坎帕纳斯气龙属

坎帕纳斯气龙属; 化石时期：晚白垩世，森诺曼阶早期 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目：	恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目：	蜥臀目 Saurischia
亚目：	†蜥脚形亚目 Sauropodomorpha
下目：	†蜥腳下目 Sauropoda
演化支：	†梁龙形类 Diplodocimorpha
科：	†雷巴齐斯龙科 Rebbachisauridae
属：	†坎帕纳斯气龙属 Campananeyen; Lerzo et al., 2024
模式種
	†极碎坎帕纳斯气龙; Campananeyen fragilissimus; Lerzo et al., 2024

坎帕纳斯气龙（学名：Campananeyen）是雷巴齐斯龙科蜥脚类恐龙的一个属，来自阿根廷晚白垩世（森诺曼阶）的烛台组（英语：Candeleros Formation）。属下包括单一物种极碎坎帕纳斯气龙（Campananeyen fragilissimus），所知于一具破碎的骨骼。

发现与命名

坎帕纳斯气龙正模标本MMch-PV 71发现于阿根廷内乌肯省埃尔乔肯村（英语：Villa El Chocón）附近烛台组（英语：Candeleros Formation）（巴尔达-阿特拉韦萨达-德拉斯坎帕纳斯地）的沉积物中。标本由一具不完整骨骼组成，包括颅骨脑壳及右隅骨、部分背椎、骶椎及尾椎、髂骨碎片及两个爪（英语：ungual）趾骨。^[1]脑颅遗骸于2016年发表的一篇学术论文上描述，但仍未被命名。^[2]

2024年，莱尔佐等人将此标本描述为雷巴齐斯龙科新属新种。属名Campananeyen取自模式产地拉斯坎帕纳斯（Las Campanas），并组合马普切语n'eyen'（意为“空气”），指正模标本具有大量气腔。种名fragilissimus在拉丁语中意为“最易碎的”，指其非常纤细的髂骨。^[1]

分类

2024年的系统发育分析中，莱尔佐等人连续将坎帕纳斯气龙恢复为星脉龙的姐妹群，二者共处于雷巴齐斯龙科内一个还包括萨帕拉龙的演化支中。结果如以下分支图所示。标本MACN-Pv-N 35为部分椎骨，代表阿马加组（英语：La Amarga Formation）一种未命名的雷巴齐斯龙科，可能同样与这些分类单元近缘，但为获得更准确的结果而从大多数分析中删除。^[1]

梁龙超科 Diplodocoidea

鞭尾类 Flagellicaudata

雷巴齐斯龙科 Rebbachisauridae

亚马逊龙 Amazonsaurus

萨帕拉龙 Zapalasaurus

	坎帕纳斯气龙 Campananeyen

	星脉龙 Sidersaura

伊塔佩瓦龙 Itapeuasaurus

	拉瓦卡特龙 Lavocatisaurus

	科马约龙 Comahuesaurus

科巴斯龙类 Khebbashia

尼日尔龙亚科 Nigersaurinae

奥古斯丁龙 Agustinia

尼日尔龙 Nigersaurus

	泰塔温龙 Tataouinea

	德曼达龙 Demandasaurus

雷巴齐斯龙亚科 Rebbachisaurinae

雷尤守龙 Rayososaurus

雷巴齐斯龙 Rebbachisaurus

利迈河龙 Limaysaurus

	孔椎龙 Katepensaurus

	鹫龙 Cathartesaura

古生态学

烛台组（英语：Candeleros Formation）被解释为一处荒漠沉积环境，代表Kokorkom沙漠，沙漠中分布有些许绿洲，化石则代表冈瓦纳古陆西部中白垩世生态系统的典型动物群组合。^[3]

