易卜拉欣·埃德恒帕夏

易卜拉欣·埃德恒帕夏(土耳其語：İbrahim Edhem Paşa，1819年—1893年),希腊裔奥斯曼帝国官员。他于阿卜杜勒-哈米德二世在位初期担任过大维齐尔。除此之外，易卜拉欣还出任过外交部长（1856年）、驻柏林大使（1876年）及驻维也纳大使（1879年至1882年）^[1]。1883年至1885年，官居军队工程师、内政部长。1876至1877年间，曾作为奥斯曼帝国代表出席君士坦丁堡峰会。

生平

易卜拉欣出生于希腊希俄斯岛^[2]^[3]^[4]的一个东正教村落。父母都是希腊人。但关于其希腊裔背景的资料并不多。他本人是1822年希俄斯大屠杀的幸存者，幼年时父母遭土耳其人杀害，而他则被一位鄂圖曼士兵捕获并被当作奴隶贩卖至君士坦丁堡^[5]。之后由科察·胡斯列夫·穆罕默德帕夏抚养成人。胡斯列夫老而无子，于是便从奴隶贩手中收养了大约十个孩子。其子奥斯曼·哈姆迪贝伊称，易卜拉欣来自斯卡拉玛加斯家族。而他本人试图抹去他与希腊民族的联系。^[6]

在其养父及马哈茂德二世的支持下，易卜拉欣前往法国国立巴黎高等矿业学校留学^[7]，获取文学学士学位且成绩优异。

参考文献

^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. 2003: 97–98. ISBN 0-520-23335-2. Ibrahim Edhem. After studying metals engineering in Paris and Vienna Ibrahim Edhem returned to the Ottoman Empire, where he served in several official posts…He served as ambassador to Berlin in 1876 and to Vienna between 1879 and 1882.
^ Gilman, Daniel Coit. The New International Encyclopaedia. Dodd, Mead and company. 1906: 644. OCLC 223290453. A Turkish soldier and statesman, born of Greek parents on the island of Chios. In 1831 he was taken to Paris, where he was educated in engineering
^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events. D. Appleton. 1878: 268. OCLC 184889012. EDHEM PASHA, the successor of Midhat Pasha as Grand Vizier, was born at Chio, of Greek parents, in 1823. He was saved, when a child, by Turkish soldiers
^ Littell, Eliakim. The Living age. The Living Age Co. 1888: 614. OCLC 10173561. Edhem Pasha was a Greek by birth, pure and unadulterated, having when an infant been stolen from the island of Chios at the time of the great massacre there
^ Shaw, Wendy M. K. Possessors and possessed: museums, archaeology, and the visualization of history in the late Ottoman Empire. University of California Press. 2003: 2003. ISBN 0-520-23335-2. (Osman Hamdi)…His father, Ibrahim Edhem, was born in the Greek Orthodox village of Sakiz. After being captured as a prisoner of war during a village revolt, he was sold as a slave to the chief naval officer, Kaptan-I Derya Husrev Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, who would also soon serve as vizier to the sultan.
^ Edhem Eldem, "Greeks and the Greeks in Ottoman History and Turkish Historiography", The Historical Review (Institute for Neohellenic Research) 6:27 (2009) full text 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2017-04-12.
^ Latimer, Elizabeth Wormeley. Russia and Turkey in the Nineteenth Century. BiblioBazaar. 2008: 204. ISBN 0-559-52708-X. Grand vizier Edhem Pasha…the grand vizier, who sent him to Paris, whence he returned a Bachelor of Arts, and one of the best pupils at the Ecole des Mines.