普拉特修正案(英語:The Platt Amendment)是于1901年2月由美国总统威廉·麦金莱签署的作为陆军拨款法案补充条款和古美(古巴-美国)关系的修正案,之后作为附录写入了古巴宪法,从而使法案对美国和古巴双方产生名义上的法律效力最终导致了古巴实际处于美国的被保护国地位,防止了其他老牌殖民国家染指古巴。因其法案以法案提出者美国参议院外交委员会主席奥维尔·普拉特(英语:Orville H. Platt)而命名。
Preamble: For the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba, and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and directing the President of the United States to use the land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect, the President is hereby authorized to "leave the government and control of the island of Cuba to its people" so soon as a government shall have been established in said island under a constitution which, either as a part thereof or in an ordinance appended thereto, shall define the future relations of the United States with Cuba.
I. That the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise, lodgement in or control over any portion of said island.
II. That said government shall not assume or contract any public debt, to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable sinking fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordinary revenues of the island, after defraying the current expenses of government shall be inadequate.
III. That the government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba.
IV. That all Acts of the United States in Cuba during its military occupancy thereof are ratified and validated, and all lawful rights acquired thereunder shall be maintained and protected.
V. That the government of Cuba will execute, and as far as necessary extend, the plans already devised or other plans to be mutually agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern ports of the United States and the people residing therein.
VI. That the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitutional boundaries of Cuba, the title thereto being left to future adjustment by treaty.
VII. That to enable the United States to maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations at certain specified points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.
依照法案条约夺取了松树岛(今天称作青年岛(Isla de la Juventud)特区)和关塔那摩湾,并在关塔那摩湾建立了美军基地。松树岛直到1934年普拉特修正案废止后才被归还古巴,同年两国签署一项新的条约,保留了美军对关塔那摩湾的租契,并允许古巴和其贸易伙伴免费使用此湾。租金原来为一年2000美元,以金币形式支付;1934年同时也改成相当于1934年4085美元的等值通货。除此之外还加入一项条件,规定祇有当美国和古巴政府双双同意后才能废止这项租契,或美国放弃基地财产。
^Thomas, Hugh. Cuba: The Pursuit for Freedom. p. 277
^原文"To reserve to the U.S. the faculty of deciding for themselves when independence is menaced and when therefore they ought to intervene, to preserve it, is equivalent to delivering up the key of our house so that they can enter it at all hours when the desire takes them, day or night."