发现坎帕纳斯气龙的巴尔达-阿特拉韦萨达-德拉斯坎帕纳斯地（Barda Atravesada de Las Campanas locality）还出土了其它雷巴齐斯龙科的部分骨骼残骸、^[4]一种未命名的小型阿贝力龙科、一种蛇颈龟科及一种楔齿蜥类。^[5]该地层其它地点还发现过另外几种动物。恐龙包括更多雷巴齐斯龙科（利迈河龙、诺普乔椎龙和雷尤守龙）^[6]及泰坦巨龙类（安第斯龙和一个未命名的巨型物种）^[7]、多种兽脚类（纤腿龙、双百龙、鹫盗龙、爆诞龙和南方巨兽龙）^[8]及疑似装甲类的神秘恐龙持盾龙。^[3]其它动物包括喙头目（提卡蜥（英语：Tika giacchinoi）和首楔齿蜥）^[9]、蛇类的圣诱蛇（英语：Najash）、鳄型类（英语：Crocodyliformes）阿拉利坡鳄的几个物种及哺乳类的克罗诺皮奥兽（英语：Cronopio dentiacutus）。^[10]^[11]

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Lerzo, Lucas N.; Fernández-Baldor, Fidel Torcida; Canale, Juan I.; Whitlock, John A.; Otero, Alejandro; Gallina, Pablo A. They all floated in the Cretaceous: new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) with a highly pneumatized skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) of Patagonia, Argentina. Historical Biology. 2024-08-13: 1–14. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2383708 （英语）.
^ Paulina Carabajal, A.; Canale, JI.; Haluza, A. New rebbachisaurid cranial remains (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the first endocranial description for a South American representative of the clade. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2016, 36 (5): e1167067. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1167067.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Riguetti FJ, Apesteguía S, Pereda-Suberbiola X. A new Cretaceous thyreophoran from Patagonia supports a South American lineage of armoured dinosaurs. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12 (1): Article number 11621. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1211621R. PMC 9372066 . PMID 35953515. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15535-6 .
^ Haluza, Alexander; Canale, Juan Ignacio. New evidence on the anatomy, function and evolutionary constraints in sauropod pedes based on new material from Mupaleo site (Candeleros Formation. Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. IV Latin American Congress of Vertebrate Paleontology 48. 2011.
^ Canale, Juan I.; Cerda, Ignacio; Novas, Fernando E.; Haluza, Alejandro. Small-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda: Ceratosauria) remains from the Upper Cretaceous of northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2016, 62: 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.001 （英语）.
^ Apesteguía, Sebastián. The sauropod diversity of the La Amarga Formation (Barremian), Neuquén (Argentina). Gondwana Research. 2007, 12 (4): 533–546. Bibcode:2007GondR..12..533A. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.04.007.
^ Otero, Alejandro; Carballido, José L.; Salgado, Leonardo; Canudo, José Ignacio; Garrido, Alberto C. Report of a giant titanosaur sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Neuquén Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. June 2021, 122: 104754 [2024-08-14]. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104754. （原始内容存档于2024-12-28）（英语）.
^ Novas, Fernando E.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Pol lfirst4=Diego; Ortíz, Raúl. New Patagonian Cretaceous theropod sheds light about the early radiation of Coelurosauria (PDF). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie. 2012, 14 (1): 57–81 [2024-08-14]. ISSN 1514-5158. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-12-04）.
^ Apesteguía, Sebastián; Garberoglio, Fernando F.; Gómez, Raúl O. Earliest Tuatara Relative (Lepidosauria: Sphenodontinae) from Southern Continents. Ameghiniana. 30 September 2021, 58 (5). ISSN 0002-7014. S2CID 239053594. doi:10.5710/amgh.13.07.2021.3442 （英语）.
^ Makovicky, P. J.; Apesteguía, S. N.; Gianechini, F. A. A New Coelurosaurian Theropod from the La Buitrera Fossil Locality of Río Negro, Argentina. Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences. 2012, 5: 90–98. S2CID 129758444. doi:10.3158/2158-5520-5.1.90.
^ Guillermo W. Rougier; Sebastián Apesteguía; Leandro C. Gaetano. Highly specialized mammalian skulls from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Nature. 2011, 479 (7371): 98–102. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...98R. PMID 22051679. S2CID 4380850. doi:10.1038/nature10591.

