爱德华·罗宾逊 (圣经学者)

爱德华·罗宾逊（1794年4月10日—1863年1月27日）是一位美国圣经研究学者。他在美国和当时的世界圣经研究和圣经历史学术中心德国学习，翻译了古代文字和德文书籍。他的《古希腊文-英文新约词典》在美国成为权威书籍，并在英国重印了几次。

他在1830年代后期和1850年代对奥斯曼统治下的巴勒斯坦地区的考察期间做的圣经地理学和圣经考古学研究，使他赢得了“圣经地理学之父”和“现代巴勒斯坦学奠基者”的称号。^[1]

生平

1838年，在他的学生Eli Smith的陪同下，罗宾逊前往巴勒斯坦地区考察。他在1841年发表了《巴勒斯坦之圣经研究》（Biblical Researches in Palestine）， 获得了1842年皇家地理协会金奖。1847年，他被选为美国文理科学院会员。^[2]

罗宾逊和史密斯一起，认证出许多圣经提及的地点。他的成就确立了他成为圣经考古学重要"奠基人"，并且影响了从未来的考古田野工作。他认定的一些耶路撒冷地点包括西罗亚隧道和老城的罗宾逊拱在；后者以他的名字命名。

Dictionary of the Holy Bible for the Use of Schools and Young Persons (Boston, 1833)
Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament (1836; last revision, New York, 1850), based on the Clavis Philologica Novi Testamenti of Christian A. Wahl. This work superseded his translation of Wahl's work, becoming a standard authority in the United States. It was several times reprinted in Great Britain.
Biblical Researches in Palestine and Adjacent Countries (three volumes, Boston and London, 1841; German edition, Halle, 1841; second edition, enlarged, 1856, published in both English and German)
Greek Harmony of the Gospels (1845; second edition, 1851)
English Harmony of the Gospels (1846)
Memoir of Rev. William Robinson, with some Account of his Ancestors in this Country (printed privately, New York, 1859) This is a sketch of his father, who for 41 years was pastor of the Congregational church in Southington, Connecticut.
Physical Geography of the Holy Land (New York and London, 1865). This is a supplement to his Biblical Researches, and was edited by Mrs. Robinson after his death.
Revised editions of the Greek and English Harmonies, edited by Matthew B. Riddle, were published in 1885 and 1886 after Robinson's death.

^ James B. Pritchard. Archeology and the Old Testament. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1958: 57–58. LCCN 58010053.
^ Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter R (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. [April 10, 2011]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-13）.

R. D. Hitchcock, The Life, Writings, and Character of Edward Robinson (New York, 1863)
"The Development of Palestine Exploration: Being the Ely Lectures for 1903" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Frederick Jones Bliss. (London,1906), Lecture V "Edward Robinson" pp. 184 ff.
A Centennial Symposium on Edward Robinson: The Critical Faculty of Edward Robinson （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） by W. F. Stinespring Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 58, No. 4. (Dec. 1939), pp. 379–387
Williams, Jay G. The Times and Life of Edward Robinson: Connecticut Yankee in King Solomons Court. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1999.
Yehoshua Ben-Arieh, The Rediscovery of the Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century, Magnes Press/Hebrew University/Wayne State University Press, 1979
Renaud Soler, Edward Robinson (1794-1863) et l'émergence de l'archéologue biblique, Paris, Geuthner, 2014