斯帕夫訴美國案

斯帕夫訴美國案
(Sparf v. United States)
斯帕夫訴美國案; (Sparf v. United States)
	美国最高法院
提出:1894March 5; 判决：1895January 21
案件全名	Sparf and Hansen v. United States
引註案號	156 U.S. 51 15 S. Ct. 273; 39 L. Ed. 343; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2120
既往案件	Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of California
法庭判决
	If one of two people who have committed murder makes a voluntary confession in front of the other, that confession is admissible against both, however not without the other person witnessing it. A jury must apply the law based on the facts of a case.; A court may not direct the jury to return a guilty verdict.; A jury may convict someone of a lesser crime provided the elements of that crime are included in the original offense.; A court may instruct the jury to consider guilt only the alleged offenses, in the case of a person accused of murder, rather than any lesser offenses.; Juries do not have the right to dispute the law, however this does not prevent them from doing so.; ;
法庭意见
多数意见	Harlan; 联名：Fuller, Field, Jackson, White
协同意见	Jackson
不同意见	Brewer; 联名：Brown
不同意见	Gray; 联名：Shiras
	本案推翻了先前的一项或多项判决
	United States v. Susan B. Anthony (1873)

斯帕夫訴美國案（Sparf v. United States, 156 US 51 (1895), or Sparf and Hansen v. United States^[1]）是美國最高法院的案件，考驗被控犯有同一罪行的多名被告供述的可採性，以及陪審團的職責。

背景

1884年1月13日晚上，在前往大溪地島的航行中，"赫斯珀號"(Hesper)輪船的二副、名叫"莫里斯·菲茨杰拉德"(Maurice Fitzgerald)的男子被發現失踪。船員們相信菲茨杰拉德已經被殺，而他的屍體已被扔到了海裡。船長"索德格倫"(Sodergren)懷疑三名船員，即船員"聖克萊爾"(St. Clair)、"漢森"(Hansen)以及"斯帕夫"(Sparf)均參與了謀殺。索德格倫一直將三名嫌疑人關押，直到他們抵達大溪地島，在那裡他們被美國駐大溪地島領事帶上岸，隨後與其他人一起乘坐"熱帶鳥號"(Tropic Bird)輪船被送往舊金山。^[1]在那裡，他們三人因謀殺"菲茨杰拉德"一案受審並被定罪。