在這些左翼激進份子爭論當中的另一方則認為,拿破崙三世會模仿他的叔叔拿破崙一世那樣先進軍義大利北部,然後再向德意志境內侵略。換句話說,他們覺得拿破崙三世並不會幫他們從列強的統治中解放出來,而是帶來另一個外來勢力對義大利的侵略。[7]雅可布·凡內德伊(德语:Jacob Venedey)這派的激進份子則實際上建議革命軍中的左派應該和奧地利一同對抗法國,以利推動義大利統一的進程。[8] 出於擔心拿破崙三世在德意志統一的角色以及隨後可能對義大利的越矩行為,凡內德伊提到:「為了統一德意志鬥爭、流血與勝利,那妳將能從戰場帶回統一的德意志議會。(Fight, bleed and prevail for a united Germany and you will bring the united German parliament home from the battlefield.)」[9]
法國並未參與1848年的第一次義大利獨立戰爭。當皮埃蒙特的軍隊在薩丁尼亞國王卡洛·阿尔贝托的率領下向奧屬義大利進軍並試圖點燃威尼斯的革命之火時,他們遭遇了由約瑟夫·拉德茨基麾下龐大的奧地利軍隊。1848年5月29日的库尔塔托内,奧地利的軍隊向皮埃蒙特與托斯卡尼的聯軍攻擊。雖然奧軍取得了勝利,但在库尔塔托内的反抗軍提供的協助下,皮埃蒙特軍重整起來並在隔天取得了戈伊托戰役(英语:Battle of Goito)的勝利(1848年5月30日)。[10]
^Heinrich Gemkow, Frederick Engels: A Biography, (Verlag Zeit im Bild: Dresden, 1972) pp. 167-197.
^P. N. Fedoseyev et al., Karl Marx: A Biography (Progress Publishers: Moscow, 1973) pp. 166-168.
^P. N. Fedoseyev et al., Karl Marx: A Biography, pp. 326-327.
^Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx, A Nineteenth Century Life (Liveright Publishers: New York, 2013) p. 327.
^Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth Century Life, pp.327-328.
^Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx: A Nineteenth Century Life, p. 328.
^Jonathan Sperber, Karl Marx, A Nineteenth Century Life, p. 328.
^Jonathan Speerber quoting Venedey contained in Karl Marx: A Nineteenth Century Life, p. 328.
^See Note 196 on page 628 in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 7
^Denis Mack Smith, Modern Italy: A Political History (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1997) p. 19.
^See note 120 on page 552 of the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 8 (International Publishers: New York, 1977).
^See note 145 on page 555 of the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 9 (International Publishers: New York).
^See note 145 on page 555 of the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 9.
^Frederick Engels, "The Defeat of ther Piedmontese" a two part article published in the March 30 and April 3, 1849 issues of Neue Rheinische Zeitung contained in the Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 9, p. 169.