波痕

波痕（英語：ripple marks）是由於流體（水或风）的流動在沉积物表面形成的波状起伏的構造。一般由沉积物表层的砂粒在迁移过程中形成在层面上的沙波。波痕有三種：流水波痕（Current formed ripples）：呈不对称状，波谷与波峰均较圆滑，陡坡倾向与流向一致^[1] ^[2]。浪成波痕（wave-formed ripples）：对称的浪或波痕，波峰尖、波谷圆滑^[3]。风成波痕（Wind-formed ripples）：呈不对称状，波谷宽阔，波峰圆滑，陡坡倾向与风向一致^[4]。

参考文献

^ Boggs Jr., Sam. (2006) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 4th ed
^ Easterbrook, Don J. Surface processes and landforms. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print. ISBN 0-13-860958-6 pp. 479-480
^ Nichols, Gary. (2009) Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Wiley, ISBN 978-1405135924
^ Greeley, Ronald, and James D. Iversen. Wind as a Geological Process On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan (Cambridge Planetary Science Old). New York: Cambridge UP, 1987. ISBN 0-521-35962-7 pp. 153-154

外部链接

Ripple Marks and Uniformitarianism （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Unidirectional flow: Sand ripples and grain distribution 2D model （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Unidirectional flow: Sand ripples and topography 2D model （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Waves: Sand ripples and grain distribution 2D model （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Waves: Sand ripples and topography 2D model （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[”Boggs”-1] Boggs Jr., Sam. (2006) Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, 4th ed

[”Easterbrook”-2] Easterbrook, Don J. Surface processes and landforms. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print. ISBN 0-13-860958-6 pp. 479-480

[”Nichols”-3] Nichols, Gary. (2009) Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Wiley, ISBN 978-1405135924

[”-4] Greeley, Ronald, and James D. Iversen. Wind as a Geological Process On Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan (Cambridge Planetary Science Old). New York: Cambridge UP, 1987. ISBN 0-521-35962-7 pp. 153-154

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波痕

参考文献

外部链接

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