО. Moscow: Centre for Analysis of World Arms Trade. 8 July 2011 [8 July 2011]. （原始内容存档于April 22, 2023） （俄语）. 
  6. ^ Dimov, Roman. Kalashnikov Arms Versions. The AK Site. （原始内容存档于29 September 2007）. 
  7. ^ MPi-K / MPi-AK Assault Rifle Series. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов. [19 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于April 27, 2023） （俄语）. 
  8. ^ Advertisement flyer for manufacturing capabilities of the GAEC – Gafat Armament Engineering Complex.. [2014-01-23]. （原始内容存档于July 10, 2011）.  Retrieved on 8 October 2010.
  9. ^ Hungary. Assault Rifles. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов. [24 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于April 27, 2023） （俄语）. 
  10. ^ Nigeria to mass-produce Nigerian version of AK-47 rifles. [5 October 2008]. （原始内容存档于14 January 2009）. 
  11. ^ DICON – Defence Industry Corp. of Nigeria. [23 June 2012]. （原始内容存档于2013-12-27）. 
  12. ^ US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, PPSH 1943 SUBMACHINEGUN [sic] (TYPE-50 CHINA/MODEL-49 DPRK), p. A-79.
  13. ^ US Department of Defense, North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, TYPE-68 (AKM) ASSAULT RIFLE, p. A-77.
  14. ^ Russia confronts Pakistan, China over copied weapons, 2009-11-16 [2011-10-16], （原始内容存档于2011-07-17） 
  15. ^ Poland. Assault Rifles. Энциклопедия оружия и боеприпасов. [19 February 2013]. （原始内容存档于April 26, 2023） （俄语）. 
  16. ^ MAZ. Military Industry Corporation. [8 February 2009]. （原始内容存档于27 December 2008）. 
  17. ^ SAR 15T. www.sarsilmaz.com. [2024-12-02] （英语）. 
  18. ^ Abdul, Kazim. Sudan Army fields Turkish-made SAR 308 assault rifle. Military Africa - Insight. 2024-11-24 [2025-01-08]. 
  19. ^ Raigorodetsky, Aleksandr. Автомат "Малюк" ("Малыш") (Украина) ["Malyuk" Assault Rifle (Ukraine)]. Оружейная экзотика. 6 October 2011 [1 Dec 2012]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-03） （俄语）. 
  20. ^ Palmetto State Armory's Website. 
  21. ^ Kalashnikov USA Website. 27 October 2022. 
  22. ^ Smith, Aaron. The first American-made Kalashnikovs are now for sale. CNN.com. 30 June 2015. （原始内容存档于July 1, 2023）. 
  23. ^ Slowik, Max. Kalashnikov USA prices out first wave of American AKs. Guns.com. August 10, 2015. （原始内容存档于February 1, 2016）. 
  24. ^ Primeros 3,000: Cavim inicia entrega de fusiles de asalto Kalashnikov AK-103 a la Fuerza Armada de Venezuela. infodefensa.com. 3 June 2013 [14 September 2015]. （原始内容存档于November 23, 2022）.  (in spanish)
  25. ^ Sieff, Martin. Defense Focus: Venezuela's Kalashnikovs. UPI.com. 15 August 2007 [19 October 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-04）. 
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Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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