派亞氏淋巴叢在17世紀已經被幾個解剖學家觀察和描述過[3]，但在1677年，瑞士解剖學家約翰·康拉德·派亞非常清楚地描述這種結狀構造，以至於它們最終以他的名字命名[1][4]。然而派亞認為它們是向小腸排放一些促進消化的物質的腺體。直到1850年，瑞士醫生魯道夫·奧斯卡·齊格勒（Rudolph Oskar Ziegler）在仔細的顯微鏡檢查後提出，派亞氏淋巴叢實際上是淋巴腺[5]。
^ 1.01.1Peyer, Johann Conrad. Exercitatio Anatomico-Medica de Glandulis Intestinorum, Earumque Usu et Affectionibus [Anatomical-medical essay on the intestinal glands, and their function and diseases]. Schaffhausen, Switzerland: Onophrius à Waldkirch. 1677 （Latin）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link)
Peyer referred to Peyer's patches as plexus or agmina glandularum (clusters of glands). From (Peyer, 1681), p. 7: "Tenui a perfectiorum animalium Intestina accuratius perlustranti, crebra hinc inde, variis intervallis, corpusculorum glandulosorum Agmina sive Plexus se produnt, diversae Magnitudinis atque Figurae." (I knew from careful study of more advanced animals, the intestines bear — often here and there, at various intervals — clusters of glandular small bodies or "plexuses" of diverse size and shape.) From p. 15: "(has Plexus seu agmina Glandularum voco)" (I call them "plexuses" or clusters of glands) He described their appearance. From p. 8: "Horum vero Plexuum facies modo in orbem concinnata; modo in Ovi aut Olivae oblongam, aliamve angulosam ac magis anomalam disposita figuram cernitur." (But the configurations of these "plexuses" are arranged at one time in a circle; at another time, it is seen in an egg [shape] or an oblong olive [shape] or other faceted and more irregularly arranged shape.) Drawings of Peyer's patches appear after pages 22 and 24.
Johann Theodor Schenck (1619 – 1671): Schenck, Johann Theodor. Exercitationes Anatomicæ ad Usum Medicum Accommodatæ [Anatomical Exercises Suited to Medical Practice]. Jena, (Germany): Johann Ludwig Neuenhahn. 1672: 334 [2022-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07） （Latin）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) Schenk thought that intestinal worms resided in Peyer's patches and that the orifices of the patches were the worms' mouths. From p. 334: "In canibus saepissime observavi non ad ventriculum … a praeter labente chylo sibi conveniens allicerent." (In dogs, I very often noticed — not only near the stomach but also on the walls of their small intestines — flesh-colored or glandular blisters, [appearing] to swim one after another, [in] which, when we dissected [them], I observed some smooth reddish worms [vermium] living there in clusters [with] their heads facing towards the cavity of the intestines, in which part there were glands with orifices, [but] reversed, so that from there they obtained, from the chyle flowing past, nourishment [that was] suitable for them.)
Jeremias Loss (1643 – 1684): Loss, Jeremias. Dissertatio Medica de Glandulis in Genere [Medical Discourse on Glands in [Various] Species]. Wittenberg, (Germany): Martin Schultz. 1683: 12 [2022-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07） （Latin）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) On page 12, Loss states that some glands are located "inter Membranas viscerum quorundam" (between the membranes of certain internal organs) " … prout id in Glandulis Intestinorum satis manifestum est." (as it is quite clear in the glands of the intestines), where "In Intestinis ita congregantur, interdum pauciores, interdum plures, ut areolas quasdam constituant: … " (in the intestines there are thus gathered sometimes fewer [glands], sometimes more [glands], so that they form certain round patches.)
Johannes Nicolaus Pechlin (1646 – 1706): Pechlin, Johannes Nicolaus. De Purgantium Medicamentorum Facultatibus [On the Means of Medicinal Purges]. Leiden and Amsterdam, Netherlands: Daniel, Abraham, and Adrian à Gaasbeek. 1672: 510 [2022-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-02） （Latin）. 引文格式1维护：未识别语文类型 (link) From p. 510: " … ego tenuium glandularum glomeratum agmen esse ratus, … " (… I considered the heaped cluster of fine glands, … )
^There were many earlier names for Peyer's patches:
Todd, Robert Bentley (编). The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology5. London, England: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts. 1859: 356 footnote [2022-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-07）.
Leidy, Joseph. An Elementary Treatise on Human Anatomy. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: J.B. Lippincott & Co. 1861: 313 footnote [2022-10-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-06）.
^Ziegler, Rudolph Oskar (1850) Ueber die solitären und Peyerschen Follikel : Inaugural-Abhandlung, der medicinischen Facultät der Julius-Maximilians-Universität zu Würzburg vorgelegt [On solitary and Peyer's follicles: Inaugural treatise, submitted to the medical faculty of the Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg] (in German) Würzburg, (Germany): Friederich Ernst Thein. From p. 37: "Ebensogross, wo nicht grösser ist die Aehnlichkeit der sogenannten Peyer'schen Drüsen und der Lymphdrüsen." (Just as great, if not greater, is the resemblance between the so-called Peyer's glands and the lymph glands.) From p. 38: " … ja, man könnte selbst versucht sein, die letzteren für nichts als eine Art von zwischen den Wänden der Darmsschleimhaut eingebetteten Lymphdrüsen zu halten." ( … indeed, one could even be tempted to regard the latter [i.e., the Peyer's patches] as nothing but some type of lymph glands [which are] embedded between the walls of the intestinal mucosa.)
^ 8.08.1Owen RL, Jones AL. Epithelial cell specialization within human Peyer's patches: an ultrastructural study of intestinal lymphoid follicles. Gastroenterology. February 1974, 66 (2): 189–203. PMID 4810912. doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(74)80102-2.
^Takeuchi T, Gonda T. Distribution of the pores of epithelial basement membrane in the rat small intestine. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. June 2004, 66 (6): 695–700. PMID 15240945. doi:10.1292/jvms.66.695.
^Markov AG, Falchuk EL, Kruglova NM, Radloff J, Amasheh S. Claudin expression in follicle-associated epithelium of rat Peyer's patches defines a major restriction of the paracellular pathway. Acta Physiologica. January 2016, 216 (1): 112–9. PMID 26228735. S2CID 13389571. doi:10.1111/apha.12559. hdl:11701/6438.
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