[Campananeyen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Lerzo, Lucas N.; Fernández-Baldor, Fidel Torcida; Canale, Juan I.; Whitlock, John A.; Otero, Alejandro; Gallina, Pablo A. They all floated in the Cretaceous: new rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) with a highly pneumatized skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian) of Patagonia, Argentina. Historical Biology. 2024-08-13: 1–14. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2383708 （英语）.

[2] Paulina Carabajal, A.; Canale, JI.; Haluza, A. New rebbachisaurid cranial remains (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the first endocranial description for a South American representative of the clade. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2016, 36 (5): e1167067. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1167067.

[Jakapil-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Riguetti FJ, Apesteguía S, Pereda-Suberbiola X. A new Cretaceous thyreophoran from Patagonia supports a South American lineage of armoured dinosaurs. Scientific Reports. 2022, 12 (1): Article number 11621. Bibcode:2022NatSR..1211621R. PMC 9372066 . PMID 35953515. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15535-6 .

[Haluza&Canale2011-4] Haluza, Alexander; Canale, Juan Ignacio. New evidence on the anatomy, function and evolutionary constraints in sauropod pedes based on new material from Mupaleo site (Candeleros Formation. Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina. IV Latin American Congress of Vertebrate Paleontology 48. 2011.

[Canale2016-5] Canale, Juan I.; Cerda, Ignacio; Novas, Fernando E.; Haluza, Alejandro. Small-sized abelisaurid (Theropoda: Ceratosauria) remains from the Upper Cretaceous of northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. 2016, 62: 18–28. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.001 （英语）.

[SA07-6] Apesteguía, Sebastián. The sauropod diversity of the La Amarga Formation (Barremian), Neuquén (Argentina). Gondwana Research. 2007, 12 (4): 533–546. Bibcode:2007GondR..12..533A. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.04.007.

[Otero2021-7] Otero, Alejandro; Carballido, José L.; Salgado, Leonardo; Canudo, José Ignacio; Garrido, Alberto C. Report of a giant titanosaur sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Neuquén Province, Argentina. Cretaceous Research. June 2021, 122: 104754 [2024-08-14]. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104754. （原始内容存档于2024-12-28）（英语）.

[Bicentenaria-8] Novas, Fernando E.; Ezcurra, Martín D.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Pol lfirst4=Diego; Ortíz, Raúl. New Patagonian Cretaceous theropod sheds light about the early radiation of Coelurosauria (PDF). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie. 2012, 14 (1): 57–81 [2024-08-14]. ISSN 1514-5158. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2024-12-04）.

[Tika-9] Apesteguía, Sebastián; Garberoglio, Fernando F.; Gómez, Raúl O. Earliest Tuatara Relative (Lepidosauria: Sphenodontinae) from Southern Continents. Ameghiniana. 30 September 2021, 58 (5). ISSN 0002-7014. S2CID 239053594. doi:10.5710/amgh.13.07.2021.3442 （英语）.

[Alnashetri-10] Makovicky, P. J.; Apesteguía, S. N.; Gianechini, F. A. A New Coelurosaurian Theropod from the La Buitrera Fossil Locality of Río Negro, Argentina. Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences. 2012, 5: 90–98. S2CID 129758444. doi:10.3158/2158-5520-5.1.90.

[Cronopio-11] Guillermo W. Rougier; Sebastián Apesteguía; Leandro C. Gaetano. Highly specialized mammalian skulls from the Late Cretaceous of South America. Nature. 2011, 479 (7371): 98–102. Bibcode:2011Natur.479...98R. PMID 22051679. S2CID 4380850. doi:10.1038/nature10591.

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坎帕纳斯气龙属

发现与命名

分类

古生态学

参考资料

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